1
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Bami Chatenet Y, Valette S. Elucidating the lotus and rose-petal effects on hierarchical surfaces: Study of the effect of topographical scales on the contact angle hysteresis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:355-367. [PMID: 39032418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In nature, superhydrophobicity is almost systematically associated with a multiscale topography. Nevertheless, multiscale-textured natural surfaces can either produce water-repellent properties such as on the sacred lotus leaf or high liquid-to-solid adhesion such as on the rose petal. To conceive bio-inspired surfaces with self-cleaning properties, the proper contributions of each topographical scale to the wetting behavior need to be investigated. Conditions for the equilibrium of menisci produced at a given topographical scale are derived, yielding a recursion relation between each topographical scale. We introduce the equilibrium anchorage depth to quantify the penetration of water at equilibrium. To study the contact angle hysteresis (CAH), we thoroughly describe the mechanisms driving the advancing and receding motions of the triple line. Both phenomena depend on what we define as precursor advancing and receding motions. Eventually, the equilibrium, advancing and receding anchorage depths are related to the CAH. Topographical heterogeneities at a topographical subscale i are always associated with a reduced equilibrium anchorage depth and an enhanced robustness at all topographical scales of higher orders of magnitude. Eventually, it is demonstrated that advancing and receding anchorage depths are bounded by the equilibrium anchorage depth, elucidating how rose-petal-like surfaces systematically produce a high CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bami Chatenet
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, ENTPE, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513, 69130 Ecully, France.
| | - Stéphane Valette
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, ENTPE, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR 5513, 69130 Ecully, France.
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2
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Wang G, Ma F, Zhu L, Zhu P, Tang L, Hu H, Liu L, Li S, Zeng Z, Wang L, Xue Q. Bioinspired Slippery Surfaces for Liquid Manipulation from Tiny Droplet to Bulk Fluid. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311489. [PMID: 38696759 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Slippery surfaces, which originate in nature with special wettability, have attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and practical applications in a variety of fields due to their unique characteristics of superlow liquid friction and adhesion. Although research on bioinspired slippery surfaces is still in its infancy, it is a rapidly growing and enormously promising field. Herein, a systematic review of recent progress in bioinspired slippery surfaces, beginning with a brief introduction of several typical creatures with slippery property in nature, is presented. Subsequently,this review gives a detailed discussion on the basic concepts of the wetting, friction, and drag from micro- and macro-aspects and focuses on the underlying slippery mechanism. Next, the state-of-the-art developments in three categories of slippery surfaces of air-trapped, liquid-infused, and liquid-like slippery surfaces, including materials, design principles, and preparation methods, are summarized and the emerging applications are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of various slippery surfaces are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Fuliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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3
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Tzitzilis D, Tsekeridis C, Ntakoumis I, Papadopoulos P. Transition of Liquid Drops on Microstructured Hygrophobic Surfaces from the Impaled Wenzel State to the "Fakir" Cassie-Baxter State. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13422-13427. [PMID: 38825812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Low adhesion of liquids on solid surfaces can be achieved with protrusions that minimize the contact area between the liquid and the solid. The wetting state where an air cushion forms under the drop is known as the Cassie-Baxter state. Surfaces where liquids form macroscopic contact angles above 150° are called superhydrophobic and superhygrophobic, if we refer to water or any liquid, respectively. The Cassie state is desirable for applications, but it is usually unstable compared to the Wenzel state, where the drop is in direct contact with the rough surface. The Cassie-to-Wenzel transition can be triggered by an increase in pressure and vibrations, but the inverse Wenzel-to-Cassie is much more difficult to observe. Here, we examine under what conditions the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition is triggered when the microscopic contact angle changes abruptly. For this, we applied a lubricant of low surface tension around drops that were in the Wenzel state on microstructured surfaces. The increase of the microscopic contact angle lifted the drop from the rough surface, when the pillar height and spacing are large and small, respectively. Numerical calculations for the drop-lubricant interface showed that the surface geometry requirements for the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition are stricter than the ones for the stability of the Cassie state. A surface geometry where the Cassie state is more stable than the Wenzel for a given Laplace pressure of the drop may not always allow the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition to take place. Therefore, the stability of the Cassie state is a necessary but insufficient condition for the inverse transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioannis Ntakoumis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Periklis Papadopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- University Research Center of Ioannina, Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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4
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Wang Y, Fan Y, Liu H, Wang S, Liu L, Dou Y, Huang S, Li J, Tian X. Design of highly robust super-liquid-repellent surfaces that can resist high-velocity impact of low-surface-tension liquids. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1658-1667. [PMID: 38299611 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Super-liquid-repellent surfaces capable of preventing wetting with various liquids have tremendous application. However, high liquid repellency relies on surface texturing to minimize the solid-liquid interfacial contact, which generally results in impaired interface robustness and pressure resistance. Consequently, the surface tends to undergo a Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel wetting transition and loses liquid repellency under high-velocity liquid impact, especially for low-surface-tension liquids. Here, surface design through combining the nanoscale effect and doubly reentrant structure is demonstrated to solve the above challenge. By utilizing a facile colloidal lithography process, robust liquid repellent surfaces featuring nanoscale doubly reentrant (NDR) structures are constructed. The nanoscale features ensure sufficient triple contact line density at a low solid-liquid contact fraction to enhance the capillary force for liquid suspension. In conjunction with the doubly reentrant topography that maximizes the upward component of capillary force, such NDR surfaces enable an extremely robust solid-liquid-gas composite interface. As a result, the prepared NDR surface maintain excellent repellency upon high-velocity impact of various liquids, including ethylene glycol drops with a Weber number (We) above 306 and ethanol drops with a We of 57. The above findings can help the development of super-liquid-repellent surfaces applicable to harsh conditions of high-velocity liquid impact or high hydrostatic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingying Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shilin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xuelin Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Singh NS, Jitniyom T, Navarro-Cía M, Gao N. Droplet impact on doubly re-entrant structures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2700. [PMID: 38302584 PMCID: PMC10834531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Doubly re-entrant pillars have been demonstrated to possess superior static and dynamic liquid repellency against highly wettable liquids compared to straight or re-entrant pillars. Nevertheless, there has been little insight into how the key structural parameters of doubly re-entrant pillars influence the hydrodynamics of impacting droplets. In this work, we carried out numerical simulations and experimental studies to portray the fundamental physical phenomena that can explain the alteration of the surface wettability from adjusting the design parameters of the doubly re-entrant pillars. On the one hand, three-dimensional multiphase flow simulations of droplet impact were conducted to probe the predominance of the overhang structure in dynamic liquid repellency. On the other hand, the numerical results of droplet impact behaviours are agreed by the experimental results for different pitch sizes and contact angles. Furthermore, the dimensions of the doubly re-entrant pillars, including the height, diameter, overhang length and overhang thickness, were altered to establish their effect on droplet repellency. These findings present the opportunity for manipulations of droplet behaviours by means of improving the critical dimensional parameters of doubly re-entrant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanaphun Jitniyom
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Miguel Navarro-Cía
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Hou Y, Shah P, Constantoudis V, Gogolides E, Kappl M, Butt HJ. A super liquid-repellent hierarchical porous membrane for enhanced membrane distillation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6886. [PMID: 37898660 PMCID: PMC10613234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging desalination technology that exploits phase change to separate water vapor from saline based on low-grade energy. As MD membranes come into contact with saline for days or weeks during desalination, membrane pores have to be sufficiently small (typically <0.2 µm) to avoid saline wetting into the membrane. However, in order to achieve high distillation flux, the pore size should be large enough to maximize transmembrane vapor transfer. These conflicting requirements of pore geometry pose a challenge to membrane design and currently hinder broader applications of MD. To address this fundamental challenge, we developed a super liquid-repellent membrane with hierarchical porous structures by coating a polysiloxane nanofilament network on a commercial micro-porous polyethersulfone membrane matrix. The fluorine-free nanofilament coating effectively prevents membrane wetting under high hydrostatic pressure (>11.5 bar) without compromising vapor transport. With large inner micro-porous structures, the nanofilament-coated membrane improves the distillation flux by up to 60% over the widely used commercially available membranes, while showing excellent salt rejection and operating stability. Our approach will allow the fabrication of high-performance composite membranes with multi-scale porous structures that have wide-ranging applications beyond desalination, such as in cleaning wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmin Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Prexa Shah
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Evangelos Gogolides
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR Demokritos, 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Garcia-Gonzalez D, Corrales TP, Dacunzi M, Kappl M. Squeezing Drops: Force Measurements of the Cassie-to-Wenzel Transition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14666-14672. [PMID: 36410035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have long been the center of attention of many researchers due to their unique liquid repellency and self-cleaning properties. However, these unique properties rely on the stability of the so-called Cassie state, which is a metastable state with air-filled microstructures. This state tends to transit to the stable Wenzel state, where the inside of the microstructures eventually wets. For potential industrial applications, it is therefore critical to maintain the Cassie state. We investigate the Cassie-to-Wenzel transition on superhydrophobic micropillar surfaces by squeezing a water drop between the surface and a transparent superhydrophobic force probe. The probe's transparency allows the use of top-view optics to monitor the area of the drop as it is squeezed against a micropillared surface. The impalement, or Cassie-to-Wenzel transition, is identified as a sharp decrease in force accompanied by an abrupt change in the drop's contact area. We compare the force measured by the sensor with the capillary pressure force calculated from the observed drop shape and find a good agreement between both quantities. We also study the force and pressure at impalement as a function of the pillar's slenderness ratio. Finally, we compare the impalement pressure with three literature predictions and find that our experimental values are consistently lower than the theoretical values. We find that a possible cause of this earlier Cassie-to-Wenzel transition may be the coalescence of the squeezed drop with microdroplets that nucleate around the base of the micropillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Garcia-Gonzalez
- Physics of Fluids group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AEEnschede, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomas P Corrales
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 2390123Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Maria Dacunzi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
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8
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Han M, Xu J, Tam KC. Surface Modification, Topographic Design and Applications of Superhydrophobic Systems. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202657. [PMID: 36315127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces with expanded wetting behaviors, like tunable adhesion, hybrid surface hydrophobicity and smart hydrophobic switching have attracted increasing attention due to their broad applications. Herein, the construction methods, mechanisms and advanced applications of special superhydrophobicity are reviewed, and hydro/superhydrophobic modifications are categorized and discussed based on their surface chemistry, and topographic design. The formation and maintenance of special superhydrophobicity in the metastable state are also examined and explored. In addition, particular attention is paid to the use of special wettability in various applications, such as membrane distillation, droplet-based electricity generators and anti-fogging surfaces. Finally, the challenges for practical applications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Neural network modelling of the wettability of a surface grooved with the nanoscale pillars. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Goharshenas Moghadam S, Parsimehr H, Ehsani A. Multifunctional superhydrophobic surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102397. [PMID: 33706199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface wetting has a significant influence on the performance and applications of the materials. The superhydrophobic surfaces have water repellency due to low surface energy chemistry and micro/nanostructure roughness. The amazing applications of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) lead to increase attention to superhydrophobicity in recent decades. The SHSs have been fabricated through chemical and physical methods. The further properties of SHSs as functions such as self-healing, anti-bacterial, anti-fouling, and stimuli-responsiveness are considered as the functions of the SHSs. The Multifunctional SHSs (MSHSs) that contained superhydrophobicity and at least two other properties as the next generation of the SHSs are swiftly developed in recent years. The multiple applications of the MSHSs are originated from specific morphology and functional groups of the MSHSs. The functions (properties) of the MSHSs are categorized into three groups including self-cleaning properties, restrictive properties, and smart properties. Designing and keeping surface structure plays a significant role in fabricating durable MSHSs. However, there is a big challenge to design and also scale up mechanochemical durable MSHSs. Based on state-of-the-art investigations, establishing a self-healing function can improve the durability of SHSs. The durable self-healing MSHSs can enhance the performance of the other functions and lifespan of the surface. In this review, all surface structures and superhydrophobic agents in MSHSs are investigated. The perspective of the MSHSs determined the next generation of the MSHSs have several significant parameters including durability, stability, more functions, more responsiveness, and environmentally friendly features for fabricating the large-scale MSHSs and enhancing their applications.
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11
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Zhao B, Jia Y, Xu Y, Bonaccurso E, Deng X, Auernhammer GK, Chen L. What Can Probing Liquid-Air Menisci Inside Nanopores Teach Us About Macroscopic Wetting Phenomena? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6897-6905. [PMID: 33523651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid surfaces with excellent nonwetting ability have drawn significant interest from interfacial scientists and engineers. While much effort was devoted to investigating macroscopic wetting phenomena on nonwetting surfaces, the otherwise microscopic wetting has received less attention, and the surface/interface properties at the microscopic scale are not well resolved and correlated with the macroscopic wetting behavior. Herein, we first characterize the nanoscopic morphology and effective stiffness of liquid-air interfaces inside nanopores (nanomenisci) on diverse nonwetting nanoporous surfaces underneath water droplets using atomic force microscopy. Detailed three-dimensional imaging of the droplet-surface contact region reveals that water only slightly penetrates into the nanopores, allowing for quantitative prediction of the macroscopic contact angle using the Cassie-Baxter model. By gradually increasing the scanning force, we observe incrementally wetting of nanopores by water, and dewetting occurs when the force is lowered again, exhibiting reversible wetting-dewetting transitions. Further, nanoindentation measurements demonstrate that the nanomenisci show apparent elastic deformation and size-dependent effective stiffness at small indenting forces. Finally, we correlate the effective stiffness of the nanomenisci with the transition from complete rebound to partial rebound for impinging droplets on nanoporous surfaces. Our study suggests that probing the physical properties of the liquid-air menisci at the nanoscale is essential to rationalize macroscopic static and dynamic wetting phenomena on structured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Zhao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Youquan Jia
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | | | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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12
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Zhang W, Wang D, Sun Z, Song J, Deng X. Robust superhydrophobicity: mechanisms and strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4031-4061. [PMID: 33554976 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces hold great prospects for extremely diverse applications owing to their water repellence property. The essential feature of superhydrophobicity is micro-/nano-scopic roughness to reserve a large portion of air under a liquid drop. However, the vulnerability of the delicate surface textures significantly impedes the practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. Robust superhydrophobicity is a must to meet the rigorous industrial requirements and standards for commercial products. In recent years, major advancements have been made in elucidating the mechanisms of wetting transitions, design strategies and fabrication techniques of superhydrophobicity. This review will first introduce the mechanisms of wetting transitions, including the thermodynamic stability of the Cassie state and its breakdown conditions. Then we highlight the development, current status and future prospects of robust superhydrophobicity, including characterization, design strategies and fabrication techniques. In particular, design strategies, which are classified into passive resistance and active regeneration for the first time, are proposed and discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Castro LDC, Larocca NM, Pessan LA. Effect of Structural Features on the Superhydrophobicity of SiO 2-Based Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:124-131. [PMID: 33347758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed correlation between topographical features and wettability of chemically modified coatings based on silica nanoparticles (SiO2) was performed. In this study, hierarchical structures were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique using two different approaches: random roughened surfaces were obtained by exploring stacking defects spontaneously arisen after 15, 30, and 45 assembly cycles of 22 nm SiO2, and a particular structure, commonly known as raspberry-like, was obtained by depositing 22 nm SiO2 over the first deposited 400 nm SiO2. As an intrinsic attribute of the assembly process, the average slope of random roughened surfaces seems to be constant and virtually independent of the number of deposited layers. Additionally, the local slopes are always lower than a critical value (Φcrit) required to stabilize the solid-liquid-air interface; thus, a fully wetted Wenzel state is invariably observed with water contact angles (WCAs) ∼130°. On the other hand, since the local slopes of the raspberry-like structure follow a nearly spherical curvature, small SiO2 can stabilize the solid-liquid-air interface by increasing the local contact angle and avoid the deep penetration of water into the surface asperities, resulting in a WCA ∼167°. The results also suggest that nanoroughness might also play an important role in the pinning effect of the solid-liquid-air contact line, favoring the maintenance of superhydrophobicity of raspberry-like surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D C Castro
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson M Larocca
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Pessan
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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14
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Li X, Yang J, Lv K, Papadopoulos P, Sun J, Wang D, Zhao Y, Chen L, Wang D, Wang Z, Deng X. Salvinia-like slippery surface with stable and mobile water/air contact line. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa153. [PMID: 34691630 PMCID: PMC8288347 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are widely used in many industrial settings, and mainly consist of rough solid protrusions that entrap air to minimize the liquid/solid area. The stability of the superhydrophobic state favors relatively small spacing between protrusions. However, this in turn increases the lateral adhesion force that retards the mobility of drops. Here we propose a novel approach that optimizes both properties simultaneously. Inspired by the hydrophobic leaves of Salvinia molesta and the slippery Nepenthes pitcher plants, we designed a Salvinia-like slippery surface (SSS) consisting of protrusions with slippery heads. We demonstrate that compared to a control surface, the SSS exhibits increased stability against pressure and impact, and enhanced lateral mobility of water drops as well as reduced hydrodynamic drag. We also systematically investigate the wetting dynamics on the SSS. With its easy fabrication and enhanced performance, we envision that SSS will be useful in a variety of fields in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Kaixuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | | | - Jing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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15
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Wong WSY, Corrales TP, Naga A, Baumli P, Kaltbeitzel A, Kappl M, Papadopoulos P, Vollmer D, Butt HJ. Microdroplet Contaminants: When and Why Superamphiphobic Surfaces Are Not Self-Cleaning. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3836-3846. [PMID: 32096971 PMCID: PMC7307963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Superamphiphobic surfaces are commonly associated with superior anticontamination and antifouling properties. Visually, this is justified by their ability to easily shed off drops and contaminants. However, on micropillar arrays, tiny droplets are known to remain on pillars' top faces while the drop advances. This raises the question of whether remnants remain even on nanostructured superamphiphobic surfaces. Are superamphiphobic surfaces really self-cleaning? Here we investigate the presence of microdroplet contaminants on three nanostructured superamphiphobic surfaces. After brief contact with liquids having different volatilities and surface tension (water, ethylene glycol, hexadecane, and an ionic liquid), confocal microscopy reveals a "blanket-like" layer of microdroplets remaining on the surface. It appears that the phenomenon is universal. Notably, when placing subsequent drops onto the contaminated surface, they are still able to roll off. However, adhesion forces can gradually increase by up to 3 times after repeated liquid drop contact. Therefore, we conclude that superamphiphobic surfaces do not warrant self-cleaning and anticontamination capabilities at sub-micrometric length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Y. Wong
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomas P. Corrales
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Federico Santa María
Technical University, Avenida España 1680, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Abhinav Naga
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumli
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Kaltbeitzel
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Periklis Papadopoulos
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Nguyen NN, Berger R, Butt HJ. Premelting-Induced Agglomeration of Hydrates: Theoretical Analysis and Modeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14599-14606. [PMID: 32125147 PMCID: PMC7343245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Resolving the long-standing problem of hydrate plugging in oil and gas pipelines has driven an intense quest for mechanisms behind the plug formation. However, existing theories of hydrate agglomeration have critical shortcomings, for example, they cannot describe nanometer-range capillary forces at hydrate surfaces that were recently observed by experiments. Here, we present a new model for hydrate agglomeration which includes premelting of hydrate surfaces. We treat the premelting layer on hydrate surfaces such as a thin liquid film on a substrate and propose a soft-sphere model of hydrate interactions. The new model describes the premelting-induced capillary force between a hydrate surface and a pipe wall or another hydrate. The calculated adhesive force between a hydrate sphere (R = 300 μm) and a solid surface varies from 0.3 mN on a hydrophilic surface (contact angle, θ = 0°) to 0.008 mN on a superhydrophobic surface (θ = 160°). The initial contact area is 4 orders of magnitude smaller than the cross-sectional area of the hydrate sphere and can expand with increasing contact time because of the consolidation of hydrate particles on the solid surface. Our model agrees with the available experimental results and can serve as a conceptual guidance for developing a chemical-free environmentally friendly method for prevention of hydrate plugs via surface coating of pipe surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc N. Nguyen
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University
of Science and Technology, Dai Co Viet 1, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Physics
at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for
Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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17
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Wang Z, Pereira JM, Gan Y. Effect of Wetting Transition during Multiphase Displacement in Porous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2449-2458. [PMID: 32070092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of wettability on multiphase displacement in porous media have been studied extensively in the past, and the contact angle is identified as an important factor influencing the displacement patterns. At the same time, it has been found that the effective contact angle can vary drastically in a time-dependent manner on rough surfaces due to the Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition. In this study, we develop a theoretical model at the pore scale describing the apparent contact angle on a rough interface as a function of time. The theory is then incorporated into the lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of multiphase displacement in disordered porous media. A dimensionless time ratio, Dy, describing the relative speed of the wetting transition and pore invasion is defined. We show that the displacement patterns can be significantly influenced by Dy, where more trapped defending ganglia are observed at large Dy values, leading to lower displacement efficiency. We investigate the mobilization of trapped ganglia through identifying different mobilization dynamics during displacement, including translation, coalescence, and fragmentation. Agreement is observed between the mobilization statistics and the total pressure gradient across a wide range of Dy values. Understanding the effect of the wetting transition during multiphase displacement in porous media is of importance for applications such as carbon geosequestration and oil recovery, especially for porous media where solid surface roughness cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales , Australia
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, 77420, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pereira
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, 77420, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Yixiang Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales , Australia
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18
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Dixit D, Ghoroi C. Role of randomly distributed nanoscale roughness for designing highly hydrophobic particle surface without using low surface energy coating. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Yu B, Wei Q, Li B, Li L, Yang Y. Highly transparent superamphiphobic surfaces by elaborate microstructure regulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:250-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Rasitha TP, Vanithakumari SC, George RP, Philip J. Template-Free One-Step Electrodeposition Method for Fabrication of Robust Superhydrophobic Coating on Ferritic Steel with Self-Cleaning Ability and Superior Corrosion Resistance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12665-12679. [PMID: 31479612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion of ferritic steel, a widely used structural material in the power and nuclear industries exposed to humid coastal environments, is a major concern. Here, we present a template-free one-step electrodeposition method for the fabrication of a robust superhydrophobic (SHP) coating on ferritic steel with excellent mechanical stability, enhanced corrosion resistance, and self-cleaning ability. By varying the electrodeposition time and potential, the micronanoscale hierarchical surface structures were optimized. The coated SHP surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coated surfaces showed a characteristic cauliflower morphology of cerium myristate with micronanoscale features. The maximum water contact angle achieved was 162.8 ± 2.4°. Shear abrasion testing showed good mechanical durability for the prepared coatings. The as-prepared SHP coating showed a five order reduction in corrosion current density (4.14 × 10-11 A/cm2) and corrosion rate (4.63 × 10-7 mm/y) as compared to the bare sample. Further, a six order enhancement in the polarization resistance (1.55 × 109 Ω) was also observed in agressive chloride solution, which confirmed the excellent corrosion resistance of the SHP coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed a high impedance modulus for SHP coated surfaces due to the presence of a compact protective layer of cerium myristate. This observed impedance modulus of the SHP surface was approximately four orders higher than the reported value on magnesium alloys. This study provides a new platform for obtaining a robust, mechanically stable, and corrosion resistant SHP coating with a self-cleaning ability on ferritic steel substrates that may be adapted for a range of materials in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Rasitha
- Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam - 603 102 , India
| | - S C Vanithakumari
- Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam - 603 102 , India
| | - R P George
- Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam - 603 102 , India
| | - John Philip
- Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute , Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam - 603 102 , India
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21
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Teisala H, Butt HJ. Hierarchical Structures for Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10689-10703. [PMID: 30463408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many surfaces possessing robust super liquid repellency are hierarchically structured on the nano- and micrometer scales. Several examples are found in nature, such as the self-cleaning leaves of lotus plants and anisotropic, water-guiding rice leaves. Each surface design has unique properties optimized for specific wetting conditions. In this invited feature article, we review both natural and artificial hierarchical surface structures and their function in repelling liquids. We discuss different types of structures needed in various wetting situations and draw some general conclusions as a guideline for designing robust superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Teisala
- Department of Physics at Interfaces , Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Department of Physics at Interfaces , Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
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22
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Panter JR, Gizaw Y, Kusumaatmaja H. Multifaceted design optimization for superomniphobic surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7328. [PMID: 31501770 PMCID: PMC6719413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Superomniphobic textures are at the frontier of surface design for vast arrays of applications. Despite recent substantial advances in fabrication methods for reentrant and doubly reentrant microstructures, design optimization remains a major challenge. We overcome this in two stages. First, we develop readily generalizable computational methods to systematically survey three key wetting properties: contact angle hysteresis, critical pressure, and minimum energy wetting barrier. For each, we uncover multiple competing mechanisms, leading to the development of quantitative models and correction of inaccurate assumptions in prevailing models. Second, we combine these analyses simultaneously, demonstrating the power of this strategy by optimizing structures that are designed to overcome challenges in two emerging applications: membrane distillation and digital microfluidics. As the wetting properties are antagonistically coupled, this multifaceted approach is essential for optimal design. When large surveys are impractical, we show that genetic algorithms enable efficient optimization, offering speedups of up to 10,000 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Panter
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Y Gizaw
- Procter and Gamble Co., Winton Hill Business Center, 6210 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Kusumaatmaja
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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23
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Encarnación Escobar J, García-González D, Dević I, Zhang X, Lohse D. Morphology of Evaporating Sessile Microdroplets on Lyophilic Elliptical Patches. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2099-2105. [PMID: 30624944 PMCID: PMC6374750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of droplets occurs in a large variety of natural and technological processes such as medical diagnostics, agriculture, food industry, printing, and catalytic reactions. We study the different droplet morphologies adopted by an evaporating droplet on a surface with an elliptical patch with a different contact angle. We perform experiments to observe these morphologies and use numerical calculations to predict the effects of the patched surfaces. We observe that tuning the geometry of the patches offers control over the shape of the droplet. In the experiments, the drops of various volumes are placed on elliptical chemical patches of different aspect ratios and imaged in 3D using laser scanning confocal microscopy, extracting the droplet's shape. In the corresponding numerical simulations, we minimize the interfacial free energy of the droplet, by employing Surface Evolver. The numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with our experimental data and can be used for the design of micropatterned structures, potentially suggesting or excluding certain morphologies for particular applications. However, the experimental results show the effects of pinning and contact angle hysteresis, which are obviously absent in the numerical energy minimization. The work culminates with a morphology diagram in the aspect ratio vs relative volume parameter space, comparing the predictions with the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
M. Encarnación Escobar
- Max
Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center
for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Diana García-González
- Max
Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center
for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ivan Dević
- Max
Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center
for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Max
Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center
for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Max
Plank Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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24
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Qiao S, Li S, Li Q, Li B, Liu K, Feng XQ. Friction of Droplets Sliding on Microstructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13480-13489. [PMID: 29094600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid transport is a fundamental process relevant to a wide range of applications, for example, heat transfer, anti-icing, self-cleaning, drag reduction, and microfluidic systems. For these applications, a deeper understanding of the sliding behavior of water droplets on solid surfaces is of particular importance. In this study, the frictional behavior of water droplets sliding on superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with micropillar arrays was studied using a nanotribometer. Our experiments show that surfaces with a higher solid area fraction generally exhibited larger friction, although friction might drop when the solid area fraction was close to unity. More interestingly, we found that the sliding friction of droplets was enhanced when the dimension of the microstructures increased, showing a distinct size effect. The nonmonotonic dependence of friction force on solid area fraction and the apparent size effect can be qualitatively explained by the evolution of two governing factors, that is, the true length of the contact line and the coordination degree of the depinning events. The mechanisms are expected to be generally applicable for other liquid transport processes involving the dynamic motion of a three-phase contact line, which may provide a new means of tuning liquid-transfer behavior through surface microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Tretyakov N, Papadopoulos P, Vollmer D, Butt HJ, Dünweg B, Daoulas KC. The Cassie-Wenzel transition of fluids on nanostructured substrates: Macroscopic force balance versus microscopic density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:134703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Tretyakov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Periklis Papadopoulos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Dünweg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität, Hochschulstraße 12, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kostas Ch. Daoulas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Yamamoto K, Takezawa H, Ogata S. Droplet impact on textured surfaces composed of commercial stainless razor blades. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Li D, Xue Y, Lv P, Huang S, Lin H, Duan H. Receding dynamics of contact lines and size-dependent adhesion on microstructured hydrophobic surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4257-4265. [PMID: 27072295 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure size on textured surfaces of a given solid fraction exhibits an important effect on their properties. To understand the size effect on surface adhesion, we study the receding dynamics of the microscopic three-phase contact lines, the adhesive properties, and the relation between them on microstructured surfaces. Two types of surfaces are used, which are micropillar and micropore, respectively. First, the receding process of the contact line is directly observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), which shows distinct characteristics on the two types of surfaces. The micro contact line experiences pinnning, sliding, and rupture on micropillar-patterned surfaces while no rupture occurs on micropore-patterned surfaces. The three-dimensional morphology of the micromeniscus on the micropillared surfaces and the two-dimensional scanning of the cross-sections of the micromeniscus along the diagonal direction are imaged. Based on the images, the local contact angles around the micropillar at the receding front, and the curvatures of the micro-meniscus are obtained. Then, the adhesive force on these surfaces is measured, which surprisingly shows an increasing trend with the size of the microstructure for micropillared surfaces but no obvious size dependence for micropored surfaces. Wetting hysteresis is also measured to testify the similar trend with the size for the two types of surfaces. Further investigation shows that the monotonic increase of the adhesive force with the increasing size of micropillars is due to the growing difficulty of the detachment of the contact lines. The underlying mechanism responsible for the size dependence of the adhesive force is the enhancement of the local reduced pressure exerted on the top of the micropillar with increasing size, resulting from the concave profile of the outer micromeniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Abstract
Rough or textured hydrophobic surfaces are dubbed "superhydrophobic" due to their numerous desirable properties, such as water repellency and interfacial slip. Superhydrophobicity stems from an aversion of water for the hydrophobic surface texture, so that a water droplet in the superhydrophobic "Cassie state" contacts only the tips of the rough surface. However, superhydrophobicity is remarkably fragile and can break down due to the wetting of the surface texture to yield the "Wenzel state" under various conditions, such as elevated pressures or droplet impact. Moreover, due to large energetic barriers that impede the reverse transition (dewetting), this breakdown in superhydrophobicity is widely believed to be irreversible. Using molecular simulations in conjunction with enhanced sampling techniques, here we show that on surfaces with nanoscale texture, water density fluctuations can lead to a reduction in the free energetic barriers to dewetting by circumventing the classical dewetting pathways. In particular, the fluctuation-mediated dewetting pathway involves a number of transitions between distinct dewetted morphologies, with each transition lowering the resistance to dewetting. Importantly, an understanding of the mechanistic pathways to dewetting and their dependence on pressure allows us to augment the surface texture design, so that the barriers to dewetting are eliminated altogether and the Wenzel state becomes unstable at ambient conditions. Such robust surfaces, which defy classical expectations and can spontaneously recover their superhydrophobicity, could have widespread importance, from underwater operation to phase-change heat transfer applications.
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Ejenstam L, Swerin A, Claesson PM. Toward Superhydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane−Silica Particle Coatings. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Shi C, Cui X, Zhang X, Tchoukov P, Liu Q, Encinas N, Paven M, Geyer F, Vollmer D, Xu Z, Butt HJ, Zeng H. Interaction between Air Bubbles and Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7317-7327. [PMID: 26065326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are usually characterized by a high apparent contact angle of water drops in air. Here we analyze the inverse situation: Rather than focusing on water repellency in air, we measure the attractive interaction of air bubbles and superhydrophobic surfaces in water. Forces were measured between microbubbles with radii R of 40-90 μm attached to an atomic force microscope cantilever and submerged superhydrophobic surfaces. In addition, forces between macroscopic bubbles (R = 1.2 mm) at the end of capillaries and superhydrophobic surfaces were measured. As superhydrophobic surfaces we applied soot-templated surfaces, nanofilament surfaces, micropillar arrays with flat top faces, and decorated micropillars. Depending on the specific structure of the superhydrophobic surfaces and the presence and amount of entrapped air, different interactions were observed. Soot-templated surfaces in the Cassie state showed superaerophilic behavior: Once the electrostatic double-layer force and a hydrodynamic repulsion were overcome, bubbles jumped onto the surface and fully merged with the entrapped air. On nanofilaments and micropillar arrays we observed in addition the formation of sessile bubbles with finite contact angles below 90° or the attachment of bubbles, which retained their spherical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xin Cui
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xurui Zhang
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Plamen Tchoukov
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Noemi Encinas
- ‡Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maxime Paven
- ‡Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Geyer
- ‡Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Doris Vollmer
- ‡Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- ‡Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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31
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Rangel TC, Michels AF, Horowitz F, Weibel DE. Superomniphobic and easily repairable coatings on copper substrates based on simple immersion or spray processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3465-72. [PMID: 25714008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Textures that resemble typical fern or bracken plant species (dendrite structures) were fabricated for liquid repellency by dipping copper substrates in a single-step process in solutions containing AgNO3 or by a simple spray liquid application. Superhydrophobic surfaces were produced using a solution containing AgNO3 and trimethoxypropylsilane (TMPSi), and superomniphobic surfaces were produced by a two-step procedure, immersing the copper substrate in a AgNO3 solution and, after that, in a solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES). The simple functionalization processes can also be used when the superomniphobic surfaces were destroyed by mechanical stress. By immersion of the wrecked surfaces in the above solutions or by the spray method and soft heating, the copper substrates could be easily repaired, regenerating the surfaces' superrepellency to liquids. The micro- and nanoroughness structures generated on copper surfaces by the deposition of silver dendrites functionalized with TMPSi presented apparent contact angles greater than 150° with a contact angle hysteresis lower than 10° when water was used as the test liquid. To avoid total wettability with very low surface tension liquids, such as rapeseed oil and hexadecane, a thin perfluorinated coating of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), produced by physical vapor deposition, was used. A more efficient perfluorinated coating was obtained when PFDTES was used. The superomniphobic surfaces produced apparent contact angles above 150° with all of the tested liquids, including hexadecane, although the contact angle hysteresis with this liquid was above 10°. The coupling of dendritic structures with TMPSi/PTFE or directly by PFDTES coatings was responsible for the superrepellency of the as-prepared surfaces. These simple, fast, and reliable procedures allow the large area, and cost-effective scale fabrication of superrepellent surfaces on copper substrates for various industrial applications with the advantage of easy recovery of the surface repellency after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz C Rangel
- †Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Michels
- ‡Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15051, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- §Exact Sciences and Technology Center, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Flávio Horowitz
- ‡Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15051, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Daniel E Weibel
- †Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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