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Aydin O, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Richt JA, Yilmaz H. Molecular Characterisation and Antibody Response to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Vaccinated and Infected Cattle in Turkey. Pathogens 2024; 13:304. [PMID: 38668259 PMCID: PMC11053851 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of cattle. In this study, frequency of infection, analysis of variants, and the immune status of vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle were studied. Blood (n = 162) and nasal/oropharyngeal (n = 277) swabs were collected from 62 cattle herds in Turkey. Lung samples (n = 37) were also taken from dead animals and abattoirs. Antibodies to BRSV were detected in 76 (46%) out of 162 sera. The antibody levels in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups were statistically significant. Among 277 nasal/oropharyngeal swabs and 37 lungs, ten nasal/oropharyngeal and four lung samples were positive for BRSV-RNA. BRSV-G gene sequences of 5 out of 14 RT-PCR positive samples showed that all viruses clustered as Group-III in phylogenetic analysis with 88-100% homology. Similarity with previous Turkish BRSVs was 89-98%, and that with BRSVs detected in the USA and Czechia was 89.47-93.12%. BRSV continues to circulate in Turkish cattle, and vaccination seems beneficial in preventing BRSV. The diversity of the BRSVs found in this study needs be considered in vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 66506, Turkey; (O.A.); (A.Y.); (N.T.)
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 66506, Turkey; (O.A.); (A.Y.); (N.T.)
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 66506, Turkey; (O.A.); (A.Y.); (N.T.)
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, NY 66506, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Hadimkoy, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 66506, Turkey; (O.A.); (A.Y.); (N.T.)
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2
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Kaplan M, Özan E, Pekmez K, Çağırgan AA, Arslan F. Molecular characterization of G and F protein genes of bovine respiratory syncytial virus detected from dead calves caused by severe respiratory syndrome: emergence of novel mutations and their importance. Virusdisease 2023; 34:539-549. [PMID: 38046057 PMCID: PMC10686935 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an important viral agent in bovine respiratory disease complex affecting young calves from asymptomatic to fatal. Although BRSV is widely prevalent in Türkiye as in other parts of the world, there are limited molecular studies on BRSV in Türkiye. Therefore, in order to better understand the characteristics of circulating BRSV in Türkiye, a study based on the molecular analysis of both F and G proteins was performed. For this purpose, the presence of BRSV was investigated in 20 calves that died as a result of severe respiratory syndrome in the western region of Türkiye in 2020. Nested PCR was performed for both gene regions, and the products were sequenced. Four samples detected as BRSV positive were identified as genotype III according to both gene regions in molecular analysis. However, they were separated into two distinct clusters due to significant differences in nucleotide (90.09-99.54%) and amino acid (85.42-99.31%) similarities between them. Besides, two positive samples in the same cluster were even more different from previously detected Turkish isolates (90.78-92.17% nt and 87.50-89.58% aa). More over, we detected nine novel aa mutations in the extracellular domain, an immunologically important region in the G protein of the virus, that have not been reported in other world isolates found in Genbank until now. These findings suggest that there may be many different viruses in circulation that have the ability to escape the immune system. We recommend that these findings be taken into account in planning both vaccine and epidemiological studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00846-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaplan
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Özan
- Department of Veterinary Experimental Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kemal Pekmez
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Arslan
- Virology Department, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Mitarai S, Okuya K, Miyane K, Miyamoto M, Ishikawa S, Kawaguchi H, Hatazoe I, Suda Y, Arima E, Nakazato H, Hobo S, Masatani T, Ozawa M. Genetic characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses in Japan between 2017 and 2019. Arch Virol 2023; 168:51. [PMID: 36609930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains that were detected in Kagoshima prefecture and isolated in Hokkaido between 2017 and 2019, together with a BRSV vaccine strain, were subjected to full-genome sequencing. The BRSV strains identified in Japan were found to be genetically close to each other but distant from the vaccine strains. The deduced amino acids at positions 206 and 208 of the glycoprotein (G protein), which form one of the major epitopes of the recent Japanese BRSV strains, were different from those of the vaccine strains. Therefore, the recent Japanese BRSV strains might be antigenically different from the BRSV vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Mitarai
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyane
- Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Machiko Miyamoto
- Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shingo Ishikawa
- Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Itaru Hatazoe
- Kagoshima Prefectural Economics Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Seiji Hobo
- Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Johnson PCD, Hägglund S, Näslund K, Meyer G, Taylor G, Orton RJ, Zohari S, Haydon DT, Valarcher JF. Evaluating the potential of whole-genome sequencing for tracing transmission routes in experimental infections and natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Vet Res 2022; 53:107. [PMID: 36510312 PMCID: PMC9746130 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in cattle. Genomic sequencing can resolve phylogenetic relationships between virus populations, which can be used to infer transmission routes and potentially inform the design of biosecurity measures. Sequencing of short (<2000 nt) segments of the 15 000-nt BRSV genome has revealed geographic and temporal clustering of BRSV populations, but insufficient variation to distinguish viruses collected from herds infected close together in space and time. This study investigated the potential for whole-genome sequencing to reveal sufficient genomic variation for inferring transmission routes between herds. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were generated from experimental infections and from natural outbreaks in Jämtland and Uppsala counties in Sweden. Sufficient depth of coverage for analysis of consensus and sub-consensus sequence diversity was obtained from 47 to 20 samples respectively. Few (range: 0-6 polymorphisms across the six experiments) consensus-level polymorphisms were observed along experimental transmissions. A much higher level of diversity (146 polymorphic sites) was found among the consensus sequences from the outbreak samples. The majority (144/146) of polymorphisms were between rather than within counties, suggesting that consensus whole-genome sequences show insufficient spatial resolution for inferring direct transmission routes, but might allow identification of outbreak sources at the regional scale. By contrast, within-sample diversity was generally higher in the experimental than the outbreak samples. Analyses to infer known (experimental) and suspected (outbreak) transmission links from within-sample diversity data were uninformative. In conclusion, analysis of the whole-genome sequence of BRSV from experimental samples discriminated between circulating isolates from distant areas, but insufficient diversity was observed between closely related isolates to aid local transmission route inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C D Johnson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Sara Hägglund
- HPIG. Unit of Ruminant Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Näslund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gilles Meyer
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Richard J Orton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean François Valarcher
- HPIG. Unit of Ruminant Medicine. Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhou Y, Shao Z, Dai G, Li X, Xiang Y, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Zhu Z, Fan C, Zhang G. Pathogenic infection characteristics and risk factors for bovine respiratory disease complex based on the detection of lung pathogens in dead cattle in northeast China. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:589-606. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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İnce ÖB, Şevik M, Özgür EG, Sait A. Risk factors and genetic characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the inner Aegean Region, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:4. [PMID: 34882272 PMCID: PMC8656441 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the causative viral agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex. This study was conducted to determine the seropositivity and risk factors associated with BRSV infection and to evaluate the phylogenetic relatedness of the BRSVs in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, serum samples (n = 557) and nasal swabs (n = 21) were collected from cattle herds (n = 43) between February 2018 and March 2019. A commercial indirect-ELISA kit was used for the detection of antibodies in the sera samples. Reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to detect viral RNA in nasal swabs. Nasal samples were also examined for the detection of bovine parainfluenza-3, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 by molecular detection methods. Genetic characterization of the local BRSV field isolates was conducted by sequencing attachment glycoprotein (G) gene segment. Epidemiological data on potential risk factors were collected from each sampled herd during blood collection. All herds had at least one seropositive animal. After adjustment for assay sensitivity and specificity, the overall true seropositivity was 58.48% (95% CI: 53.32–63.47). BRSV RNA was detected in 2 of the 21 nasal swabs, whereas other infectious agents were not detected in the investigated samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the field isolates of BRSV obtained in this study belonged to subgroup III, but they were located on separate branch from previously characterised Turkish subgroup III isolates. BRSV field strains from this study displayed 3 new amino acid substitutions (P89S, D115G, and S165L) in the G protein chains compared to other main reference BRSV isolates, demonstrating that BRSV is still evolving. Generalised estimating equation model showed that there were positive associations between BRSV infection, age (OR = 2.36, p = 0.001), herd size (OR = 10.32, p < 0.001), herd type (OR = 8.97, p < 0.001), a past history of respiratory disease (OR = 4.06, p < 0.001). The results of this study revealed that BRSV infection is common among cattle herds in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. The obtained epidemiological and genetic data on BRSV infection from this study could be beneficial for designing effective biosecurity practices and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Barış İnce
- Animal Breeding and Genetic Research and Implementation Center, Pamukkale University, Kinikli Campus, 20100, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Murat Şevik
- Department of Virology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Veterinary Faculty, 42310, Eregli, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emrah Gökay Özgür
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sait
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Viral Diagnostic Laboratory, 34890, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Jia S, Yao X, Yang Y, Niu C, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Pan R, Jiang X, Xiaobo S, Qiao X, Guan X, Xu Y. Isolation, identification, and phylogenetic analysis of subgroup III strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus contributed to outbreak of acute respiratory disease among cattle in Northeast China. Virulence 2021; 12:404-414. [PMID: 33470171 PMCID: PMC7834082 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1872178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a clinically important causative agent of acute respiratory diseases in postweaning calves and feedlot cattle and causes numerous economic losses to the cattle industry. In June 2018, an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease occurred among 4- to 10-month-old calves on three intensive beef cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, with a 27.42% morbidity rate (329/1200) and a > 25% mortality rate (85/329). Using next-generation sequencing, we comprehensively analyzed microbial diversity in the lung samples of the diseased cattle and found that the causative agent of this epidemic outbreak is mainly a bovine orthopneumovirus named BRSV strain DQ. We then isolated and confirmed the virus by RT-PCR and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Phylogenetic analysis of genes G, F, N, NS1, NS2, and SH of BRSV strain DQ showed that this strain shares the highest genetic similarity with strains USII/S1, 15489, V41, and NY487834 belonging to subgroup III of BRSV. This is the first report of subgroup III strain of BRSV presence in China. Heilongjiang Province is a major cattle-breeding province in China; therefore, it is necessary to test for BRSV in the cattle trade and to conduct region-extended epidemiological surveillance for BRSV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- Veterinary Laboratory, Jilin Province Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention , Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Sun Xiaobo
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Guan
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology , Harbin, China
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Kumagai A, Kawauchi K, Andoh K, Hatama S. Sequence and unique phylogeny of G genes of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Japan. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:162-166. [PMID: 33234033 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720975364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an etiologic agent of bovine respiratory disease. The rapid evolutionary rate of BRSV contributes to genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of field strains and causes occasional vaccine failure. We conducted molecular epidemiologic characterization of BRSV circulating in Japan to obtain genetic information for vaccine-based disease control. Phylogenetic analysis of G and F gene sequences revealed that all of the isolated Japanese BRSV strains clustered in the same genetic subgroup, which was distinct from the 9 known groups. We assigned the Japanese group to subgenotype X. The Japanese isolates formed 2 temporal clusters: isolates from 2003 to 2005 clustered in lineage A; isolates from 2017 to 2019 formed lineage B. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the G gene revealed that the central hydrophobic region responsible for viral antigenicity is conserved in all of the isolates; unique amino acid mutations were found mainly in mucin-like regions. Our results suggest that BRSV has evolved uniquely in Japan to form the new subgenotype X; the antigenic homogeneity of the viruses within this group is inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Kumagai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kawauchi
- Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Andoh
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hatama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yazici Z, Ozan E, Tamer C, Muftuoglu B, Barry G, Kurucay HN, Elhag AE, Cagirgan AA, Gumusova S, Albayrak H. Circulation of Indigenous Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strains in Turkish Cattle: The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1700. [PMID: 32962234 PMCID: PMC7552771 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a huge economic burden on the livestock industries of countries worldwide. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the most important pathogens that contributes to BRD. In this study, we report the identification and first isolation, with molecular characterization, of a new BRSV strain from lung specimens of three beef cows in Turkey that died from respiratory distress. After the screening of lung tissues for BRD-associated viruses using a multiscreen antigen-ELISA, a BRSV antigen was detected. This was then confirmed by real-time RT-PCR specific for BRSV. Following confirmation, virus isolation was conducted in MDBK cell cultures and clear CPE, including syncytia compatible with BRSV, were detected. RT-nested PCR, using F gene-specific primers, was performed on the cultured isolates, and the products were sequenced and deposited to Genbank with accession numbers MT179304, MT024766, and MT0244767. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicated that the cattle were infected with BRSV from subgroup III and were closely related to previously identified American and Turkish strains, but contained some amino acid and nucleotide differences. This research paves the way for further studies on the molecular characteristics of natural BRSV isolates, including full genome analysis and disease pathogenesis, and also contributes to the development of robust national strategies against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Yazici
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Emre Ozan
- Department of Veterinary Experimental Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (E.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Cuneyt Tamer
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Bahadir Muftuoglu
- Department of Veterinary Experimental Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (E.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Gerald Barry
- Veterinary Science Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Hanne Nur Kurucay
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmed Eisa Elhag
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Abdurrahman Anil Cagirgan
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 35010 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Semra Gumusova
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Harun Albayrak
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (C.T.); (H.N.K.); (S.G.); (H.A.)
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10
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Giammarioli M, Mangili P, Nanni A, Pierini I, Petrini S, Pirani S, Gobbi P, De Mia GM. Highly pathogenic Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus variant in a dairy herd in Italy. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:740-745. [PMID: 32594662 PMCID: PMC7738713 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an economically significant pathogen in cattle production worldwide. Usually, it is detected in outbreaks of respiratory disease, most often during the winter period. During the middle of October 2018, a serious outbreak of respiratory disease occurred in a cattle farm comprising about 300 heads located in Central Italy. The herd was affected by a severe flu‐like syndrome unresponsive to any antibiotic treatment. Within 3 weeks, 39 adult animals died, and 12 abortions occurred. Direct and indirect laboratory tests were performed to detect the main pathogens causing the respiratory disease of the affected cattle. The results of laboratory investigations provided evidence of an acute and severe BRSV syndrome characterized by unusual mortality. In order to investigate the molecular underpinnings of this syndrome, phylogenetic analysis of the BRSV strain detected from the outbreak was carried out. The sequence analysis showed that the strain was genetically divergent from BRSV strains previously identified in Italy, as it showed high sequence similarity of more than 97% with strains isolated during a major BRSV epizootic that occurred in Sweden, Norway and Denmark during 2010–2011. The infection of the herd in Italy with this BRSV strain was likely due to the introduction of animals imported into Italy from abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giammarioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Piermario Mangili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Alex Nanni
- AUSL Romagna - Ambito territoriale Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pierini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pirani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Mario De Mia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
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Leme RA, Dall Agnol AM, Balbo LC, Pereira FL, Possatti F, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Molecular characterization of Brazilian wild-type strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus reveals genetic diversity and a putative new subgroup of the virus. Vet Q 2020; 40:83-96. [PMID: 32083983 PMCID: PMC7067174 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1733704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine orthopneumovirus, formerly known as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), is frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Aim To perform the molecular characterization of the G and F proteins of Brazilian wild-type BRSV strains derived from bovine respiratory infections in both beef and dairy cattle. Materials and Methods Ten BRSV strains derived from a dairy heifer rearing unit (n = 3) in 2011 and steers of three other feedlots (n = 7) in 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. For the BRSV G and F partial gene amplifications, RT-nested-PCR assays were performed with sequencing in both directions with forward and reverse primers used. Results The G gene-based analysis revealed that two strains were highly similar to the BRSV sequences representative of subgroup III, including the Bayovac vaccine strain. However, the remaining seven Brazilian BRSV strains were diverse when compared with strains representative of the BRSV I to VIII subgroups. The central hydrophobic region of the Brazilian BRSV G gene showed the replacement of conserved cysteines and other residues of importance to antibody reactivity. The deduced F gene amino acid sequences from the Brazilian BRSV strains showed changes that were absent in the representative sequences of the known subgroups. Viral isolation on the nasopharyngeal swab suspensions failed to isolate BRSV. Conclusion Results suggest that these strains represent a putative new subgroup of BRSV with mutations observed in the immunodominant region of the G protein. However, further studies on these Brazilian BRSV strains should be performed to establish their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arruda Leme
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Carvalho Balbo
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Louise Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Possatti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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