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Liang C, Li Y, Zhang K, Wu Z, Liu J, Liu J, Zhou C, Wang S, Li F, Sui G. Selection and Yield Formation Characteristics of Dry Direct Seeding Rice in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3496. [PMID: 37836236 PMCID: PMC10575160 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry direct seeding rice (DSR) is an emerging production system because of increasing labor and water scarcity in rice cultivation. The limited availability of rice cultivars suitable for dry direct seeding hampers the widespread adoption of this cultivation method in Northeast China. This study aimed to investigate grain production and plant characteristics associated with dry direct seeding rice. We conducted a field experiment on 79 japonica rice cultivars in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, Northeast China, in 2020 and 2021. This study found that the grain yield of the tested rice cultivars ranged from 5.75-11.00 t ha-1, with a growth duration lasting between 144-161 days across the cultivars. These cultivars were then categorized into high yielding (HY), medium yielding (MY), and low yielding (LY) based on daily yield by using Ward's hierarchical clustering method. The higher grain yield for HY compared to MY and LY was attributed to more spikelets per unit area. The HY alleviated the conflict between higher panicle density and larger panicle size by improving the seedling emergence rate and productive stem rate. It also significantly increased shoot biomass at maturity. The HY reduced the period between seeding and beginning of heading (BBCH 51) and the proportion of dry matter partitioned to the leaf at the heading stage. However, it also increased the accumulation of dry matter in the grain and the proportion of dry matter partitioned to the grain at maturity. Furthermore, the HY markedly increased the harvest index and grain-leaf ratio, which are beneficial to coordinate the source-sink relationship. A quadratic function predicted that 98 days is the optimum growth duration before heading (BBCH 51) for achieving maximum yield. In conclusion, for dry direct seeding rice, it is appropriate to select high-yielding japonica inbred rice cultivars with shorter growth duration before heading (about 93-102 day), higher panicle number (about 450-500 × 104 ha-1), more spikelet number per panicle (about 110-130), higher seedling emergence rate (about 70-75%), higher productive stem rate (about 60-70%), and greater harvest index (about 50-55%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Kunhao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Zhouzhou Wu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Chanchan Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fenghai Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Guomin Sui
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China;
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Sha Y, Chi D, Chen T, Wang S, Zhao Q, Li Y, Sun Y, Chen J, Lærke PE. Zeolite application increases grain yield and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions under alternate wetting and drying rice system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156067. [PMID: 35605853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinoptilolite zeolite (Z) has been widely used for reducing nutrient loss and improving crop productivity. However, the impacts of zeolite addition on CH4 and N2O emissions in rice fields under various irrigation regimes are still unclear. Therefore, a three-year field experiment using a split-plot design evaluated the effects of zeolite addition and irrigation regimes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, grain yield, water productivity and net ecosystem economic profit (NEEP) in a paddy field. The field experiment included two irrigation regimes (CF: continuous flooding irrigation; AWD: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) as the main plots, and three zeolite additions (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) as the subplots. The results indicated that AWD regime decreased seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions by 54%-71% while increasing seasonal cumulative N2O emissions by 14%-353% across the three years, compared with CF regime. Consequently, the yield-scaled global warming potential under AWD regime decreased by 10%-60% while grain yield, water productivity and NEEP improving by 4.9%-7.9%, 19%-27% and 12%-14%, respectively, related to CF regime. Furthermore, 5 t ha-1 zeolite addition mitigated seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions by an average of 36%, but did not significantly affect N2O emissions compared with non-zeolite treatment. In addition, zeolite addition at 5 and 10 t ha-1 significantly increased grain yield, water productivity and NEEP by 11%-21%, 13%-20% and 13%-24%, respectively, related to non-zeolite treatment across the three years. Therefore, zeolite addition at 5 t ha-1 coupled with AWD regime could be an eco-economic strategy to mitigate GHG emissions and water use while producing optimal grain yield with high NEEP in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sha
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Daocai Chi
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Taotao Chen
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Lærke
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
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Liu S, Xue H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Feng X, Pyo SH. Effects of bioelectricity generation processes on methane emission and bacterial community in wetland and carbon fate analysis. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:69. [PMID: 38647791 PMCID: PMC10991962 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wetlands are an important carbon sink for greenhouse gases (GHGs), and embedding microbial fuel cell (MFC) into constructed wetland (CW) has become a new technology to control methane (CH4) emission. Rhizosphere anode CW-MFC was constructed by selecting rhizome-type wetland plants with strong hypoxia tolerance, which could provide photosynthetic organics as alternative fuel. Compared with non-planted system, CH4 emission flux and power output from the planted CW-MFC increased by approximately 0.48 ± 0.02 mg/(m2·h) and 1.07 W/m3, respectively. The CH4 emission flux of the CW-MFC operated under open-circuit condition was approximately 0.46 ± 0.02 mg/(m2·h) higher than that under closed-circuit condition. The results indicated that plants contributed to the CH4 emission from the CW-MFC, especially under open-circuit mode conditions. The CH4 emission from the CW-MFC was proportional to external resistance, and it increased by 0.67 ± 0.01 mg/(m2·h) when the external resistance was adjusted from 100 to 1000 Ω. High throughput sequencing further showed that there was a competitive relationship between electrogenic bacteria and methanogens. The flora abundance of electrogenic bacteria was high, while methanogens mainly consisted of Methanothrix, Methanobacterium and Methanolinea. The form and content of element C were analysed from solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase. It was found that a large amount of carbon source (TC = 254.70 mg/L) was consumed mostly through microbial migration and conversion, and carbon storage and GHGs emission accounted for 60.38% and 35.80%, respectively. In conclusion, carbon transformation in the CW-MFC can be properly regulated via competition of microorganisms driven by environmental factors, which provides a new direction and idea for the control of CH4 emission from wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentan Liu
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hongpu Xue
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Sang-Hyun Pyo
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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Hao M, Guo LJ, Du XZ, Wang HL, Sheng F, Li CF. Integrated effects of microbial decomposing inoculant on greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and economic profit from paddy fields under different water regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150295. [PMID: 34536874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the impacts of microbial decomposing inoculants on greenhouse gas emissions and economic profit from paddy fields under different water regimes. Here, this study evaluated the effects of microbial decomposing inoculant treatments (straw returning without or with microbial decomposing inoculants (S and SMD)) on rice yield, CH4 and N2O emissions, economic profit and net ecosystem economic profit (NEEP) from paddy fields under different water regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD)) in central China with a two-year field experiment. Compared with S treatment, SMD treatment significantly increased the rice yield and crop water productivity by 6.6-7.2% and 5.6-7.9%, respectively. AWD treatment significantly enhanced the crop water productivity by 56.9-73.7% while did not affect rice yield relative to CF treatment. Regardless of water regimes, SMD treatment did not affect N2O emissions, but significantly increased CH4 emissions by 13.8-39.6% relative to S treatment, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of global warming potential by 13.5-32.5%. Compared with S treatment, SMD treatment improved the economic profit and NEEP. By contrast, AWD treatment significantly increased N2O emissions by 19.1-64.8% compared with CF treatment, but significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 35.3-79.1%. Accordingly, AWD treatment significantly decreased the global warming potential by 33.4-73.9% compared with CF treatment. In addition, AWD treatment resulted in 39.9-96.4% higher economic profit and 48.0-124.4% higher NEEP relative to CF treatment. In summary, AWD treatment is a sustainable water regime that can maintain rice yield, mitigate global warming potential, and increase economic income. However, regardless of water regimes, SMD treatment led to higher rice yield and economic profit, as well as higher global warming potential than S treatment, suggesting that other appropriate treatments of crop straw are needed to mitigate CH4 emissions while improving economic profit for rice sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei University Research Center for China Agriculture Carbon Emission Reduction and Carbon Trade, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Jin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/School of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xue-Zhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei University Research Center for China Agriculture Carbon Emission Reduction and Carbon Trade, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei University Research Center for China Agriculture Carbon Emission Reduction and Carbon Trade, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei University Research Center for China Agriculture Carbon Emission Reduction and Carbon Trade, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Fang Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, PR China.
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Liu K, Chen Y, Huang J, Qiu Y, Li S, Zhuo X, Yu F, Gao J, Li G, Zhang W, Zhang H, Gu J, Liu L, Yang J. Spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice varieties with different panicle sizes. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jian Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Siyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xinxin Zhuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Feng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jie Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Guoming Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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Liao B, Wu X, Yu Y, Luo S, Hu R, Lu G. Effects of mild alternate wetting and drying irrigation and mid-season drainage on CH 4 and N 2O emissions in rice cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134212. [PMID: 31783470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice, one of the major sources of CH4 and N2O emissions, is also the largest consumer of water resources. Mild alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation is widely adopted to save irrigation water resources and maintain rice production, but its effects on CH4 and N2O emissions are unclear. In addition, previous studies have revealed different effects of mid-season drainage on global warming potential (GWP), owing to the different criteria used. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mild AWD irrigation and mid-season drainage (a specific soil moisture) on CH4 and N2O emissions during rice cultivation. Four water management systems were applied: AWD + D0 (mild AWD irrigation without mid-season drainage), AWD + D1 (mild AWD irrigation with mid-season drainage), CF + D0 (continuous flooding without mid-season drainage) and CF + D1 (continuous flooding with mid-season drainage); nitrogen was applied at two levels (N90 and N180) along with each treatment. The results showed that mild AWD irrigation reduced CH4 cumulative emissions by an average of 87.1% but increased N2O cumulative emissions by an average of 280% compared to the values observed with CF irrigation. Mid-season drainage did not affect N2O emissions but interrupted CH4 fluxes and significantly reduced CH4 cumulative emissions. CH4 and N2O cumulative emissions were reduced by an average of 25.0% and 54.2%, respectively, with N90 application compared to values observed with N180 application. Unexpectedly, mild AWD irrigation did not reduce GWP and yield-scaled GWP unlike CF irrigation because a high N2O emission peak occurred during mild AWD irrigation. Furthermore, we observed an obvious trade-off between CH4 and N2O. We suggest that maintaining flooding during nitrogen application but applying mild AWD irrigation for the remaining period may be helpful in reducing CH4 and N2O emissions and GWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanfen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siyao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhou W, Guo Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Hui D, Wang X, Sheng J, Chen L, Luo Y, Zheng J, Li S, Zhang Y. Direct seeding for rice production increased soil erosion and phosphorus runoff losses in subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133845. [PMID: 31421335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Estimating soil erosion and nutrient losses from surface runoff in paddy fields is essential for the assessment of sustainable rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and water quality protection. Different rice establishment methods have been used in the last three decades in Asia; however, it is still unclear how these methods influence sustainable agriculture and environmental protection in humid areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of rice establishment method on soil erosion and phosphorus (P) losses from surface runoff in Hydragric Anthrosols under a subtropical monsoon climate. Total suspended solids (TSS), total P (TP), dissolved P (DP), and particulate P (PP) runoff losses were measured under four rice establishment treatments in 2013 and 2014, including traditional manual transplanting (TT), mechanical transplanting (MT), dry direct seeding (DD), and wet direct seeding (WD). The results showed that the seasonal TSS in the runoff varied from 59.9 to 829.8 kg ha-1 in the two years. Compared with TT, the DD significantly increased the TSS by 481% in 2013 and by 349% in 2014, while the WD significantly increased TSS by 783% in 2013 and by 571% in 2014. In the 2013 and 2014 rice seasons, the field-observed TP runoff losses were from 0.18 to 1.51 kg ha-1. Compared with TT, the DD significantly increased the TP lost by 222% in 2013 and by 197% in 2014, whereas the WD significantly increased the TP lost by 483% in 2013 and by 387% in 2014. However, the TSS and P losses from the MT and TT were similar in both years. The PP runoff losses accounted for 58-77% of the seasonal TP lost. These findings demonstrate that the conversion of traditional manual transplanting to direct seeding increased soil erosion and P runoff losses in subtropical China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liugen Chen
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jianchu Zheng
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Crop Cultivation Technology Guide Station of Nantong City, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Arenas-Calle LN, Whitfield S, Challinor AJ. A Climate Smartness Index (CSI) Based on Greenhouse Gas Intensity and Water Productivity: Application to Irrigated Rice. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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