1
|
Nordenskiöld L, Shi X, Korolev N, Zhao L, Zhai Z, Lindman B. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in DNA and chromatin systems from the perspective of colloid physical chemistry. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 326:103133. [PMID: 38547652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
DNA is a highly charged polyelectrolyte and is prone to associative phase separation driven by the presence of multivalent cations, charged surfactants, proteins, polymers and colloids. The process of DNA phase separation induced by positively charged species is often called DNA condensation. Generally, it refers to either intramolecular DNA compaction (coil-globule transition) or intermolecular DNA aggregation with macroscopic phase separation, but the formation of a DNA liquid crystalline system is also displayed. This has traditionally been described by polyelectrolyte theory and qualitative (Flory-Huggins-based) polymer theory approaches. DNA in the cell nucleus is packed into chromatin wound around the histone octamer (a protein complex comprising two copies each of the four histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) to form nucleosomes separated by linker DNA. During the last decade, the phenomenon of the formation of biomolecular condensates (dynamic droplets) by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a generally important mechanism for the formation of membraneless organelles from proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes. DNA and chromatin droplet formation through LLPS has recently received much attention by in vitro as well as in vivo studies that established the importance of this for compartmentalisation in the cell nucleus. Here, we review DNA and chromatin LLPS from a general colloid physical chemistry perspective. We start with a general discussion of colloidal phase separation in aqueous solutions and review the original (pre-LLPS era) work on DNA (macroscopic) phase separation for simpler systems with DNA in the presence of multivalent cations and well-defined surfactants and colloids. Following that, we discuss and illustrate the similarities of such macroscopic phase separation with the general behaviour of LLPS droplet formation by associative phase separation for DNA-protein systems, including chromatin; we also note cases of segregative association. The review ends with a discussion of chromatin LLPS in vivo and its physiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Xiangyan Shi
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China.
| | - Nikolay Korolev
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ziwei Zhai
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Björn Lindman
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Physical Chemistry, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves RA, Holmberg K, Lindman B. Cationic surfactants: A review. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200032 China
- Micro-Nano Research and Diagnosis Center Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Sun J, Yang C, Li H, Loznik M, Göstl R, Chen D, Wang F, Clark NA, Zhang H, Herrmann A, Liu K. Highly Stiff and Stretchable DNA Liquid Crystalline Organogels with Super Plasticity, Ultrafast Self-Healing, and Magnetic Response Behaviors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106208. [PMID: 34734442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based gels are attractive materials as they allow intuitive rational design, respond to external physicochemical stimuli, and show great potential for biomedical applications. However, their relatively poor mechanical properties currently limit their technological application considerably as the latter requires mechanical integrity and tunability. With this work, a DNA organogel is reported that gels through supramolecular interactions, which induce mesophase ordering, and that exhibits exceptional stretchability, deformability, plasticity, and biocompatibility. Moreover, the nature of the supramolecular bond enables complete self-healing within 3 s. Most importantly, the DNA-based liquid crystalline organogels exhibit impressive ultimate tensile strengths above 1 MPa, stiffness higher than 20 MPa, and toughness up to 18 MJ m-3 , rendering these materials the strongest among reported DNA networks. In addition, the facile access is demonstrated to composite DNA materials by blending magnetic nanoparticles with the organogel matrix giving access to magnetic field induced actuation. It is believed that these findings contribute significantly to the advancement of DNA gels for their use in smart materials and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Qing Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Chenjing Yang
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road No. 38, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Loznik
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road No. 38, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Noel A Clark
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Liu P, Luo D. Putting DNA to Work as Generic Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110666. [PMID: 34545660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA is a true polymer that stores the genetic information of an organism. With its amazing biological and polymeric characteristics, DNA has been regarded as a universal building block for the construction of diverse materials for real-world applications. Through various approaches including ligation, polymerization, chemical crosslinking, and physical crosslinking, both pure and hybrid DNA gels have been developed as generic materials. This Review discusses recent advances in the construction of DNA-based networks without considering any of DNA's genetic properties. In addition, we highlight the biomedical and non-biomedical applications of DNA as generic materials. Owing to the superb molecular recognition, self-assembly, and responsiveness of DNA, a mushrooming number of DNA materials with various properties have been developed for general utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Micro-Nano Research and Diagnosis Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mezei A, Pons R. MWNTs or PEG as Stability Enhancers for DNA-Cationic Surfactant Gel Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168801. [PMID: 34445500 PMCID: PMC8395904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic surfactants interact with DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), forming surfactant-DNA complexes that offer particularly efficient control for encapsulation and release of DNA from DNA gel particles. In the present work, DNA-based particles were prepared using CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as the cationic surfactant and modified using two different additives: (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes) MWNT or PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol). The use of both additives to form composites increased the stability of the gel particles. The stability was monitored by the release of DNA and CTAB in different pH solutions. However, not much is known about the influence of pH on DNA–surfactant interaction and the release of DNA and surfactant from gel particles. It was observed that the solubilization of DNA occurs only in very acid media, while that of CTAB does not depend on pH and gets to a plateau after about 8 h. Within 2 h in contact with a pH = 2 solution, about 1% DNA and CTAB was released. Complete destruction for the gel particles was observed in pH = 2 solution after 17 days for PEG and 20 days for MWNT. The composite particles show a considerably enlarged sustained release span compared to the unmodified ones. The dehydration-rehydration studies show that the structure of the composite gel particles, as determined from SAXS (Small-Angle-X-Ray-Scattering) experiments, is similar to that of the unmodified ones. These studies will allow a better knowledge of these particles’ formation and evolution in view of possible applications in drug delivery and release.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pashirova TN, Sapunova AS, Lukashenko SS, Burilova EA, Lubina AP, Shaihutdinova ZM, Gerasimova TP, Kovalenko VI, Voloshina AD, Souto EB, Zakharova LY. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and biological evaluation of tetracationic gemini Dabco-surfactants for transdermal liposomal formulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 575:118953. [PMID: 31843548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the relationship between structure, self-assembly behavior and antimicrobial activity of multicationic gemini surfactants and their successful use as stabilizers of a new liposomal formulation for transdermal drug delivery. New surfactants containing natural moiety 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with four charges and two hydrophobic chains (n-Dabco-s-Dabco-n, where s = 2, 6, 12 and n = 12, 14, 16, 18) were synthesized. A linear dependence of the CMC decrease, with the increase of the number of carbon atoms in alkyl groups (slope 0.23) was shown. The aggregation numbers of n-Dabco-2-Dabco-n are smaller than 30 and they decrease with increasing alkyl chain length. This is in compliance with the larger surface area per n-Dabco-2-Dabco-n molecule. New liposomal formulations loading Rhodamine B phosphatidylcholine (with mean size about 100 nm and increased zeta potential from -7 ± 2 mV to +55 ± 2 mV) have been successfully stabilized by n-Dabco-s-Dabco-n surfactants. These formulations were designed to improve the bioavailability and skin permeation of loaded compound. The antibacterial activity of Dabco-surfactants was shown to be strongly affected by their structure (alkyl chain length and number of charged nitrogen). 12-Dabco-2-Dabco-12 was the most active (MIC = 0.48, 0.98 and 15.6 µg/mL against S. aureus, B. cereus and E. coli, respectively) without hemolytic activity at 3.1 µg/mL concentration. PC/14-Dabco-2-Dabco-14-liposomes were shown to be the best formulation, with the highest antibacterial activity against Sa (MIC = 7.8 μg‧mL-1) and lowest cytotoxicity (IC50 > 125). The modification of liposomes by Dabco-surfactants stabilizes the membrane of the vesicles, preventing the release of rhodamine B and impairing the penetration of the dye across Strat-M® membrane. Cellular uptake of rhodamine B-loaded PC/12-Dabco-2-Dabco-12-liposomes was also reported. This is the first example of cationic mixed liposomes containing Dabco-surfactants of potential interest for transdermal drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - A S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - S S Lukashenko
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - E A Burilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - A P Lubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Z M Shaihutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - T P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - V I Kovalenko
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - A D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Terchnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - L Ya Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov St., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li P, Penfold J, Thomas RK, Xu H. Multilayers formed by polyelectrolyte-surfactant and related mixtures at the air-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:43-86. [PMID: 31029983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The structure and occurrence of multilayered adsorption at the air-water interface of surfactants in combination with other oppositely charged species is reviewed. The main species that trigger multilayer formation are multiply charged metal, oligo- and polyions. The structures vary from the attachment of one or two more or less complete surfactant bilayers to the initial surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface to the attachment of a greater number of bilayers with a more defective structure. The majority of the wide range of observations of such structures have been made using neutron reflectometry. The possible mechanisms for the attraction of surfactant bilayers to an air-water interface are discussed and particular attention is given to the question of whether these structures are true equilibrium structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Li
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery Penfold
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hui Xu
- KLK OLEO, Room 1603, 16th Floor, LZY Tower, 4711 Jiao Tong Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200331, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu K, Zheng L, Ma C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. DNA-surfactant complexes: self-assembly properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5147-5172. [PMID: 28686247 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, DNA-surfactant complexes have gained traction as unique and powerful materials for potential applications ranging from optoelectronics to biomedicine because they self-assemble with outstanding flexibility spanning packing modes from ordered lamellar, hexagonal and cubic structures to disordered isotropic phases. These materials consist of a DNA backbone from which the surfactants protrude as non-covalently bound side chains. Their formation is electrostatically driven and they form bulk films, lyotropic as well as thermotropic liquid crystals and hydrogels. This structural versatility and their easy-to-tune properties render them ideal candidates for assembly in bulk films, for example granting directional conductivity along the DNA backbone, for dye dispersion minimizing fluorescence quenching allowing applications in lasing and nonlinear optics or as electron blocking and hole transporting layers, such as in LEDs or photovoltaic cells, owing to their extraordinary dielectric properties. However, they do not only act as host materials but also function as a chromophore itself. They can be employed within electrochromic DNA-surfactant liquid crystal displays exhibiting remarkable absorptivity in the visible range whose volatility can be controlled by the external temperature. Concomitantly, applications in the biological field based on DNA-surfactant bulk films, liquid crystals and hydrogels are rendered possible by their excellent gene and drug delivery capabilities. Beyond the mere exploitation of their material properties, DNA-surfactant complexes proved outstandingly useful for synthetic chemistry purposes when employed as scaffolds for DNA-templated reactions, nucleic acid modifications or polymerizations. These promising examples are by far not exhaustive but foreshadow their potential applications in yet unexplored fields. Here, we will give an insight into the peculiarities and perspectives of each material and are confident to inspire future developments and applications employing this emerging substance class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tezgel Ö, Szarpak-Jankowska A, Arnould A, Auzély-Velty R, Texier I. Chitosan-lipid nanoparticles (CS-LNPs): Application to siRNA delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 510:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
11
|
Morán M, Forniés I, Ruano G, Busquets M, Vinardell M. Efficient encapsulation and release of RNA molecules from gelatin-based nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Morán MC, Rosell N, Ruano G, Busquets MA, Vinardell MP. Gelatin-based nanoparticles as DNA delivery systems: Synthesis, physicochemical and biocompatible characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 134:156-68. [PMID: 26188853 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly rising demand for therapeutic grade DNA molecules requires associated improvements in encapsulation and delivery technologies. One of the challenges for the efficient intracellular delivery of therapeutic biomolecules after their cell internalization by endocytosis is to manipulate the non-productive trafficking from endosomes to lysosomes, where degradation may occur. The combination of the endosomal acidity with the endosomolytic capability of the nanocarrier can increase the intracellular delivery of many drugs, genes and proteins, which, therefore, might enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Among the suitable compounds, the gelification properties of gelatin as well as the strong dependence of gelatin ionization with pH makes this compound an interesting candidate to be used to the effective intracellular delivery of active biomacromolecules. In the present work, gelatin (either high or low gel strength) and protamine sulfate has been selected to form particles by interaction of oppositely charged compounds. Particles in the absence of DNA (binary system) and in the presence of DNA (ternary system) have been prepared. The physicochemical characterization (particle size, polydispersity index and degree of DNA entrapment) have been evaluated. Cytotoxicity experiments have shown that the isolated systems and the resulting gelatin-based nanoparticles are essentially non-toxic. The pH-dependent hemolysis assay and the response of the nanoparticles co-incubated in buffers at defined pHs that mimic extracellular, early endosomal and late endo-lysosomal environments demonstrated that the nanoparticles tend to destabilize and DNA can be successfully released. It was found that, in addition to the imposed compositions, the gel strength of gelatin is a controlling parameter of the final properties of these nanoparticles. The results indicate that these gelatin-based nanoparticles have excellent properties as highly potent and non-toxic intracellular delivery systems, rendering them promising DNA vehicles to be used as non-viral gene delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Morán
- Departament de Fisiologia - Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia - IN(2)UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Rosell
- Departament de Fisiologia - Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Ruano
- Departament de Fisiologia - Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Busquets
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia - IN(2)UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Fisicoquímica - Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M P Vinardell
- Departament de Fisiologia - Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia - IN(2)UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pashirova TN, Zhil’tsova EP, Lukashenko SS, Zakharova LY, Konovalov AI. Supramolecular systems based on polyethyleneimines and quaternized derivatives of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661408023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|