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Hashemi-Afzal F, Fallahi H, Bagheri F, Collins MN, Eslaminejad MB, Seitz H. Advancements in hydrogel design for articular cartilage regeneration: A comprehensive review. Bioact Mater 2025; 43:1-31. [PMID: 39318636 PMCID: PMC11418067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review paper explores the cutting-edge advancements in hydrogel design for articular cartilage regeneration (CR). Articular cartilage (AC) defects are a common occurrence worldwide that can lead to joint breakdown at a later stage of the disease, necessitating immediate intervention to prevent progressive degeneration of cartilage. Decades of research into the biomedical applications of hydrogels have revealed their tremendous potential, particularly in soft tissue engineering, including CR. Hydrogels are highly tunable and can be designed to meet the key criteria needed for a template in CR. This paper aims to identify those criteria, including the hydrogel components, mechanical properties, biodegradability, structural design, and integration capability with the adjacent native tissue and delves into the benefits that CR can obtain through appropriate design. Stratified-structural hydrogels that emulate the native cartilage structure, as well as the impact of environmental stimuli on the regeneration outcome, have also been discussed. By examining recent advances and emerging techniques, this paper offers valuable insights into developing effective hydrogel-based therapies for AC repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Hashemi-Afzal
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran
| | - Hooman Fallahi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- School of Engineering, Bernal Institute and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 16635-148, Iran
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Shu K, Huang YX, Yu JB, Yang X, Luo MD, Chen XP. A synergistic enhancement strategy for mechanical and conductive properties of hydrogels with dual ionically cross-linked κ-carrageenan/poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) network. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122638. [PMID: 39245503 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Applying conductive hydrogels in electronic skin, health monitoring, and wearable devices has aroused great research interest. Yet, it remains a significant challenge to prepare conductive hydrogels simultaneously with superior mechanical, self-recovery, and conductivity performance. Herein, a dual ionically cross-linked double network (DN) hydrogel is fabricated based on K+ and Fe3+ ion cross-linked κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) and Fe3+ ion cross-linked poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) P(AANa-co-AM). Benefiting from the abundance of hydrogen bonds and metal coordination bonds, the conductive hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties (fracture strain up to 1420 %, fracture stress up to 2.30 MPa, and toughness up to 20.63 MJ/m3) and good self-recovery performance (the recovery rate of the toughness can reach 85 % after waiting for 1 h). Meanwhile, due to the introduction of dual metal ions of K+ and Fe3+, the ionic conductivity of conductive hydrogel is up to 1.42 S/m. Furthermore, the hydrogel strain sensor has good sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of 2.41 (0-100 %). It can be a wearable sensor that monitors different human motions, such as sit-ups. This work offers a new synergistic strategy for designing a hydrogel strain sensor with high mechanical, self-recovery, and conductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku Shu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400,044, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Jia-Bing Yu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400,044, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400,044, China
| | - Mei-Dan Luo
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400,044, China
| | - Xian-Ping Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400,044, China.
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3
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McClements DJ. Composite hydrogels assembled from food-grade biopolymers: Fabrication, properties, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103278. [PMID: 39153416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Biopolymer hydrogels have a broad range of applications as soft materials in a variety of commercial products, including foods, cosmetics, agrochemicals, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical products. They consist of a network of entangled or crosslinked biopolymer molecules that traps relatively large quantities of water and provides semi-solid properties, like viscoelasticity or plasticity. Composite biopolymer hydrogels contain inclusions (fillers) to enhance their functional properties, including solid particles, liquid droplets, gas bubbles, nanofibers, or biological cells. These fillers vary in their composition, size, shape, rheology, and surface properties, which influences their impact on the rheological properties of the biopolymer hydrogels. In this article, the various types of biopolymers used to fabricate composite hydrogels are reviewed, with an emphasis on edible proteins and polysaccharides from sustainable sources, such as plants, algae, or microbial fermentation. The different kinds of gelling mechanism exhibited by these biopolymers are then discussed, including heat-, cold-, ion-, pH-, enzyme-, and pressure-set mechanisms. The different ways that biopolymer molecules can organize themselves in single and mixed biopolymer hydrogels are then highlighted, including polymeric, particulate, interpenetrating, phase-separated, and co-gelling systems. The impacts of incorporating fillers on the rheological properties of composite biopolymer hydrogels are then discussed, including mathematical models that have been developed to describe these effects. Finally, potential applications of composite biopolymer hydrogels are presented, including as delivery systems, packaging materials, artificial tissues, wound healing materials, meat analogs, filters, and adsorbents. The information provided in this article is intended to stimulate further research into the development and application of composite biopolymer hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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4
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Wang Z, Xu L, Liu W, Chen Y, Yang Q, Tang Z, Tan H, Li N, Du J, Yu M, Xu J. Tough, self-healing, adhesive double network conductive hydrogel based on gelatin-polyacrylamide covalently bridged by oxidized sodium alginate for durable wearable sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133802. [PMID: 38992552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Pursuing high-performance conductive hydrogels is still hot topic in development of advanced flexible wearable devices. Herein, a tough, self-healing, adhesive double network (DN) conductive hydrogel (named as OSA-(Gelatin/PAM)-Ca, O-(G/P)-Ca) was prepared by bridging gelatin and polyacrylamide network with functionalized polysaccharide (oxidized sodium alginate, OSA) through Schiff base reaction. Thanks to the presence of multiple interactions (Schiff base bond, hydrogen bond, and metal coordination) within the network, the prepared hydrogel showed outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strain of 2800 % and stress of 630 kPa), high conductivity (0.72 S/m), repeatable adhesion performance and excellent self-healing ability (83.6 %/79.0 % of the original tensile strain/stress after self-healing). Moreover, the hydrogel-based sensor exhibited high strain sensitivity (GF = 3.66) and fast response time (<0.5 s), which can be used to monitor a wide range of human physiological signals. Based on this, excellent compression sensitivity (GF = 0.41 kPa-1 in the range of 90-120 kPa), a three-dimensional (3D) array of flexible sensor was designed to monitor the intensity of pressure and spatial force distribution. In addition, a gel-based wearable sensor was accurately classified and recognized ten types of gestures, achieving an accuracy rate of >96.33 % both before and after self-healing under three machine learning models (the decision tree, SVM, and KNN). This paper provides a simple method to prepare tough and self-healing conductive hydrogel as flexible multifunctional sensor devices for versatile applications in fields such as healthcare monitoring, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
| | - Weiling Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Qiannian Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Zengmin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Haihu Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Maolin Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
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5
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Wang B, LvYe J, Yang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Critical Review of Food Colloidal Delivery System for Bioactive Compounds: Physical Characterization and Application. Foods 2024; 13:2596. [PMID: 39200523 PMCID: PMC11353541 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BACs) have attracted much attention due to their potential health benefits. However, such substances have problems such as difficulty dissolving in water, poor stability, and low intestinal absorption, leading to serious limitations in practical applications. Nowadays, food colloidal delivery carriers have become a highly promising solution due to their safety, controllability, and efficiency. The use of natural macromolecules to construct delivery carriers can not only regulate the solubility, stability, and intestinal absorption of BACs but also effectively enhance the nutritional added value of functional foods, improve sensory properties, and extend shelf life. Moreover, smart-responsive colloidal delivery carriers can control the release characteristics of BACs, thus improving their absorption rate in the human body. This review describes the characteristics of several typical food colloid delivery carriers, focuses on their physical properties from static structure to dynamic release, summarizes their applications in delivery systems, and provides an outlook on the future development of food colloid delivery carriers. The different compositions and structures of food colloids tend to affect their stability and release behaviors, and the different surface properties and rheological characteristics of the carriers predestine their different application scenarios. The control of in vivo release properties and the effect on food media should be emphasized in the future exploration of safer and more controllable carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.W.); (J.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jiayi LvYe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.W.); (J.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shaoming Yang
- Zhejiang Longquan ZhengDa Biotech Co., Ltd., Lishui 323000, China;
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.W.); (J.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (B.W.); (J.L.); (Y.S.)
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 310000, China
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6
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Cona C, Bailey K, Barker E. Characterization Methods to Determine Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) in Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2050. [PMID: 39065367 PMCID: PMC11281017 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant developments have been achieved with the invention of hydrogels. They are effective in many fields such as wastewater treatment, food, agriculture, pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery. Although hydrogels have been used successfully in these areas, there is a need to make them better for future applications. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) can be created to make hydrogels more adjustable and suitable for a specific purpose. IPN formation is an innovative approach for polymeric systems. It brings two or more polymer networks together with entanglements. The properties of IPNs are controlled by its chemistry, crosslinking density, and morphology. Therefore, it is necessary to understand characterization methods in order to detect the formation of IPN structure and to develop the properties of hydrogels. In recent studies, IPN structure in hydrogels has been determined via chemical, physical, and mechanical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and rheology methods. In this paper, these characterization methods will be explained, recent studies will be scrutinized, and the effectiveness of these methods to confirm IPN formation will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Barker
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.C.); (K.B.)
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7
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Tian Y, Jiang F, Xie H, Chi Z, Liu C. Conductive Hyaluronic Acid/Deep Eutectic Solvent Composite Hydrogel as a Wound Dressing for Promoting Skin Burn Healing Under Electrical Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304117. [PMID: 38567543 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Burns can cause severe damage to the skin due to bacterial infection and severe inflammation. Although conductive hydrogels as electroactive burn-wound dressings achieve remarkable effects on accelerating wound healing, issues such as imbalance between their high conductivity and mechanical properties, easy dehydration, and low transparency must be addressed. Herein, a double-network conductive eutectogel is fabricated by integrating polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs)including acrylamide/choline chloride/glycerol (acrylamide-polymerization crosslink) and thiolated hyaluronic acid (disulfide-bonding crosslink). The introduction of PDESs provides the eutectogel with a conductivity (up to 0.25 S·m-1) and mechanical strength (tensile strain of 59-77%) simulating those of natural human skin, as well as satisfactory tissue adhesiveness, self-healing ability, and antibacterial properties. When combined with exogenous electrical stimulation, the conductive eutectogel exhibits the ability to reduce inflammation, stimulate cell proliferation and migration, promote collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and facilitate skin tissue remodeling. This conductive eutectogel shows great potential as a dressing for healing major burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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8
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Du L, Meng Z. Carrageenan-induced conjugated oat protein isolate microgel particles as structure modulators in fat analogues and their digestion behaviors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:663-676. [PMID: 38950465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Engineering plant-based microgel particles (MPs) at a molecular scale is meaningful to prepare functional fat analogues. We hypothesize that oat protein isolate (OPI) and κ-carrageenan (CA) have synergy in MPs formation, using MPs with controllable structure, and further to fabricate fat analogues with adjustable characteristics is feasible. Their digestion fate will also be possibly modulated by interfacial coatings. EXPERIMENTS OPI-based conjugated MPs with tunable rigidities by changing crosslinking densities were designed. The relationship between microgel structures, and emulsion gel properties was explored through spectroscopy, microstructure, rheology and tribology. The delivery to lycopene, as well as inhibiting digestion behaviors of fat analogues was evaluated in a simulated gastro-intestinal tract. FINDINGS The rigidity of conjugated MPs could be tailored to optimize the performance of fat analogues. OPI-1 %CA MPs could stabilize emulsions up to 95 % oil fraction with fine texture. Tribological behaviors had a dependence on microgel elasticity and interfacial coatings, medium hard MP-stabilized emulsion was less disrupted without coalescence after oral processing. Digestion was delayed by denser and harder MPs by softening the interfacial particle layer or limiting lipase accessibility. Softer conjugated MPs possessed better flexibility and were broken down more easily leading to a higher rate of lipid digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Rahmatpour A, Shoghinia B, Alizadeh AH. A self-assembling hydrogel nanocomposite based on xanthan gum modified with SiO 2 NPs and HPAM for improved adsorption of crystal violet cationic dye from aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121819. [PMID: 38368101 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the rational design and novel synthesis of multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel derived from xanthan gum (XG) modified with silica nanoparticles and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) via H-bonding interactions (self-assembly) through the "green" gelation process in water. Different techniques have been employed to characterize HPAM/SiO2@XG, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, TEM, BET, and TG/DTG as well as swelling kinetics. Crystal violet (CV)'s adsorption performance was investigated using batch experiments by varying various variables involving adsorbent composition, pH, adsorbent quantity, contact time, CV concentration, ionic strength, and temperature. A well-fitting Langmuir isotherm was found for the adsorption data at 30 °C and pH 7.0, yielding 342.19 mg CV/g as the equilibrium state's maximum adsorption (qm). CV adsorption data agreed better with the pseudo-second-order model than other kinetic models. Furthermore, the HPAM/SiO2@XG nanocomposite hydrogel showed a significant increase in adsorption capacity over the SiO2@XG hydrogel precursor. According to thermodynamic analysis, CV adsorbs to HPAM/XG@SiO2 spontaneously and exothermically. Our results showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel's functional groups interact with CV predominantly through electrostatic interactions, coupled with H-bonding. Nanocomposite hydrogel has been regenerated using a five-cycle adsorption-desorption process, and the efficiency of CV removal has remained a satisfactory level of removal efficiency (94.5 % to 71.5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahmatpour
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Science, Shahid Beheshti University, P. O. Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Shoghinia
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Science, Shahid Beheshti University, P. O. Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Alizadeh
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Science, Shahid Beheshti University, P. O. Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Tan T, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Wang B. Double-Network Hydrogel with Strengthened Mechanical Property for Controllable Release of Antibacterial Peptide. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1850-1860. [PMID: 38416425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Developing double-network (DN) hydrogels with high mechanical properties and antibacterial efficacy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and serve as scaffolds for cell culture still remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, an ion-responsive antibacterial peptide (AMP) (C16-WIIIKKK, termed as IK7) was synergistically combined with a photoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) polymer to fabricate a biocompatible DN hydrogel. The GelMA-IK7 DN hydrogel showed enhanced mechanical properties in contrast to the individual IK7 and GelMA hydrogels and demonstrated substantial antibacterial efficacy. Further investigations revealed that the DN hydrogel effectively inhibited bacterial growth by the controlled and sustained release of the IK7 peptide. In addition, the formation of the DN hydrogel was also found to protect AMP IK7 from rapid degradation by proteinase K. Our findings suggested that the developed GelMA-IK7 DN hydrogel holds great potential for next-generation antibacterial hydrogels for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyuan Tan
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yangqian Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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McClements DJ. Designing healthier and more sustainable ultraprocessed foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13331. [PMID: 38517032 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The food industry has been extremely successful in creating a broad range of delicious, affordable, convenient, and safe food and beverage products. However, many of these products are considered to be ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) that contain ingredients and are processed in a manner that may cause adverse health effects. This review article introduces the concept of UPFs and briefly discusses food products that fall into this category, including beverages, baked goods, snacks, confectionary, prepared meals, dressings, sauces, spreads, and processed meat and meat analogs. It then discusses correlations between consumption levels of UPFs and diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. The different reasons for the proposed ability of UPFs to increase the risk of these chronic diseases are then critically assessed, including displacement of whole foods, high energy densities, missing phytochemicals, contamination with packaging chemicals, hyperpalatability, harmful additives, rapid ingestion and digestion, and toxic reaction products. Then, potential strategies to overcome the current problems with UPFs are presented, including reducing energy density, balancing nutritional profile, fortification, increasing satiety response, modulating mastication and digestion, reengineering food structure, and precision processing. The central argument is that it may be possible to reformulate and reengineer many UPFs to improve their healthiness and sustainability, although this still needs to be proved using rigorous scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Hou X, Lin L, Li K, Jiang F, Qiao D, Zhang B, Xie F. Towards superior biopolymer gels by enabling interpenetrating network structures: A review on types, applications, and gelation strategies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103113. [PMID: 38387158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Gels derived from single networks of natural polymers (biopolymers) typically exhibit limited physical properties and thus have seen constrained applications in areas like food and medicine. In contrast, gels founded on a synergy of multiple biopolymers, specifically polysaccharides and proteins, with intricate interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structures, represent a promising avenue for the creation of novel gel materials with significantly enhanced properties and combined advantages. This review begins with the scrutiny of newly devised IPN gels formed through a medley of polysaccharides and/or proteins, alongside an introduction of their practical applications in the realm of food, medicine, and environmentally friendly solutions. Finally, based on the fact that the IPN gelation process and mechanism are driven by different inducing factors entwined with a diverse amalgamation of polysaccharides and proteins, our survey underscores the potency of physical, chemical, and enzymatic triggers in orchestrating the construction of crosslinked networks within these biomacromolecules. In these mixed systems, each specific inducer aligns with distinct polysaccharides and proteins, culminating in the generation of semi-IPN or fully-IPN gels through the intricate interpenetration between single networks and polymer chains or between two networks, respectively. The resultant IPN gels stand as paragons of excellence, characterized by their homogeneity, dense network structures, superior textural properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, adhesion, cohesion, and chewability), outstanding water-holding capacity, and heightened thermal stability, along with guaranteed biosafety (e.g., nontoxicity and biocompatibility) and biodegradability. Therefore, a judicious selection of polymer combinations allows for the development of IPN gels with customized functional properties, adept at meeting precise application requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Hou
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fatang Jiang
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dongling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Binjia Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengwei Xie
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Du S, Zhou X, Zheng B. Beyond Traditional Medicine: EVs-Loaded Hydrogels as a Game Changer in Disease Therapeutics. Gels 2024; 10:162. [PMID: 38534580 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases, as they can target cells or tissues. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs is limited due to the susceptibility of EVs to immune system clearance during transport in vivo. Hydrogels have become an ideal delivery platform for EVs due to their good biocompatibility and porous structure. This article reviews the preparation and application of EVs-loaded hydrogels as a cell-free therapy strategy in the treatment of diseases. The article also discusses the challenges and future outlook of EVs-loaded hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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14
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Shams Es-haghi S, Weiss RA. Fabrication of Tough Double-Network Hydrogels from Highly Cross-Linked Brittle Neutral Networks Using Alkaline Hydrolysis. Gels 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 38247751 PMCID: PMC10815074 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a simple method to synthesize tough hydrogels from a highly cross-linked neutral network. It was found that applying alkaline hydrolysis to a highly cross-linked hydrogel synthesized from acrylamide (AAm) can increase its swelling ratio dramatically. Double-network (DN) hydrogels synthesized from polymerization of loosely cross-linked AAm networks inside a highly cross-linked AAm gel were not tough. However, repeating the same recipes with a second polymerization step to synthesize a DN hydrogel from a hydrolyzed highly cross-linked AAm gel resulted in tough hydrogels. Those gels exhibited finite tensile behavior similar to that of conventional DN hydrogels. Moreover, craze-like patterns were observed during tensile loading of a DN hydrogel synthesized from a hydrolyzed highly cross-linked first network and a loosely cross-linked second network. The patterns remained in the gel even after strain hardening at high stretch ratios. The craze-like pattern formation was suppressed by increasing the concentration of cross-linking monomer in the second polymerization step. Crack propagation in DN hydrogels synthesized using hydrolysis was also studied by applying a tensile load on notched specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shams Es-haghi
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, The University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469-5793, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Maine, 75 Long Road, Orono, ME 04469-5744, USA
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Rd Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06268-1702, USA
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