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Galembeck F, Santos LP, Burgo TAL, Galembeck A. The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2578-2602. [PMID: 38305696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is known for dissipating electrostatic charges, but it is also a universal agent of matter electrification, creating charged domains in any material contacting or containing it. This new role of water was discovered during the current century. It is proven in a fast-growing number of publications reporting direct experimental measurements of excess charge and electric potential. It is indirectly verified by its success in explaining surprising phenomena in chemical synthesis, electric power generation, metastability, and phase transition kinetics. Additionally, electrification by water is opening the way for developing green technologies that are fully compatible with the environment and have great potential to contribute to sustainability. Electrification by water shows that polyphasic matter is a charge mosaic, converging with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect, which was discovered one century ago but is still often ignored. Electrified sites in a real system are niches showing various local electrochemical potentials for the charged species. Thus, the electrified mosaics display variable chemical reactivity and mass transfer patterns. Water contributes to interfacial electrification from its singular structural, electric, mixing, adsorption, and absorption properties. A long list of previously unexpected consequences of interfacial electrification includes: "on-water" reactions of chemicals dispersed in water that defy current chemical wisdom; reactions in electrified water microdroplets that do not occur in bulk water, transforming the droplets in microreactors; and lowered surface tension of water, modifying wetting, spreading, adhesion, cohesion, and other properties of matter. Asymmetric capacitors charged by moisture and water are now promising alternative equipment for simultaneously producing electric power and green hydrogen, requiring only ambient thermal energy. Changing surface tension by interfacial electrification also modifies phase-change kinetics, eliminating metastability that is the root of catastrophic electric discharges and destructive explosions. It also changes crystal habits, producing needles and dendrites that shorten battery life. These recent findings derive from a single factor, water's ability to electrify matter, touching on the most relevant aspects of chemistry. They create tremendous scientific opportunities to understand the matter better, and a new chemistry based on electrified interfaces is now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Galembeck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, 13083-872, Campinas, Brazil.
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandra P Santos
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Andre Galembeck
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
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2
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Máthé MT, Perera K, Buka Á, Salamon P, Jákli A. Fluid Ferroelectric Filaments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305950. [PMID: 38126584 PMCID: PMC10916631 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding slender fluid filaments of room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are described. They are stabilized either by internal electric fields of bound charges formed due to polarization splay or by external voltage applied between suspending wires. The phenomenon is similar to those observed in dielectric fluids, such as deionized water, except that in ferroelectric nematic materials the voltages required are three orders of magnitudes smaller and the aspect ratio is much higher. The observed ferroelectric fluid threads are not only unique and novel but also offer measurements of basic physical quantities, such as the ferroelectric polarization and viscosity. Ferroelectric nematic fluid threads may have practical applications in nano-fluidic micron-size logic devices, switches, and relays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell T. Máthé
- Institute for Solid State Physics and OpticsWigner Research Centre for PhysicsP.O. Box 49BudapestH‐1525Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd UniversityP.O. Box 32BudapestH‐1518Hungary
| | - Kelum Perera
- Department of PhysicsKent State UniversityKentOH44242USA
| | - Ágnes Buka
- Institute for Solid State Physics and OpticsWigner Research Centre for PhysicsP.O. Box 49BudapestH‐1525Hungary
| | - Péter Salamon
- Institute for Solid State Physics and OpticsWigner Research Centre for PhysicsP.O. Box 49BudapestH‐1525Hungary
| | - Antal Jákli
- Department of PhysicsKent State UniversityKentOH44242USA
- Materials Sciences Graduate Program and Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal InstituteKent State UniversityKentOH44242USA
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3
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Perturbative vibration of the coupled hydrogen-bond (O:H-O) in water. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102809. [PMID: 36356480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation Raman spectroscopy has underscored the hydrogen bond (O:H-O or HB) cooperativity and polarizability (HBCP) for water, which offers a proper parameter space for the performance of the HB and electrons in the energy-space-time domains. The OO repulsive coupling drives the O:H-O segmental length and energy to relax cooperatively upon perturbation. Mechanical compression shortens and stiffens the O:H nonbond while lengthens and softens the HO bond associated with polarization. However, electrification by an electric field or charge injection, or molecular undercoordination at a surface, relaxes the O:H-O in a contrasting way to the compression with derivation of the supersolid phase that is viscoelastic, less dense, thermally diffusive, and mechanically and thermally more stable. The HO bond exhibits negative thermal expansivity in the liquid and the ice-I phase while its length responds in proportional to temperature in the quasisolid phase. The O:H-O relaxation modifies the mass densities, phase boundaries, critical temperatures and the polarization endows the slipperiness of ice and superfluidity of water at the nanometer scale. Protons injection by acid solvation creates the H↔H anti-HB and introduction of electron lone pairs derives the O:⇔:O super-HB into the solutions of base or H2O2 hydrogen-peroxide. The repulsive H↔H and O:⇔:O interactions lengthen the solvent HO bond while the solute HO bond contracts because its bond order loss. Differential phonon spectroscopy quantifies the abundance, structure order, and stiffness of the bonds transiting from the mode of pristine water to the perturbed states. The HBCP and the perturbative spectroscopy have enabled the dynamic potentials for the relaxing O:H-O bond. Findings not only amplified the power of the Raman spectroscopy but also substantiated the understanding of anomalies of water subjecting to perturbation.
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Meng S, Tang C, Yang J, Yang M, Yang W. A Wave-Driven Piezoelectrical Film for Interfacial Steam Generation: Beyond the Limitation of Hydrogel. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204187. [PMID: 36216571 PMCID: PMC9685475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar interfacial vapor generation based on low evaporation energy requirements is an effective technology to speed up water purification under natural sunlight, offering great potential to alleviate the current global water crisis. The external electric field and hydrogel are two independent methods enabling low-energy water evaporation. However, the complicated external equipment for generating an electric field and the restricted activation area of hydrogels significantly limit their practical application in steam generation. Thus, a piezoelectric fiber membrane is embedded into a highly hydratable light-absorbing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel for synergistic water activation. The integrated evaporator is capable of continuously converting the wave energy reserved in the ocean into electrical energy, activating the water in the hydrogel. It is found that the activation effect leads to an improvement of over 23% compared to a non-piezoelectric hydrogel evaporator. This work provides an evaporation prototype based on the synergistic water activation of wave-triggered electricity and highly hydratable hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Meng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Yan Tang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringChengduSichuan610065P. R. China
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Wang L, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Yuan J, Liu Y, Ge W, Lin S, An Q, Feng Z. Synergistically active piezoelectrical H2O2 production composite film achieved from catalytically inert PVDF-HFP matrix and SiO2 fillers. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200278. [PMID: 35596666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Local and decentralized H 2 O 2 production via piezoelectrical process promise smart biological utilization as well as environmental benefits. However, stable, bio/environmental- safe, and easily applied H 2 O 2 generation materials are still lacking. Here we report a novel flexible H 2 O 2 generation polymeric film composed of catalytically inert PVDF-HFP (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)) matrix and SiO 2 nanoparticle fillers. The film is bio-/environmentally benign at resting states, but effectively produces H 2 O 2 upon ultrasonic motivation at a production rate of 492 μmol [[EQUATION]] in one hour. Experimental and simulation methods in combination indicate that the effective H 2 O 2 generation capabilities stem from the synergistic existence of piezoelectrical fields and the air-liquid-solid three-phase regions around the porous film. The chemical conversions are motivated by the adsorbed charges. The silicon hydroxyl groups properly stabilize the *OOH intermediate and facilitate the chemical conversions of 2e - ORR of ambient O 2 . We expect the report to inspire H 2 O 2 piezoelectrical generation materials and promote the novel production strategies of H 2 O 2 as well as piezoelectrical functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Wang
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yihe Zhang
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, CHINA
| | - Chao Liu
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Jinpeng Yuan
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yulun Liu
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Weiyi Ge
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Sen Lin
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of Materials Science and Technology, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Qi An
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, School of materials sciences and engineering, 29th Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Zeguo Feng
- The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Department of Pain, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
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Javitt LF, Curland S, Weissbuch I, Ehre D, Lahav M, Lubomirsky I. Chemical Nature of Heterogeneous Electrofreezing of Supercooled Water Revealed on Polar (Pyroelectric) Surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1383-1394. [PMID: 35504292 PMCID: PMC9118552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The ability to control the icing temperature
of supercooled water
(SCW) is of supreme importance in subfields of pure and applied sciences.
The ice freezing of SCW can be influenced heterogeneously by electric
effects, a process known as electrofreezing. This effect was first
discovered during the 19th century; however, its mechanism is still
under debate. In this Account we demonstrate, by capitalizing on the
properties of polar crystals, that heterogeneous electrofreezing of
SCW is a chemical process influenced by an electric field and specific
ions. Polar crystals possess a net dipole moment. In addition, they
are pyroelectric, displaying short-lived surface charges at their
hemihedral faces at the two poles of the crystals as a result of temperature
changes. Accordingly, during cooling or heating, an electric field
is created, which is negated by the attraction of compensating charges
from the environment. This process had an impact in the following
experiments. The icing temperatures of SCW within crevices of polar
crystals are higher in comparison to icing temperatures within crevices
of nonpolar analogs. The role played by the electric effect was extricated
from other effects by the performance of icing experiments on the
surfaces of pyroelectric quasi-amorphous SrTiO3. During
those studies it was found that on positively charged surfaces the
icing temperature of SCW is elevated, whereas on negatively charged
surfaces it is reduced. Following investigations discovered that the
icing temperature of SCW is impacted by an ionic current created within
a hydrated layer on top of hydrophilic faces residing parallel to
the polar axes of the crystals. In the absence of such current on
analogous hydrophobic surfaces, the pyroelectric effect does not influence
the icing temperature of SCW. Those results implied that electrofreezing
of SCW is a process influenced by specific compensating ions attracted
by the pyroelectric field from the aqueous solution. When freezing
experiments are performed in an open atmosphere, bicarbonate and hydronium
ions, created by the dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in
water, influence the icing temperature. The bicarbonate ions, when
attracted by positively charged pyroelectric surfaces, elevate the
icing temperature, whereas their counterparts, hydronium ions, when
attracted by the negatively charged surfaces reduce the icing temperature.
Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that bicarbonate ions, concentrated
within the near positively charged interfacial layer, self-assemble
with water molecules to create stabilized slightly distorted “ice-like”
hexagonal assemblies which mimic the hexagons of the crystals of ice.
This occurs by replacing, within those ice-like hexagons, two hydrogen
bonds of water by C–O bonds of the HCO3– ion. On the basis of these simulations, it was predicted and experimentally
confirmed that other trigonal planar ions such as NO3–, guanidinium+, and the quasi-hexagonal
biguanidinium+ ion elevate the icing temperature. These
ions were coined as “ice makers”. Other ions including
hydronium, Cl–, and SO4–2 interfere with the formation of ice-like assemblies and operate
as “ice breakers”. The higher icing temperatures induced
within the crevices of the hydrophobic polar crystals in comparison
to the nonpolar analogs can be attributed to the proton ordering of
the water molecules. In contrast, the icing temperatures on related
hydrophilic surfaces are influenced both by compensating charges and
by proton ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fuhrman Javitt
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sofia Curland
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Isabelle Weissbuch
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Ehre
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Meir Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Igor Lubomirsky
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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7
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Li L, Sun W, Tong Z, Bo M, Ken Ostrikov K, Huang Y, Sun CQ. Discriminative ionic polarizability of alkali halide solutions: Hydration cells, bond distortion, surface stress, and viscosity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shen Y, Wei X, Wang Y, Shen Y, Li L, Huang Y, Ostrikov KK, Sun CQ. Energy absorbancy and freezing-temperature tunability of NaCl solutions during ice formation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fei J, Ding B, Koh SW, Ge J, Wang X, Lee L, Sun Z, Yao M, Chen Y, Gao H, Li H. Mechanistic Investigation of Electrostatic Field-Enhanced Water Evaporation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100875. [PMID: 34309229 PMCID: PMC8456210 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on external electrostatic field (EEF)-enhanced liquid water evaporation have been reported decades ago, which suggest that molecular alignment and polarization tuned by EEF accelerating the phase change process could be responsible for EEF-enhanced water evaporation. However, a detailed study revealing the role of EEF in altering the intermolecular and intramolecular water structure is lacking. Herein, an EEF is proved to tune water state by accelerating the thermal movement of water molecules, lowering the molecular escaping energy, and loosening the hydrogen bond structure. The detailed mechanisms and field interactions (heat and electrostatic) are investigated by in situ Raman characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations, which reveal that an EEF can effectively reduce the free energy barrier of water evaporation and then increase the evaporated water molecule flux. As a proof of concept, an EEF is integrated into an interfacial two-dimentional solar steam generator, enhancing the efficiency by up to 15.6%. Similar to a catalyst lowing activation energy and enhancing kinetics of a chemical reaction, the EEF enhances water state tuning, lowers evaporation enthalpy, and then boosts steam generation rate with negligible additional energy consumption, which can serve as a generic method for water evaporation enhancement in water harvesting, purification, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Fei
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Bin Ding
- Institute of Solid MechanicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Institute of High Performance ComputingA*STARSingapore138632Singapore
| | - See Wee Koh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Junyu Ge
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Xingli Wang
- School of Electric and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Liquan Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zixu Sun
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Mengqi Yao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Yonghao Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- Institute of High Performance ComputingA*STARSingapore138632Singapore
| | - Hong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- School of Electric and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALESUMI 3288Research Techno PlazaSingapore637553Singapore
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Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Feng W, Jin L, Yang X, Wang Y, Sun CQ, Wang Z. A short-range disordered defect in the double layer ice. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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