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Härtle S, Sutton K, Vervelde L, Dalgaard TS. Delineation of chicken immune markers in the era of omics and multicolor flow cytometry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1385400. [PMID: 38846783 PMCID: PMC11156169 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1385400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry is a routine method in immunological studies incorporated in biomedical, veterinary, agricultural, and wildlife research and routinely used in veterinary clinical laboratories. Its use in the diagnostics of poultry diseases is still limited, but due to the continuous expansion of reagents and cost reductions, this may change in the near future. Although the structure and function of the avian immune system show commonalities with mammals, at the molecular level, there is often low homology across species. The cross-reactivity of mammalian immunological reagents is therefore low, but nevertheless, the list of reagents to study chicken immune cells is increasing. Recent improvement in multicolor antibody panels for chicken cells has resulted in more detailed analysis by flow cytometry and has allowed the discovery of novel leukocyte cell subpopulations. In this article, we present an overview of the reagents and guidance needed to perform multicolor flow cytometry using chicken samples and common pitfalls to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Härtle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tina S. Dalgaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Lee Y, Kim WH, Lee SJ, Lillehoj HS. Detection of chicken interleukin-10 production in intestinal epithelial cells and necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens using capture ELISA. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 204:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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del Cacho E, Gallego M, Lillehoj HS, Quilez J, Lillehoj EP, Sánchez-Acedo C. Induction of protective immunity against experimental Eimeria tenella infection using serum exosomes. Vet Parasitol 2016; 224:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jeong MS, Del Cacho E, Kim JB, Kim HR, Min W, Jeoung HY, An DJ. Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken IL-1β. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2193-8. [PMID: 25037821 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β proteins from chicken, duck, goose, turkey, and pigeon share 77 to 99% amino acid sequence similarity among themselves, and only 31 to 35% sequence similarity is shared between avian and mammalian IL-1β. There have been no antibodies that specifically detect avian IL-1β, and the current study was conducted to develop mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against chicken IL-1β (chIL-1β) to further define its biochemical and immunological properties. In this study, 2 mouse mAb that are specific for chIL-1β were produced and characterized. Both mAb identified a 66.0 kDa recombinant chIL-1β protein expressed in Escherichia coli by Western blot analysis that corresponded to the expected molecular weight of a recombinant fusion protein containing the full-length 23.0 kDa chIL-1β protein and a 43.0 kDa maltose binding protein tag. Immunohistochemical analysis identified cells producing endogenous chIL-1β in the cecal tonsils, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen. Purified recombinant chIL-1β dose-dependently stimulated the proliferation and nitric oxide production by thymocytes, and both activities were inhibited by co-incubation with the 2 chIL-1β mAb described in this paper. These mAb will be important immune reagents for basic and applied poultry research of IL-1β in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 441-853, Korea Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - H S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - M S Jeong
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - E Del Cacho
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 500015, Spain
| | - J B Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 441-853, Korea
| | - H R Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 441-853, Korea
| | - W Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Korea
| | - H Y Jeoung
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang City, Kyunggido, 430-824, Korea
| | - D J An
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang City, Kyunggido, 430-824, Korea
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jeong M, Del Cacho E, Min W, Sullivan YB, Kakach L, LaBresh JW, Kim HR. Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken TL1A. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stewart CR, Keyburn AL, Deffrasnes C, Tompkins SM. Potential directions for chicken immunology research. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:463-468. [PMID: 23707787 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of poultry, particularly chicken, as a food source continues to increase globally. Moreover, zoonotic infectious diseases such as avian influenza virus not only continue to impact poultry production, but also pose an increasing threat to public health. This review discusses the importance of poultry in both agricultural and public health arenas. Recent developments in avian immunology are described, with an emphasis on host-pathogen interactions and noting differences from mammalian systems. Next generation technologies including functional genomics and targeted gene disruption (e.g. zinc finger nucleases and meganucleases) are discussed as new approaches for not only understanding immune responses in poultry, but also as novel disease intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Stewart
- CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:840-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512006083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Clostridium-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent Eimeria maxima oocysts at 14 d and Clostridium perfringens at 18 d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of C. perfringens α-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to α-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum α-toxin levels and reduced intestinal IL-8, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA levels, while cytokine/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of Capsicum and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.
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Wei Y, Zhang J, Li K, Huang L, Li J, Wang X, Lin P, Wei Y. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody against a peptide of the novel zinc finger protein ZNF32 proved to be specific and sensitive for immunological measurements. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR167-73. [PMID: 22534698 PMCID: PMC3560618 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ZNF32 has been predicted to be a zinc finger protein and is involved in cell differentiation and tumor development, but its precise function is unknown. Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely used in research and clinical diagnosis and treatments. Therefore, we established an anti-ZNF32 mAb to characterize this protein’s function. Material/Methods Peptide49–63, a specific small peptide of ZNF32, was chosen and the synthetic keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-peptide49–63 was used as an antigen to immunize mice. A mAb against peptide49–63 was generated by hybridoma technology, and hybridoma cells were screened by limiting dilution. The isoform of mAb-pZNF32-8D9 was identified by double agar diffusion. The sensitivity and specificity of the mAb and expressed levels of ZNF32 in various cells and tissues were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Results A stable anti-pZNF32-8D9 hybridoma secreting the anti-peptide49–63 mAb was established and the clone positive to the peptide49–63 in supernatant was 92% in ELISA. The mAb-pZNF32-8D9 is an immunoglobulin-1 that can be used for detecting the ZNF32 protein by immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting and is highly sensitive and specific. We also found ZNF32 expressed at high levels in Jurkat and pulmonary squamous carcinoma cells, but it was not expressed in squamous epidermis cells. Conclusions mAb-pZNF32-8D9 can be used for the identification and expression of ZNF32. It might also provide a new tool for diagnostics or therapy for ZNF32-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wei
- Division of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
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Induction of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina infections using dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1909-16. [PMID: 22354026 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06413-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a novel immunization strategy against avian coccidiosis using exosomes derived from Eimeria parasite antigen (Ag)-loaded dendritic cells (DCs). Chicken intestinal DCs were isolated and pulsed in vitro with a mixture of sporozoite-extracted Ags from Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina, and the cell-derived exosomes were isolated. Chickens were nonimmunized or immunized intramuscularly with exosomes and subsequently noninfected or coinfected with E. tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina oocysts. Immune parameters compared among the nonimmunized/noninfected, nonimmunized/infected, and immunized/infected groups were the numbers of cells secreting T(h)1 cytokines, T(h)2 cytokines, interleukin-16 (IL-16), and Ag-reactive antibodies in vitro and in vivo readouts of protective immunity against Eimeria infection. Cecal tonsils, Peyer's patches, and spleens of immunized and infected chickens had increased numbers of cells secreting the IL-16 and the T(h)1 cytokines IL-2 and gamma interferon, greater Ag-stimulated proliferative responses, and higher numbers of Ag-reactive IgG- and IgA-producing cells following in vitro stimulation with the sporozoite Ags compared with the nonimmunized/noninfected and nonimmunized/infected controls. In contrast, the numbers of cells secreting the T(h)2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were diminished in immunized and infected chickens compared with the nonimmunized/noninfected and the nonimmunized/infected controls. Chickens immunized with Ag-loaded exosomes and infected in vivo with Eimeria oocysts had increased body weight gains, reduced feed conversion ratios, diminished fecal oocyst shedding, lessened intestinal lesion scores, and reduced mortality compared with the nonimmunized/infected controls. These results suggest that successful field vaccination against avian coccidiosis using exosomes derived from DCs incubated with Ags isolated from Eimeria species may be possible.
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jang SI, Lee KW, Baldwin C, Tompkins D, Wagner B, Del Cacho E, Lillehoj EP, Hong YH. Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken CD83. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:527-33. [PMID: 22197010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to develop and characterize mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against chicken CD83 (chCD83), a membrane-bound glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that is primarily expressed on mature dendritic cells (DCs). A recombinant chCD83/IgG4 fusion protein containing the extracellular region of chCD83 was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and isolated from the spent cell culture medium by protein G affinity chromatography. The extracellular region of the chCD83 protein was purified and used to immunize mice. A cell fusion was performed, from which 342 hybridomas were screened for mAbs to chCD83. Two mAbs, chCD83-159 and chCD83-227, stained the greatest percentage of chCD83-transfected CHO cells and were selected for further characterization. By flow cytometry, both mAbs reacted with a chicken macrophage cell line, HD11. Both mAbs also recognized a single 53 kDa protein on Western blots of lysates from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen mononuclear cells or unstimulated HD11 cells. Immunostaining of chicken secondary lymphoid organs identified chCD83(+) cells with morphologic and subtissue localization properties comparable to mammalian DCs. In vitro stimulation of spleen mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) decreased the percentage of chCD83(+) cells compared with cells treated with medium alone. Interestingly, spleen cells treated with Con A in the presence of chCD83-227 mAb exhibited decreased percentage of MHCII(+) cells compared with cells treated with an isotype-matched negative control mAb. These chCD83 mAbs may be useful for future investigations of chicken immune cell maturation and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyen Lee
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken interleukin-2 receptor αlpha chain (CD25). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Induction of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection using antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DC) and DC-derived exosomes. Vaccine 2011; 29:3818-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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