1
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Azoulay A, Aloni SS, Xing L, Tashakory A, Mastai Y, Shalom M. Polymeric Carbon Nitride with Chirality Inherited from Supramolecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311389. [PMID: 37581951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of chiral materials is of paramount importance for various applications. Supramolecular preorganization of monomers for thermal polymerization has been proven as an effective tool to synthesize carbon and carbon nitride-based (CN) materials with ordered morphology and controlled properties. However, the transfer of an intrinsic chemical property, such as chirality from supramolecular assemblies to the final material after thermal condensation, was not shown. Here, we report the large-scale synthesis of chiral CN materials capable of enantioselective recognition. To achieve this, we designed supramolecular assemblies with a chiral center that remains intact at elevated temperatures. The optimized chiral CN demonstrates an enantiomeric preference of ca. 14 %; CN electrodes were also prepared and show stereoselective interactions with enantiomeric probes in electrochemical measurements. By adding chirality to the properties transferrable from monomers to the final product of a thermal polymerization, this study confirms the potential of using supramolecular precursors to produce carbon and CN materials and electrodes with designed chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Azoulay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Sapir Shekef Aloni
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Lidan Xing
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ayelet Tashakory
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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2
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Sportelli G, Grando G, Bevilacqua M, Filippini G, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Photocatalyst for the Direct Formylation of Anilines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301718. [PMID: 37439718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) for the photocatalytic radical formylation of anilines, which represents a more sustainable and attractive alternative to the currently used approaches, is reported herein. Our operationally simple method occurs under mild conditions, employing air as an oxidant. In particular, the chemistry is driven by the ability of g-CN to reach an electronically excited state upon visible-light absorption, which has a suitable potential energy to trigger the formation of reactive α-amino radical species from anilines. Mechanistic investigations also proved the key role of the g-CN to form reactive superoxide radicals from O2 via single electron transfer. Importantly, this photocatalytic transformation provides a variety of functionalized formamides (15 examples, up to 89 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sportelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaia Grando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Bevilacqua
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM-CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Energy, Environment and, Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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3
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Recent advances in the use of graphitic carbon nitride-based composites for the electrochemical detection of hazardous contaminants. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Lin H, Xiao Y, Geng A, Bi H, Xu X, Xu X, Zhu J. Research Progress on Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Metal Oxide Composites: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12979. [PMID: 36361768 PMCID: PMC9658189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been reported for several decades, it is still an active material at the present time owing to its amazing properties exhibited in many applications, including photocatalysis. With the rapid development of characterization techniques, in-depth exploration has been conducted to reveal and utilize the natural properties of g-C3N4 through modifications. Among these, the assembly of g-C3N4 with metal oxides is an effective strategy which can not only improve electron-hole separation efficiency by forming a polymer-inorganic heterojunction, but also compensate for the redox capabilities of g-C3N4 owing to the varied oxidation states of metal ions, enhancing its photocatalytic performance. Herein, we summarized the research progress on the synthesis of g-C3N4 and its coupling with single- or multiple-metal oxides, and its photocatalytic applications in energy production and environmental protection, including the splitting of water to hydrogen, the reduction of CO2 to valuable fuels, the degradation of organic pollutants and the disinfection of bacteria. At the end, challenges and prospects in the synthesis and photocatalytic application of g-C3N4-based composites are proposed and an outlook is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junjiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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5
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Esen C, Kumru B. Photocatalyst-Incorporated Cross-Linked Porous Polymer Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Aerospace Structures and Materials Department, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Coral-like potassium and phosphorous doped graphitic carbon nitride structures with enhanced charge and mass transfer dynamics toward photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production and microbial disinfection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:326-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Kumru B, Giusto P, Antonietti M. Carbon nitride‐coated transparent glass vials as photoinitiators for radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
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8
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Zhang H, Liu J, Jiang L. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on carbon nitride and organic semiconductors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:322001. [PMID: 35447618 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac68f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) presents a promising way to solve the global energy crisis. Metal-free carbon nitride (CN) and organic semiconductors photocatalysts have drawn intense interests due to their fascinating properties such as tunable molecular structure, electronic states, strong visible-light absorption, low-cost etc. In this paper, the recent progresses of photocatalytic hydrogen production based on organic photocatalysts, including CN, linear polymers, conjugated porous polymers and small molecules, are reviewed, with emphasis on the various strategies to improve PHE efficiency. Finally, the possible future research trends in the organic photocatalysts are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Bi S. Two-Dimensional Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040254. [PMID: 35448314 PMCID: PMC9026491 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional quantum dots (2D-QDs) derived from two-dimensional sheets have received increasing interest owing to their unique properties, such as large specific surface areas, abundant active sites, good aqueous dispersibility, excellent electrical property, easy functionalization, and so on. A variety of 2D-QDs have been developed based on different materials including graphene, black phosphorus, nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides, and MXenes. These 2D-QDs share some common features due to the quantum confinement effects and they also possess unique properties owing to their structural differences. In this review, we discuss the categories, properties, and synthetic routes of these 2D-QDs and emphasize their applications in electrochemical biosensors. We deeply hope that this review not only stimulates more interest in 2D-QDs, but also promotes further development and applications of 2D-QDs in various research fields.
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10
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Grigorian G, Konkol I, Cenian A. In Situ Analyses of Surface-Layer Composition of CxNy Thin Films Using Methods Based on Penning Ionization Processes-Introductory Investigations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7812. [PMID: 34947406 PMCID: PMC8707124 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride materials have received much attention due to their excellent tribological, mechanical and optical properties. It was found that these qualities depend on the N/C ratio; therefore, the possibility to control it in situ in the sputtered film is of high importance. The plasma-electron spectroscopy method based on the Penning ionization process analysis is developed here to control this ratio in CNx films produced by plasma-sputtering in a pulsed-periodic regime of glow discharge. The electron energy distribution function is determined by the means of a single Langmuir probe placed in the center of the discharge tube. The mixture N2:CH4:He was used in the process of sputtering. The applied concentrations of CH4 varied in the range of 2-8%, and He concentration was 80-90%. The gas pressure in the discharge tube used for sputtering varied between 1 and 10 Torr, and the current was between 10 and 50 mA. It was shown that the proposed method enables the extraction of information on the composition of the surface layer of the investigated film and the development of an on-line inspection, without extracting the film from the sputtering chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Grigorian
- Physics Department, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Izabela Konkol
- Physical Aspects of Eco Energy Department, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adam Cenian
- Physical Aspects of Eco Energy Department, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland;
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11
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Stroyuk O, Raievska O, Zahn DRT. Single-layer carbon nitride: synthesis, structure, photophysical/photochemical properties, and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20745-20764. [PMID: 34542127 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective provides a critical summary of the current state of the art in the synthesis and properties of polyheptazine single-layer carbon nitride (SLCN). The summary combines the authors' research and literature reports on SLCN concerning the synthesis of single-layer polyheptazine sheets, light absorption and emission by SLCN, photochemical and photocatalytic properties of SLCN as well as examples of applications of SLCN sheets as "building blocks" in heterostructures with nanocrystalline semiconductors and metals. The Perspective is concluded with an outlook discussing the most promising directions for further studies and applications of SLCN and related composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oleksandra Raievska
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. .,Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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12
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Mazzanti S, Manfredi G, Barker AJ, Antonietti M, Savateev A, Giusto P. Carbon Nitride Thin Films as All-In-One Technology for Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli 70, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alex J. Barker
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli 70, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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13
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Oxidative Photopolymerization of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) via Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Modular Toolbox for Attaining PEDOT**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Esen C, Kumru B. Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1323-1334. [PMID: 34136012 PMCID: PMC8182687 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a special class of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers with a high water content through their porous structures. Post-modifications of hydrogels propose an attractive platform so that a variety of fresh functions, which are not arising from initial monomers, could be accessible on a parental network. Photoinduced post-modification of hydrogels by embedding semiconductor nanosheets would be of high interest and novelty. Here, a metal-free semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-embedded hydrogel as an initial network was synthesized via redox-couple initiation under dark conditions. Post-photomodification of so-formed hydrogel, thanks to the photoactivity of the embedded g-CN nanosheets, was exemplified in two scenarios. The synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogel' is reported and its application in delayed cation delivery was investigated. Furthermore, pores of the initial hydrogel were modified by the formation of a secondary polymer network. Such a facile and straightforward synthetic protocol to manufacture functional soft materials will be of high interest in near future by the means of catalysis and agricultural delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Esen C, Antonietti M, Kumru B. Upgrading poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads: Incorporation of organomodified
metal‐free
semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride through suspension photopolymerization to generate photoactive resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam Germany
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16
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Li J, Karjule N, Qin J, Wang Y, Barrio J, Shalom M. Low-Temperature Synthesis of Solution Processable Carbon Nitride Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:1646. [PMID: 33809488 PMCID: PMC8000294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nitride materials require high temperatures (>500 °C) for their preparation, which entails substantial energy consumption. Furthermore, the high reaction temperature limits the materials' processability and the control over their elemental composition. Therefore, alternative synthetic pathways that operate under milder conditions are still very much sought after. In this work, we prepared semiconductive carbon nitride (CN) polymers at low temperatures (300 °C) by carrying out the thermal condensation of triaminopyrimidine and acetoguanamine under a N2 atmosphere. These molecules are isomers: they display the same chemical formula but a different spatial distribution of their elements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments and electrochemical and photophysical characterization confirm that the initial spatial organization strongly determines the chemical composition and electronic structure of the materials, which, thanks to the preservation of functional groups in their surface, display excellent processability in liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Neeta Karjule
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiani Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (J.L.); (N.K.); (J.Q.); (Y.W.)
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17
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Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye with Activated Hydrotalcites and Copper Anode. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalysis is a novel technique that combines heterogeneous photocatalysis with the application of an electric field to the system through electrodes for the degradation of organic contaminants in aqueous systems, mainly of toxic dyes. The efficiency of these combined processes depends on the semiconductor properties of the catalysts, as well as on the anodic capacity of the electrode. In this study, we propose the use of active hydrotalcites in the degradation of Congo red dye through processes assisted by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and electric current. Our research focused on evaluating the degradation capacity of Congo red by means of photolysis, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis, as well as identifying the effect of the properties of the active hydrotalcites in these processes. The results show that a maximum degradation was reached with the photoelectrocatalysis process with active hydrotalcites and a copper anode at 6 h with 95% in a half-life of 0.36 h. The degradation is favored by the attack of the OH• radicals under double bonds in the diazo groups where the electrode produces Cu2+ ions, and with the photogenerated electrons, the recombination speed of the electron–hole in the hydrotalcite catalyst is reduced until the complete degradation.
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18
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Cao Q, Amini S, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Molding and Encoding Carbon Nitride-Containing Edible Oil Liquid Objects via Interfacial Toughening in Waterborne Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4643-4651. [PMID: 33463148 PMCID: PMC7877700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge interaction-driven jamming of nanoparticle monolayers at the oil-water interface can be employed as a method to mold liquids into tailored stable 3D liquid objects. Here, 3D liquid objects are fabricated via a combination of biocompatible aqueous poly(vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution and a colloidal dispersion of highly fluorescent organo-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in edible sunflower oil. The as-formed liquid object shows stability in a broad pH range, as well as flexible pathways for efficient exchange of molecules at the liquid-liquid interphase, which allows for photodegradation of rhodamine B at the interface via visible light irradiation that also enables an encoding concept. The g-C3N4-based liquid objects point toward various applications, for example, all-liquid biphasic photocatalysis, artificial compartmentalized systems, liquid-liquid printing, or bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U.K.
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19
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Giusto P, Arazoe H, Cruz D, Lova P, Heil T, Aida T, Antonietti M. Boron Carbon Nitride Thin Films: From Disordered to Ordered Conjugated Ternary Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20883-20891. [PMID: 33245855 PMCID: PMC7735703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
present an innovative method for the synthesis of boron carbon nitride
thin film materials in a simple furnace setup, using commonly available
solid precursors and relatively low temperature compared to previous
attempts. The as-prepared structural and optical properties of thin
films are tuned via the precursor content, leading to a sp2-conjugated boron nitride–carbon nitride mixed material, instead
of the commonly reported boron nitride–graphene phase segregation,
with tunable optical properties such as band gap and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Hiroki Arazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Mülheim 45470, Germany
| | - Paola Lova
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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