1
|
Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Hündler M, Reiterer N, Ricci S, Rivera-Chacon R, Castillo-Lopez E, Zebeli Q, Berthiller F. Comparison of LC-MS-based methods for the determination of carboxylic acids in animal matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1199-1215. [PMID: 38177453 PMCID: PMC10850028 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs) are key players in human and animal metabolism. As they are hardly retained under reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) conditions in their native form, derivatization is an option to make them accessible to RP-LC and simultaneously increase their response for mass spectrometric detection. In this work, two RP-LC tandem mass spectrometry-based methods using aniline or 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH) as derivatization agents were compared with respect to several factors including completeness of derivatization, apparent recoveries (RAs) in both cow feces and ruminal fluid, and concentrations obtained in feces and ruminal fluid of cows. Anion exchange chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (AIC-HR-MS) served as reference method. Derivatization efficiencies were close to 100% for 3-NPH derivatization but variable (20-100%) and different in solvent solutions and matrix extracts for aniline derivatization. Likewise, average RAs of 13C-labeled short-chain fatty acids as internal standards were around 100% for 3-NPH derivatization but only 45% for aniline derivatization. Quantification of CAs in feces and ruminal fluid of cows initially fed a forage-only diet and then transitioned to a 65% high-grain diet which yielded similar concentrations for 3-NPH derivatization and AIC-HR-MS, but concentrations determined by aniline derivatization were on average five times lower. For these reasons, derivatization with aniline is not recommended for the quantitative analysis of CAs in animal samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Manuel Hündler
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Pfizer Austria, Orth an der Donau, Austria
| | - Nicole Reiterer
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Marinomed Biotech AG, Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|