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Liu Z, Zhou M, Liao W, Liu J, Luo C, Lu C, Chen Z, Zhu H. Fertilizer-Holding Performance of Graphene on Soil Colloids Based on Double Electric Layer Theory. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2578. [PMID: 37048872 PMCID: PMC10095158 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient loss, which leads to low plant utilization, has become an urgent issue. Graphene can improve soil fertilizer-holding properties given its small size effect, strong adsorption properties, and large specific surface area. Herein, different amounts of graphene were added to soil samples to study its effect on soil nutrient retention and growth of pepper seedlings. The colloidal double electric layer theory forms the basis for an analysis of variations in soil nutrient concentration through measurements of the zeta potential, which is affected by variations in ion concentrations in soil colloids. We measured the zeta potential of graphene and soil mixed colloids and found that graphene could increase the concentration of nutrient ions in soil colloids. In addition, graphene reduced the loss of nutrients; increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and fast-acting potassium in the soil after leaching; and enhanced the stability of soil aggregates after leaching. In addition, pepper seedlings grown under graphene treatment for 60 days outperformed seedlings grown without graphene treatment, in terms of plant height and nutrient content. This study demonstrates that the addition of graphene to soil can reduce nutrient loss and promote fertility and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Guangxi Tsinglube New Material Technology Co., Ltd., 279 Feilu Avenue, Luzhai County, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Guangxi Earthmoving Machinery Collaborative Innovation Center, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Guangxi Tsinglube New Material Technology Co., Ltd., 279 Feilu Avenue, Luzhai County, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Wufang Liao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Luzhai County, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Guangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Chaogui Luo
- Guangxi Tsinglube New Material Technology Co., Ltd., 279 Feilu Avenue, Luzhai County, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Laibin Xingbin District Agriculture Technology Popularizing Station, Laibin 546100, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang Y, Si Y, Yang S, Singh RP. Study on Flow Distribution Pattern and Conductivity of Porous Media in Bioretention Cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12740-12754. [PMID: 34747297 PMCID: PMC8809911 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the long-term performance of bioretention cell (BRC), a study was undertaken to assess the flow distribution and conductivity. Despite initial conductivity of the original medium being the common predictor of hydraulic performance, most of the BRCs are affected by conductivity variations during actual operation. This happen due to the fact that microbial behavior plays an important role in the conductivity variations. This linkage may occur when bacteria as inert colloids transports between particles and biodegrades dissolved pollutants, either promoting or retarding flow distribution and conductivity in BRC. Flow distribution was determined by numerical simulation and tracer test, and the correlation between conductivity and flow distribution was revealed by conductivity experiment coupled with flow distribution analysis. Results revealed a non-uniform flow distribution in BRC, and seepage flow in submerged zone was virtually impossible push flow. Conductivity had an inversely proportional relationship with hydraulic efficiency where hydraulic efficiency reached the highest value (0.297) under a low hydraulic conductivity (0.000107 m/s, approximately K/Kini = 0.79). Primary cause of hydraulic capacity reduction was the initial permeability decrease due to medium structure changes. Results revealed a sharp upward trend followed by a slight decrease, and then, stabilized to a stable infiltration stage. Permeation process of sewage influent was similar to the one of potable water where the permeability reduced to 0.000102 m/s after 450 h and declined continuously. Thus, it is clear that flow distribution and conductivity in bioretention must be estimated more accurately on a microscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.,Western Engineering Research Center of Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Yunmei Si
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
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