1
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Zgheib A, Acker S, Fischer MH, Namyslo JC, Strube F, Rudolph M, Fittschen UEA, Wollmann A, Weber AP, Nieger M, Schmidt A. Lithium aluminate flotation by pH- and light-switchable collectors based on the natural product punicine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9353-9364. [PMID: 38510489 PMCID: PMC10952527 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of the natural product punicine [1-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridinium chloride] were developed as switchable collectors for the flotation of lithium-containing engineered artifical minerals (EnAMs). These EnAMs are e.g. formed by pyrometallurgical processing of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries. Depending on the pH value and the lighting conditions, punicines exist in water as cations, two different electrostatically neutral mesomeric betaines, anionic tripoles, radical cations or radical anions. The radical species form by photochemically induced disproportionation reactions. We prepared punicine derivatives introducing alkyl chains in the pyridinium moiety (4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-octyl and 4-undecanyl) to install hydrophobic groups and examined the recovery rates of the flotation of lithium aluminate (LiAlO2). We varied the lighting conditions (darkness, daylight, LED irradiation at λ = 390-400 nm) and the pH value, the collector's and frother's concentration, and the flotation time. With our collectors, recovery rates of lithium aluminate up to 90% were accomplished when the flotation was conducted in Hallimond tubes exposed to daylight at pH 11 in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zgheib
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Sophie Acker
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Maximilian Hans Fischer
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Franziska Strube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology Chemnitzer Str. 40 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Martin Rudolph
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology Chemnitzer Str. 40 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Ursula E A Fittschen
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Annett Wollmann
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Particle Technology Leibnizstrasse 19 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Alfred P Weber
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Particle Technology Leibnizstrasse 19 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry P. O. Box 55 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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2
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Wang M, Jin S. Utilization of Phytic Acid as a Selective Depressant for Quartz Activated by Zinc Ions in Smithsonite Flotation. Molecules 2023; 28:5361. [PMID: 37513234 PMCID: PMC10386080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to separate smithsonite from quartz with metal ion activation through flotation using sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector. The inevitable Zn2+ in the flotation process of zinc oxide ore makes the separation of smithsonite and quartz more difficult. Thus, this study investigated the use of phytic acid (PA) as a flotation depressant to separate smithsonite from Zn2+-activated quartz while utilizing sodium oleate as the collector. Microflotation tests indicated that phytic acid could selectively inhibit the flotation of Zn2+-activated quartz without affecting the flotation of smithsonite. The measured zeta potentials revealed that the existence of phytic acid hindered sodium oleate adsorption to the surface of Zn2+-activated quartz but had little influence on the adsorption of smithsonite. Zn2+ dissolution tests and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the phytic acid could dissolve the Zn2+ from the minerals' surfaces into the solution. In conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the analysis indicated that phytic acid could adsorb onto the Zn2+-activated quartz surface and eliminate active sites for sodium oleate adsorption by dissolving the active Zn2+ from the quartz surface into the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Saizhen Jin
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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3
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Alizadeh Sahraei A, Azizi D, Mokarizadeh AH, Boffito DC, Larachi F. Emerging Trends of Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling in Froth Flotation: A Review. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:128-164. [PMID: 37362006 PMCID: PMC10288516 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Froth flotation is the most versatile process in mineral beneficiation, extensively used to concentrate a wide range of minerals. This process comprises mixtures of more or less liberated minerals, water, air, and various chemical reagents, involving a series of intermingled multiphase physical and chemical phenomena in the aqueous environment. Today's main challenge facing the froth flotation process is to gain atomic-level insights into the properties of its inherent phenomena governing the process performance. While it is often challenging to determine these phenomena via trial-and-error experimentations, molecular modeling approaches not only elicit a deeper understanding of froth flotation but can also assist experimental studies in saving time and budget. Thanks to the rapid development of computer science and advances in high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures, theoretical/computational chemistry has now matured enough to successfully and gainfully apply to tackle the challenges of complex systems. In mineral processing, however, advanced applications of computational chemistry are increasingly gaining ground and demonstrating merit in addressing these challenges. Accordingly, this contribution aims to encourage mineral scientists, especially those interested in rational reagent design, to become familiarized with the necessary concepts of molecular modeling and to apply similar strategies when studying and tailoring properties at the molecular level. This review also strives to deliver the state-of-the-art integration and application of molecular modeling in froth flotation studies to assist either active researchers in this field to disclose new directions for future research or newcomers to the field to initiate innovative works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Alizadeh Sahraei
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Université
Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dariush Azizi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique
de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Abdol Hadi Mokarizadeh
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Daria Camilla Boffito
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique
de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Université
Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Acker S, Namyslo JC, Rudolph M, Strube F, Fittschen UEA, Qiu H, Goldmann D, Schmidt A. Polyether-tethered imidazole-2-thiones, imidazole-2-selenones and imidazolium salts as collectors for the flotation of lithium aluminate and spodumene. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6593-6605. [PMID: 36860535 PMCID: PMC9969179 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidazolium salts were prepared which possess 2-ethoxyethyl pivalate or 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl pivalate groups as amphiphilic side chains with oxygen donors as well as n-butyl substituents as hydrophobic groups. The N-heterocyclic carbenes of the salts, characterized by 7Li and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by Rh and Ir complex formation, were used as starting materials for the preparation of the corresponding imidazole-2-thiones and imidazole-2-selenones. Flotation experiments in Hallimond tubes under variation of the air flow, pH, concentration and flotation time were performed. The title compounds proved to be suitable collectors for the flotation of lithium aluminate and spodumene for lithium recovery. Recovery rates up to 88.9% were obtained when the imidazole-2-thione was used as collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Acker
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Martin Rudolph
- Freiberg, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource TechnologyChemnitzer Str. 40D-09599 FreibergGermany
| | - Franziska Strube
- Freiberg, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource TechnologyChemnitzer Str. 40D-09599 FreibergGermany
| | - Ursula E. A. Fittschen
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryArnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Hao Qiu
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Mineral and Waste Processing, Recycling and Circular Economy SystemsWalther-Nernst-Str. 9D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Daniel Goldmann
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Mineral and Waste Processing, Recycling and Circular Economy SystemsWalther-Nernst-Str. 9D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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Liu Z, Liu J, Liao Y, Jin C, Ma Z. Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca 2+) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249026. [PMID: 36558159 PMCID: PMC9788629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca2+) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefore, the dispersion behavior and mechanism of Ca2+ action on smithsonite are important for improving the efficiency of smithsonite flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca2+ on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite were studied using a turbidity test. The results showed that the dispersion behavior of smithsonite was good in the absence of Ca2+ at a range of pH = 4−12. However, the measured turbidity values of smithsonite decreased with the addition of calcium ions. In particular, the dispersion behavior of smithsonite became worse at pH > 10. Zeta potential test results showed that the smithsonite’s surface potential shifted positively, and the absolute value of potential decreased in the presence of Ca2+. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that calcium ions were adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, which may have caused ion exchange or the generation of calcium hydroxide precipitation leading to particle coalescence behavior. The calculations of solution chemistry and DLVO theory indicated that calcium ions adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite to form Ca(OH)+ or precipitation, which reduced the potential energy of interparticle interactions and led to the disruption of dispersion behavior of smithsonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Sinopec Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Yinfei Liao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zilong Ma
- National Engineering Research Centre of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (Z.M.)
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6
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Yi Y, Li P, Zhang G, Feng Q, Han G. Stepwise activation of hemimorphite surfaces with lead ions and its contribution to sulfidization flotation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Selective flotation separation of smithsonite from dolomite by using sodium hexametaphosphate as a depressant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Degradation mechanism of surface hydrophobicity by ferrous ions in the sulfidization flotation system of smithsonite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Zhang S, Wen S, Jiang Y, Liang G, Xian Y. Determination of Pb sulfide formation on smithsonite surface in NH3-Pb-S aqueous solution system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Liao R, Wen S, Liu J, Feng Q. Flotation separation of fine smithsonite from calcite using sodium hexametaphosphate as the depressant in the Na2S-Pb(Ⅱ)-KIAX system. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Effect of ferric ions on surface sulfidization of hemimorphite and implications for xanthate adsorption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Deng R, Wang Y, Duan W, Xing D, Hu Y. Induced Crystallization of Pb2+ on Smithsonite Surface During Sulfidation-xanthate Flotation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Ferreira PHT, Fernandes Lima RM. Concentration of oxidized Brazilian zinc ore by flotation: comparative study between anionic and cationic routes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2075756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Zhou X, He J, Yang C. An ensemble learning method based on deep neural network and group decision making. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Li C, Zhang H. Surface nanobubbles and their roles in flotation of fine particles – A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Cao Q, Zou H, Liu D, Wen S, Chen X. Flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite using an amino-acid collector. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Zhou T, Wang Z, Christie P, Wu L. Cadmium and Lead Pollution Characteristics of Soils, Vegetables and Human Hair Around an Open-cast Lead-zinc Mine. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:1176-1183. [PMID: 33580295 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was investigated together with the accumulation, distribution and health risks from potentially toxic metals in soils, vegetables and human hair at a mining area in southwest China. Annual atmospheric deposition of Cd and Pb were 41.1 and 192 g ha- 1, respectively, and consisted mainly of dry deposition. Agricultural soils experienced high levels of metal pollution around the mine, with 66.4% and 57.3 % of vegetable samples grown on these polluted fields exceeding maximum permissible Cd and Pb concentrations, particularly the leafy vegetables. Residents living near the mining area had high Cd (0.75 mg kg- 1) and Pb (6.87 mg kg- 1) concentrations in their hair, and the maximum values occurred in occupationally exposed individuals. Long-term mining activities have resulted in high health risks to the local population due to Cd and Pb deposition and accumulation from the atmosphere, soils and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Pan G, Zou D, Wang Z. Flotation of Smithsonite From Quartz Using Pyrophyllite Nanoparticles as the Natural Non-toxic Collector. Front Chem 2021; 9:743482. [PMID: 34722456 PMCID: PMC8553995 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural hydrophobic mineral nanoparticles as a collector in froth flotation has recently attracted the attention of researchers. In this article, the separation performance and mechanism of pyrophyllite nanoparticles (PNPs) on smithsonite and quartz flotation system were investigated using the method of flotation, zeta potential, contact angle, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The results of single mineral flotation showed that the difference in flotation recovery between smithsonite and quartz was large for NaOL, DDA, and PNP collectors in the acidic pH range, the largest of which was the PNP system. At pH 6, the optimal dosage of PNPs was 1,000 mg/L. Separation of mixed minerals of smithsonite and quartz using a PNP collector provides the optimum concentrate index (Zn grade 50.84% and Zn recovery 85.36%). According to the results of zeta potential measurement, PNPs and quartz were negatively charged, and the surface of smithsonite was positively charged at pH 6. This provided conditions for smithsonite to selectively adsorb PNPs due to different electrostatic forces. Selective adsorption of PNPs in the smithsonite/quartz flotation system was directly observed by SEM/EDS detection. Hydrophobic PNPs were adsorbed on the surface of hydrophilic smithsonite to make it hydrophobic, and the surface of quartz remained hydrophilic. This is the mechanism for separating smithsonite and quartz using PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Pan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bio-engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zou
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bio-engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Lin H, Takasu K, Koyamada H, Suyama H. Development of Flotation Device for Removing Unburnt Carbon in Fly Ash for Use in Hardened Cementitious Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216517. [PMID: 34772054 PMCID: PMC8585457 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unburned carbon in fly ash inhibits the performance of concrete. A device using the flotation method to remove unburned carbon in fly ash was developed, and the operating condition of the device was experimentally examined. According to the results, the device was able to remove unburnt carbon from fly ash by using the installed micro bubble nozzles and a whirl-type pump. The removal efficiency of unburnt carbon improved when prior forced stirring was carried out by a concrete mixer for 3 min, and a scavenger was added into the fly ash slurry at a density of about 60 wt%. It has also been confirmed that the method of circulating water is more effective than the method of not circulating water. The elements of the modified fly ash slurry (MFAS) have also been experimentally confirmed as not being too different from untreated fly ash, except for the fact that the content of unburned carbon is reduced. The compressive strength and drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete made with MFAS were investigated. The use of MFAS will reduce the performance of concrete compared to that of ordinary concrete. This shows that in a certain range (15-30%), the influence of MFAS on drying shrinkage is constant. The static elastic modulus and dynamic elastic modulus were also investigated. The above results show that the application of MFAS prepared by the flotation method to concrete is feasible.
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Zinc Recovery from Wulagen Sulfide Flotation Plant Tail by Applying Ether Amine Organic Collectors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175365. [PMID: 34500800 PMCID: PMC8434487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Separating oxidized zinc minerals from flotation tailings is always a challenge. In this study, a flotation tailing from Wulagen zinc mine in China (Zn grade < 1%) was processed using froth flotation with combinations of amines (OPA 10, OPA 1214, OPA 13, DDA) and Na2S to study the effects of these amines on the zinc recovery as well as their interactions with other reagents, aiming to screen out a proper reagent scheme to improve zinc separation from extremely low-grade zinc flotation tailings. The results show that different amines led to different flotation performance, and the collectors were ranked as OPA 1214, OPA 13, OPA 10 and DDA in a decreasing order based on flotation collectivity and selectivity. An increase in the concentration of each collector increased the zinc recovery but reduced the concentrate zinc grade. Interactions were also observed between different amines and Na2S and Na2SiO3, and OPA 1214 outdid the others in saving the usage of both the Na2S and Na2SiO3. The measured adsorption of collector onto smithsonite was found to correlate well with flotation test results. It was concluded that hydrocarbon chains can be held accountable for the difference in the flotation performance with different amines. The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the stronger the hydrophobic association ability of amine, which is conducive to the selective amine adsorption onto sulfurized smithsonite particles and hence the smithsonite flotation.
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He J, Zhang H, Yue T, Sun W, Hu Y, Zhang C. Effects of Hydration on the Adsorption of Benzohydroxamic Acid on the Lead-Ion-Activated Cassiterite Surface: A DFT Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2205-2212. [PMID: 33529028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of enhancing the surface activity by preadsorption of metal ions (surface activation) is an effective way to promote the adsorption of surfactant on surfaces, which is very important in surface process engineering. However, the adsorption mechanism of surfactant (collector) on the surface preadsorbed by metal ions in the explicit solution phase is still poorly understood. Herein, the effects of hydration on the adsorption of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) onto the oxide mineral surface before and after lead-ion activation are investigated by first-principles calculations, owing to its importance in the field of flotation. The results show that the direct adsorption of BHA on the hydrated surface is not thermodynamically allowed in the absence of metal ions. However, the adsorption of BHA onto the lead-ion-activated surface possesses a very low barrier and a very negative reaction energy difference, indicating that the adsorption of BHA on hydrated Pb2+ at cassiterite surface is very favorable in both thermodynamics and kinetics. In addition, the adsorption of BHA results in the dehydration of hydrated Pb2+. More interestingly, the surface hydroxyl groups could participate in and may promote the coordination adsorption through proton transfer. This work sheds some new lights on understanding the roles of interfacial water and the mechanisms of metal-ion surface activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yuehua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Complex Copper-Lead Zinc Associated Metal Resources, Hunan Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Changsha 410100, China
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Utilization of local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study the attenuation law of the sulfide layer on the surface of smithsonite. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Monosodium Glutamate as Selective Lixiviant for Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Electric Arc Furnace Dust. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a lixiviant for the selective and sustainable leaching of zinc and copper from electric arc furnace dust was tested. Batch leaching studies and XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS characterization confirmed the high leaching efficiency of zinc (reaching 99%) and copper (reaching 86%) leaving behind Fe, Al, Ca and Mg in the leaching residue. The separation factor (concentration ratio in pregnant leach solution) between zinc vs. other elements, and copper vs. other elements in the optimum condition could reach 11,700 and 250 times, respectively. The optimum conditions for the leaching scheme were pH 9, MSG concentration 1 M and pulp density 50 g/L. Kinetic studies (leaching time and temperature) revealed that the saturation value of leaching efficiency was attained within 2 h for zinc and 4 h for copper. Modeling of the kinetic experimental data indicated that the role of temperature on the leaching process was minor. The study also demonstrated the possibility of MSG recycling from pregnant leach solutions by precipitation as glutamic acid (>90% recovery).
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Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfidization is required in the amine flotation of smithsonite; however, the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite is still not fully understood. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) were used to characterize sulfidized and unsulfidized smithsonite. The XPS and UV–vis DRS analyses showed that smithsonite sulfidization is a transformation of ZnCO3 to ZnS on the smithsonite surfaces. However, this transformation is localized, resulting in the coexistence of ZnCO3 and ZnS or in the formation of ZnS island structures on the sulfidized smithsonite surfaces. AFM height imaging showed that sulfidization can substantially change the surface morphology of smithsonite; in addition, AFM phase imaging demonstrated that sulfidization occurs locally on the smithsonite surfaces. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that smithsonite sulfidization is clearly a heterogeneous solid–liquid reaction in which the solid product attaches at the surfaces of unreacted smithsonite. Smithsonite sulfidization involves heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZnS nuclei. Moreover, the ZnS might nucleate and grow preferentially in the regions with high reactivity, which might account for the formation of ZnS island structures. In addition, sphalerite-structured ZnS is more likely to be the sulfidization product of smithsonite under flotation-relevantconditions, as also demonstrated by the results of our UV–vis DRS analyses. The results of this study can provide deeper insights into the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite.
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25
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Synthesis of Trifluoroacetylacetone Resin Through Schiff’s Base Reaction for Treatment of Cadmium-Contaminated Water. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Muravyov M, Panyushkina A. Distinct Roles of Acidophiles in Complete Oxidation of High-Sulfur Ferric Leach Product of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E386. [PMID: 32164331 PMCID: PMC7143523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-step process, which involved ferric leaching with biologically generated solution and subsequent biooxidation with the microbial community, has been previously proposed for the processing of low-grade zinc sulfide concentrates. In this study, we carried out the process of complete biological oxidation of the product of ferric leaching of the zinc concentrate, which contained 9% of sphalerite, 5% of chalcopyrite, and 29.7% of elemental sulfur. After 21 days of biooxidation at 40°C, sphalerite and chalcopyrite oxidation reached 99 and 69%, respectively, while the level of elemental sulfur oxidation was 97%. The biooxidation residue could be considered a waste product that is inert under aerobic conditions. The results of this study showed that zinc sulfide concentrate processing using a two-step treatment is efficient and promising. The microbial community, which developed during biooxidation, was dominated by Acidithiobacillus caldus, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Ferroplasma acidiphilum, Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, S. thermosulfidooxidans, and Cuniculiplasma sp. At the same time, F. acidiphilum and A. caldus played crucial roles in the oxidation of sulfide minerals and elemental sulfur, respectively. The addition of L. ferriphilum to A. caldus during biooxidation of the ferric leach product proved to inhibit elemental sulfur oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Muravyov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
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27
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Flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite using depressant sodium alginate and mixed cationic/anionic collectors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite using a new depressant fenugreek gum. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Strengthening Sulfidation Flotation of Hemimorphite via Pretreatment with Pb2+. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The conventional sulfidation-xanthate flotation process that consists of sulfidization with sodium sulfide, activation by heavy-metal ions, and collection with xanthate is not sufficiently efficient for treating hemimorphite, and the dosages of the sulfurizing reagent and metal ions are large. In this study, the sulfidation flotation (Pb2+ + Na2S + Pb2+ + xanthate) of hemimorphite was strengthened by pretreating with Pb2+ before sulfidation. Microflotation test results indicated that the recovery of hemimorphite increased by 5–10% after pretreatment with Pb2+. The comprehensive results of adsorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that a large amount of Pb2+ was adsorbed on the hemimorphite surface and entered the lattice, forming Zn(4−x)PbxSi2O7(OH)2·H2O. The newly formed component had an increased amount of surface sulfidation active sites and had the effect of induced crystallization, making the surface more effective for sulfidation. After the Pb2+ was added to the pulp, a large number of uniform and dense PbS species were formed on the hemimorphite surface, increasing the number of adsorption sites for xanthate and reducing the competitive adsorption of residual S2− on the xanthate.
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Luo B, Liu Q, Deng J, Yu L, Lai H, Song C, Li S. Characterization of sulfide film on smithsonite surface during sulfidation processing and its response to flotation performance. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Li C, Bai S, Ding Z, Yu P, Wen S. Visual MINTEQ model, ToF–SIMS, and XPS study of smithsonite surface sulfidation behavior: Zinc sulfide precipitation adsorption. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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A new approach for characterization of hydrophobization mechanisms of surfactants on muscovite surface. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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A Mechanism for the Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid by Smithsonite: Surface Spectroscopy and Microflotation Experiments. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is mostly extracted from oxidized zinc and zinc sulfide minerals, and this process involves flotation as a key step. While it is easier to float the sulfide mineral, its consumption and depletion has led to an increased reliance on oxidized zinc minerals, including smithsonite. Hence, the development of efficient ways of collecting smithsonite by flotation is an important objective. Herein, we describe the use of 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid (HAA), a novel surfactant, as a collector during smithsonite flotation. The mechanism and flotation performance of HAA during smithsonite flotation was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) content studies, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, combined with microflotation experiments. The flotation results revealed that HAA was an excellent collector in pulp over a wide pH range (9–12) and at a relatively low concentration (2 × 10−4 mol/L), at which a recovery of close to 90% of the smithsonite mineral was obtained. TOC content studies revealed that the good flotation recovery was ascribable to large amounts of collector molecule adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, while zeta potential measurements showed that the HAA was chemically adsorbed onto the smithsonite. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the HAA collector molecules adsorbed onto the smithsonite surface as zinc–HAA complexes involving carboxylate moieties and Zn sites on the smithsonite surface in alkaline solution.
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34
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Density Functional Theory Study on the Surface Properties and Floatability of Hemimorphite and Smithsonite. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemimorphite and smithsonite are all-important zinc oxide minerals. The beneficiation and separation of them using flotation method is usually considered difficultly. Minerals surface wettability and its regulation are the core issues in the flotation process, which closely correlate with the surface properties of the minerals. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the surface properties of the two minerals is of great significance for the study of the flotation technology of them. In this study, the surface properties of the hemimorphite (110) surface and the simthsointe (101) surface, and their relationships to the mineral floatability have been investigated by first-principle calculation method based on density functional theory. The calculation results demonstrated that the hemimorphite (110) surface exhibited more obviously surface reconstruction. For the orbital energy level of the surface atoms of two minerals, the O 2p orbital is closer to the Fermi level than the Zn 3d. Chemical bond Mulliken population value indicated that the ionicity of the unsaturated linkage on the smithsonite (101) surface was stronger than that on the hemimorphite (110) surface. The absolute values of the ratios of negative charges to positive charges on the surfaces of hemimorphite and smithsonite were 1.529 and 1.256 respectively. These results implied that the O atoms on hemimorphite (110) surface are more impede collector molecule, such as hydroximic acid, bond with Zn atom, hemimorphite (110) surface is more readily wetted by water. This study provides comprehension at an atomic level to the relationship between surface properties and the floatability of hemimorphite and smithsonite.
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35
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The Effect of Collision Angle on the Collision and Adhesion Behavior of Coal Particles and Bubbles. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The collision and adhesion behavior of particles and bubbles is the key to flotation. Many scholars have investigated the collision and adhesion law of regularly shaped and homogeneous particles (glass beads, glass fiber), but the particles in flotation cells are irregular and heterogeneous. Therefore, it is necessary to take actual coal samples as the research object. First, based on previous research, a particle–bubble collision and adhesion behavior measurement device was set up to study free falling coal particles with different surface properties colliding and adhering to a bubble (db = 1.0 mm). Then bituminous coal from Inner Mongolia was taken as the test object, and the collision and adhesion process of a large amount of coal particles was traced. The entire process is photographically recorded by a camera and analyzed frame by frame through a self-designed software. Finally, the relationship between collision angle and initial settlement position (initial), particle velocity (process), and adhesion efficiency (result) was studied by taking the collision angle as the cut-in point. It was found that both the distribution range of the initial settlement position and the particle central distribution interval are expanding outward with the increase of collision angle. The resistance layer has an important influence on the velocity of particles. The collision angle had an effect on adhesion efficiency and the adhesion efficiency of low-density particles was higher than that of high-density particles.
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36
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Ma A, Zheng X, Li S, Wang Y, Zhu S. Zinc recovery from metallurgical slag and dust by coordination leaching in NH 3-CH 3COONH 4-H 2O system. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180660. [PMID: 30109111 PMCID: PMC6083663 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgical slag and dust (MSD) from lead and zinc smelting, steel dust and galvanized steel scrap are important secondary sources of zinc and other valuable metals. This paper describes the production feasibility and rationality of a cleaner zinc recovery process using MSD and a hydrometallurgical method. It was found that the addition of CH3COONH4 to a NH3-H2O system promotes zinc extraction, and 83.76% of zinc could be dissolved and recovered from the MSD under the following conditions: total ammonia concentration of 5 mol l-1, stirring speed of 300 r.p.m., ammonia/ammonium ratio of 1 : 1, solid/liquid ratio of 1 : 5, leaching temperature of 25°C and a leaching time of 60 min. A leaching kinetic study indicates that the leaching process is controlled by the diffusion and interface transfer and that the reaction apparent activation energy is 22.66 kJ mol-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis showed that zinc can combine with the carboxylate anion to form Zn complexes such as [Zn2(Ac)3(NH3)2]+. Zn2SiO4, ZnS and ZnFe2O4 in NH3-CH3COONH4-H2O system did not disappear according to X-ray diffraction analysis for leaching residue.
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37
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38
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Ma A, Zheng X, Zhang L, Peng J, Li Z, Li S, Li S. Clean recycling of zinc from blast furnace dust with ammonium acetate as complexing agents. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1444057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normol University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normol University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normol University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normol University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Xing Y, Xu M, Gui X, Cao Y, Babel B, Rudolph M, Weber S, Kappl M, Butt HJ. The application of atomic force microscopy in mineral flotation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 256:373-392. [PMID: 29559086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has matured to an indispensable tool to characterize nanomaterials in colloid and interface science. For imaging, a sharp probe mounted near to the end of a cantilever scans over the sample surface providing a high resolution three-dimensional topographic image. In addition, the AFM tip can be used as a force sensor to detect local properties like adhesion, stiffness, charge etc. After the invention of the colloidal probe technique it has also become a major method to measure surface forces. In this review, we highlight the advances in the application of AFM in the field of mineral flotation, such as mineral morphology imaging, water at mineral surface, reagent adsorption, inter-particle force, and bubble-particle interaction. In the coming years, the complementary characterization of chemical composition such as using infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for AFM topography imaging and the synchronous measurement of the force and distance involving deformable bubble as a force sensor will further assist the fundamental understanding of flotation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mengdi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiahui Gui
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yijun Cao
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Bent Babel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martin Rudolph
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with pyrite and its contribution on flotation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7839. [PMID: 29777146 PMCID: PMC5959947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, formation of zinc sulfide species during roasting of ZnO with FeS2 was investigated and its contribution on flotation was illustrated. The evolution process, phase and crystal growth were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) along with thermodynamic calculation and scanning electron microscopy-Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively, to interpret the formation mechanism of ZnS species. It was found that ZnS was initially generated at about 450 °C and then the reaction prevailed at about 600 °C. The generated FexS would dissolve into ZnS and then form (Zn, Fe)S compound in form of Fe2Zn3S5 when temperature increased to about 750 °C. This obviously accelerated ZnS phase formation and growth. In addition, it was known that increasing of ZnO dosage had few effects on the decomposition behavior of FeS2. Then, flotation tests of different zinc oxide materials before and after treatment were performed to further confirm that the flotation performances of the treated materials could be obviously improved. Finally, a scheme diagram was proposed to regular its application to mineral processing. It was systematically illustrated that different types of ZnS species needed to be synthetized when sulfidization roasting-flotation process was carried out to treat zinc oxide materials.
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41
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Bai S, Li C, Fu X, Liu J, Wen S. Characterization of zinc sulfide species on smithsonite surfaces during sulfidation processing: Effect of ammonia liquor. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Qin J, Liu G, Fan H, Tan W. The hydrophobic mechanism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid to hemimorphite flotation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Basic Characteristics of Hemimorphite and Its Transformation Mechanism with Na2CO3. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Hemimorphite Flotation with 1-hydroxydodecylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and Its Mechanism. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Selective Recovery of Mushistonite from Gravity Tailings of Copper–Tin Minerals in Tajikistan. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Adsorption of Fe(III) on smithsonite surfaces and implications for flotation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Tian J, Xu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Zeng X, Deng W. Selective flotation separation of ilmenite from titanaugite using mixed anionic/cationic collectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Wu D, Ma W, Wen S, Bai S, Deng J, Yin Q. Contribution of ammonium ions to sulfidation-flotation of smithsonite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Xing Y, Gui X, Pan L, Pinchasik BE, Cao Y, Liu J, Kappl M, Butt HJ. Recent experimental advances for understanding bubble-particle attachment in flotation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 246:105-132. [PMID: 28619381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bubble-particle interaction is of great theoretical and practical importance in flotation. Significant progress has been achieved over the past years and the process of bubble-particle collision is reasonably well understood. This, however, is not the case for bubble-particle attachment leading to three-phase contact line formation due to the difficulty in both theoretical analysis and experimental verification. For attachment, surface forces play a major role. They control the thinning and rupture of the liquid film between the bubble and the particle. The coupling between force, bubble deformation and film drainage is critical to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for bubble-particle attachment. In this review we first discuss the advances in macroscopic experimental methods for characterizing bubble-particle attachment such as induction timer and high speed visualization. Then we focus on advances in measuring the force and drainage of thin liquid films between an air bubble and a solid surface at a nanometer scale. Advances, limits, challenges, and future research opportunities are discussed. By combining atomic force microscopy and reflection interference contrast microscopy, the force, bubble deformation, and liquid film drainage can be measured simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of the interaction force and the spatiotemporal evolution of the confined liquid film hold great promise to shed new light on flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiahui Gui
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton 49931, USA
| | - Bat-El Pinchasik
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yijun Cao
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiongtian Liu
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Synergetic Effect of the Mixed Anionic/Non-Ionic Collectors in Low Temperature Flotation of Scheelite. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synergetic effect of four octaphenyl polyoxyethyienes (TX) on low temperature flotation of scheelite at 9–11 °C was investigated through flotation experiments, and the adsorption mechanism was studied by way of surface tension, zeta potential, and adsorption measurement. The results show that the presence of the four octaphenyl polyoxyethyienes can improve scheelite flotation in a low concentration range, and their synergetic effects increase with the increase of the oxyethyl group (EO) number in their molecular structure, the mixed sodium oleate/TX-15 collector exhibits the best collecting performance for scheelite. Compared with sodium oleate alone, a larger reduced value of zeta potential is seen in the presence of the mixed collectors, and the adsorption of sodium oleate on the scheelite surface is enhanced for a constant sodium oleate concentration. Moreover, the synergetic effect of TX-15 can be well demonstrated through surface tension measurement, a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the mixed sodium oleate/TX-15 surfactant is obtained, indicating a higher surface property. Therefore, the mixed sodium oleate/TX-15 collector is suitable for low temperature flotation of scheelite.
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