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Lorusso V, Orsi D, Vaccari M, Ravera F, Santini E, Chondrou AP, Kostoglou M, Karapantsios TD, McMillin R, Ferri JK, Vincent-Bonnieu S, Liggieri L, Cristofolini L. Intrinsic dynamics of emulsions: Experiments in microgravity on the International Space Station. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:231-243. [PMID: 39089129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In order to understand the basic mechanisms affecting emulsion stability, the intrinsic dynamics of the drop population must be investigated. We hypothesize that transient ballistic motion can serve as a marker of interactions between drops. In 1G conditions, buoyancy-induced drop motion obscures these interactions. The microgravity condition onboard the International Space Station enable this investigation. EXPERIMENTS We performed Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) experiments in the ESA Soft Matter Dynamics (SMD) facility. We used Monte Carlo simulations of photon trajectory to support data analysis. The analysis framework was validated by ground-based characterizations of the initial drop size distribution (DSD) and the properties of the oil/water interface in the presence of surfactant. FINDINGS We characterized the drop size distribution and found to be bi-disperse. Drop dynamics shows transient ballistic features at early times, reaching a stationary regime of primarily diffusion-dominated motion. This suggests different ageing mechanisms: immediately after emulsification, the main mechanism is coalescence or aggregation between small drops. However at later times, ageing proceeds via coalescence or aggregation of small with large drops in some emulsions. Our results elucidate new processes relevant to emulsion stability with potential impact on industrial processes on Earth, as well as enabling technologies for space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lorusso
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy
| | - D Orsi
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy
| | - M Vaccari
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy
| | - F Ravera
- CNR- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, Unit of Genova, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - E Santini
- CNR- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, Unit of Genova, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - A P Chondrou
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - M Kostoglou
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - T D Karapantsios
- Department of Chemical Technology and Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - R McMillin
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - J K Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States
| | - S Vincent-Bonnieu
- ESA/ESTEC, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - L Liggieri
- CNR- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, Unit of Genova, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - L Cristofolini
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43123 Parma, Italy.
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McMillin RE, Nowaczyk J, Centofanti K, Bragg J, Tansi BM, Remias JE, Ferri JK. Effect of small molecule surfactant structure on the stability of water-in-lubricating oil emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:825-835. [PMID: 37619261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
During automotive engine operation, water may contaminate engine oil, inhibiting its role in maintaining safe engine operation. In many cases, engine oil must be capable of emulsifying any water contamination to avoid such problems. This study focuses on the impact of small molecule surfactant concentration structure and concentration in emulsions comprised of engine oil, water, and E85 fuel to understand the effects on emulsion stability and formulation optimization. Three small molecule surfacatants were tested; glycerol dioleate (GDO), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), and oleamide (OA). Three characterization methods were used to investigate their effects; the current state of the art, ASTM D7563, microscopy, and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). We found that DWS could yield insights into mechanisms of emulsion stability that are otherwise inaccessible through other experimental techniques. Specifically, utilizing DWS, we are able to extract specific emulsion stability mechanisms associated directly with molecular features for the three surfactants examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E McMillin
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Jordan Nowaczyk
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Katie Centofanti
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Jessica Bragg
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | | | | | - James K Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
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3
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Badruddoza AZM, Yeoh T, Shah JC, Walsh T. Assessing and Predicting Physical Stability of Emulsion-Based Topical Semisolid Products: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1772-1793. [PMID: 36966902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The emulsion-based topical semisolid dosage forms present a high degree of complexity due to their microstructures which is apparent from their compositions comprising at least two immiscible liquid phases, often times of high viscosity. These complex microstructures are thermodynamically unstable, and the physical stability of such preparations is governed by formulation parameters such as phase volume ratio, type of emulsifiers and their concentration, HLB value of the emulsifier, as well as by process parameters such as homogenizer speed, time, temperature etc. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the microstructure in the DP and critical factors that influence the stability of emulsions is essential to ensure the quality and shelf-life of emulsion-based topical semisolid products. This review aims to provide an overview of the main strategies used to stabilize pharmaceutical emulsions contained in semisolid products and various characterization techniques and tools that have been utilized so far to evaluate their long-term stability. Accelerated physical stability assessment using dispersion analyzer tools such as an analytical centrifuge to predict the product shelf-life has been discussed. In addition, mathematical modeling for phase separation rate for non-Newtonian systems like semisolid emulsion products has also been discussed to guide formulation scientists to predict a priori stability of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Thean Yeoh
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jaymin C Shah
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Taylor Walsh
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Professional Scientific Services, 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
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4
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Zn-doped titania nanoparticles as building blocks for solid foam filters of water and air via photocatalytic oxidation. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dinache A, Pascu ML, Smarandache A. Spectral Properties of Foams and Emulsions. Molecules 2021; 26:7704. [PMID: 34946785 PMCID: PMC8707813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical and spectral properties of foams and emulsions provide information about their micro-/nanostructures, chemical and time stability and molecular data of their components. Foams and emulsions are collections of different kinds of bubbles or drops with particular properties. A summary of various surfactant and emulsifier types is performed here, as well as an overview of methods for producing foams and emulsions. Absorption, reflectance, and vibrational spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy) studies are detailed in connection with the spectral characterization techniques of colloidal systems. Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) data for foams and emulsions are likewise introduced. The utility of spectroscopic approaches has grown as processing power and analysis capabilities have improved. In addition, lasers offer advantages due to the specific properties of the emitted beams which allow focusing on very small volumes and enable accurate, fast, and high spatial resolution sample characterization. Emulsions and foams provide exceptional sensitive bases for measuring low concentrations of molecules down to the level of traces using spectroscopy techniques, thus opening new horizons in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Dinache
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania; (A.D.); (M.-L.P.)
| | - Mihail-Lucian Pascu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania; (A.D.); (M.-L.P.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Adriana Smarandache
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania; (A.D.); (M.-L.P.)
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Born P, Braibanti M, Cristofolini L, Cohen-Addad S, Durian DJ, Egelhaaf SU, Escobedo-Sánchez MA, Höhler R, Karapantsios TD, Langevin D, Liggieri L, Pasquet M, Rio E, Salonen A, Schröter M, Sperl M, Sütterlin R, Zuccolotto-Bernez AB. Soft matter dynamics: A versatile microgravity platform to study dynamics in soft matter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:124503. [PMID: 34972443 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe an experiment container with light scattering and imaging diagnostics for experiments on soft matter aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The suite of measurement capabilities can be used to study different materials in exchangeable sample cell units. The currently available sample cell units and future possibilities for foams, granular media, and emulsions are presented in addition to an overview of the design and the diagnostics of the experiment container. First results from measurements performed on ground and during the commissioning aboard the ISS highlight the capabilities of the experiment container to study the different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - M Braibanti
- HE Space Operations BV for ESA, NL-2200AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - L Cristofolini
- CNR - Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy Unit of Genoa, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - S Cohen-Addad
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S U Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M A Escobedo-Sánchez
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Höhler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T D Karapantsios
- Department of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Langevin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Liggieri
- CNR - Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy Unit of Genoa, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - M Pasquet
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E Rio
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Salonen
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Schröter
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - R Sütterlin
- Department TESXS Science Systems Engineering, Airbus Defence and Space, Claude Dornier Str., 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - A B Zuccolotto-Bernez
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Effect of width/height of the gap between piston and wall on the performance of a novel small volume emulsification device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perazzo A, Gallier S, Liuzzi R, Guido S, Caserta S. Quantitative methods to detect phospholipids at the oil-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102392. [PMID: 33740709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the main constituents of cell membranes and act as natural stabilizers of milk fat globules. Phospholipids are used in a wide range of applications, e.g. as emulsifiers in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food products. While processed emulsion droplets are usually stabilized by a monolayer of phospholipids, cell membranes have a phospholipid bilayer structure and milk fat globules are stabilized by a complex phospholipid trilayer membrane. Despite the broad relevance of phospholipids, there are still many scientific challenges in understanding how their behavior at the fluid-fluid interface affects microstructure, stability, and physico-chemical properties of natural and industrial products. Most of these challenges arise from the experimental difficulties related to the investigation of the molecular arrangement of phospholipids in situ at the fluid-fluid interface and the quantification of their partitioning between the bulk phase and the interface, both under static and flow conditions. This task is further complicated by the presence of other surface-active components, such as proteins, that can interact with phospholipids and compete for space at the interface. Here, we review the methodologies available from the literature to detect and quantify phospholipids, focusing on oil-water interfaces, and highlight current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Perazzo
- Novaflux Inc., 1 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, United States; Advanced BioDevices LLC., 1 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, United States
| | - Sophie Gallier
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (N.Z.) Limited, 18 Gallagher Drive, PO Box 1398, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Roberta Liuzzi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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