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van Dieën MSH, Paans W, Mariani MA, Dieperink W, Blokzijl F. A qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of older patients and relatives prior to cardiac surgery. Heart Lung 2024; 65:40-46. [PMID: 38395007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision-making plays an important role in ensuring value-based healthcare in cardiac surgery. However, the personal situations of patients in cardiac care have not been widely explored, and thus, little is known about the decision-making experiences of patients and their relatives before surgery. OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions of patients indicated for cardiac surgery and their relatives during the decision-making process, as well as their experiences of a conversation aimed at achieving shared decision-making in the treatment trajectory. METHODS The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with patients aged ≥70 years who were indicated for cardiac surgery and their relatives until theme saturation. Both inductive and deductive analysis were conducted based on the principles of reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Interviews with 16 patients and 10 relatives provided in-depth insights into the experiences of patients and their relatives in terms of a shared decision-making process prior to surgery. Overall, 15 subthemes were identified, and these were divided into three themes. In general, the patients' experiences and perceptions were influenced by their (1) general daily functioning. The relatives were more concerned about (2) social expectations and (3) existential uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Patients eligible for cardiac surgery and their families have unique experiences and perceptions during the process of shared decision-making. The subthemes emerging from this study, such as the overestimation of potential medical outcomes by patients and their relatives, who experience fear about the current health situation of their loved one, require careful attention from healthcare professionals during decision-making conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou S H van Dieën
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, School of Nursing, Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Petrus Driessenstraat 3 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolter Paans
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, School of Nursing, Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Petrus Driessenstraat 3 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo A Mariani
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Dieperink
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, School of Nursing, Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Petrus Driessenstraat 3 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrike Blokzijl
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, School of Nursing, Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Petrus Driessenstraat 3 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Callaghan EM, Diamandis-Nikoletatos E, van Leeuwen PP, Higgins JB, Somerville CE, Brown LJ, Schumacher TL. Communication regarding the deactivation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: A scoping review and narrative summary of current interventions. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:3431-3445. [PMID: 36055906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Communication about deactivation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy at end-of-life (EoL) is a recognised issue within clinical practice. The aim of this scoping review was to explore and map the current literature in this field, with a focus on papers which implemented interventional studies. METHODS Systematic searches of six major databases were conducted. Citations were included by four researchers according to selection criteria. Key demographic data and prespecified themes in relation to communication of ICD deactivation at EoL were extracted. RESULTS The search found 6197 texts of which 63 were included: 39 quantitative, 14 qualitative and 10 mixed-methods. Surveys were predominantly used to gather data (n = 34), followed by interviews (n = 18) and retrospective reviews of patient records (n = 18). CONCLUSIONS Several key gaps in the literature warrant further research. These include who is responsible for initiating ICD deactivation discussions, how clinicians should initiate and conduct these discussions, when ICD deactivations should be occurring, and family perspectives. Adequately explored themes include patient and clinician knowledge and attitudes regarding ICD deactivation at EoL. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Facilities treating patients with ICDs at EoL should consider ongoing quality improvement projects aimed at clinician education and protocol changes to improve communication surrounding EoL ICD deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Callaghan
- School of Medicine and Public Health (Joint Medical Program), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia; School of Rural Medicine (Joint Medical Program), University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Elly Diamandis-Nikoletatos
- School of Medicine and Public Health (Joint Medical Program), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia; School of Rural Medicine (Joint Medical Program), University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Paul P van Leeuwen
- School of Medicine and Public Health (Joint Medical Program), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia; School of Rural Medicine (Joint Medical Program), University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Jack B Higgins
- School of Medicine and Public Health (Joint Medical Program), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2305, Australia; School of Rural Medicine (Joint Medical Program), University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | | | - Leanne J Brown
- Department of Rural Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Tracy L Schumacher
- Department of Rural Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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Tark A, Agarwal M, Dick AW, Stone PW. Variations in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Program across the Nation: Environmental Scan. J Palliat Med 2019; 22:1032-1038. [PMID: 30789297 PMCID: PMC6735313 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is an advance care planning tool that is designed to document end-of-life (EoL) care wishes of those living with limited life expectancies. Although positive impacts of POLST program has been studied, variations in state-specific POLST programs across the nation remain unknown. Objective: Identify state variations in POLST forms and determine if variations are associated with program maturity status. Design: Environmental scan. Measurements: Using the national POLST website, state-specific POLST program characteristics were examined. With available sample POLST forms, EoL care options were abstracted. Results: Of all 51 states (50 United States states and Washington, D.C examined), the majority (n = 48, 98%) were actively participating in POLST; 3 states (5.9%) had Mature status, 19 states and District of Columbia (39.2%) were Endorsed, 24 states were in the developing phase (47.1%), and 4 states (7.8%) were nonconforming. Forty-five states (88.2%) had forms available for review. Antibiotic and intravenous fluid options were identified in 32 (71.1%), and 33 (73.3%) POLST forms, respectively. Hospital transfer and use of oxygen were mentioned in all forms. Use of respiratory devices (i.e., continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure) were mentioned on 27 (60%) forms, whereas ventilator or intubation use were mentioned in 36 POLST forms (80%). No associations were found between POLST maturity status and provision of treatment options. Conclusions: Variations in integration of infection and symptom management options were identified. Further research is needed to determine if there are regional factors associated with provision of treatment options on POLST forms and if there are differences in actual rates of infection or symptoms reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluem Tark
- Center for Health Policy and Center for Improving Palliative Care for Vulnerable Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Mansi Agarwal
- Center for Health Policy and Center for Improving Palliative Care for Vulnerable Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | | | - Patricia W. Stone
- Center for Health Policy and Center for Improving Palliative Care for Vulnerable Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
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Barriers to Goals of Care Discussions With Patients Who Have Advanced Heart Failure: Results of a Multicenter Survey of Hospital-Based Cardiology Clinicians. J Card Fail 2017. [PMID: 28648852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversations about goals of care in hospital are important to patients who have advanced heart failure (HF). METHODS We conducted a multicenter survey of cardiology nurses, fellows, and cardiologists at 8 Canadian teaching hospitals. The primary outcome was the importance of barriers to goals-of-care discussions in hospital (1 = extremely unimportant; 7 = extremely important). We also elicited perspectives on roles of different practitioners in having these conversations. RESULTS Questionnaires were returned by 770/1024 (75.2%) eligible clinicians. The most important perceived barriers were: family members' and patients' difficulty in accepting a poor prognosis (mean [SD] score 5.9 [1.1] and 5.7 [1.2], respectively), family members' and patients' lack of understanding about the limitations and harms of life-sustaining treatments (5.8 [1.1] and 5.7 [1.2], respectively), and lack of agreement among family members about goals of care (5.8 [1.2]). Interprofessional team members were viewed as having different but important roles in goals-of-care discussions. CONCLUSIONS Cardiology clinicians perceive family and patient-related factors as the most important barriers to goals-of-care discussions in hospital. Many members of the interprofessional team were viewed as having important roles in addressing goals of care. These findings can inform the design of future interventions to improve communication about goals of care in advanced HF.
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Camal-Sanchez CA, Simpson T, Curtis JR, Owens D, Burr RL, Shannon SE. A Quality Improvement Project to Identify Patients With Advanced Heart Failure for Potential Palliative Care Referral in Telemetry and Cardiac Intensive Care Units. J Dr Nurs Pract 2017; 10:17-23. [PMID: 32751037 DOI: 10.1891/2380-9418.10.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although national guidelines recommend timely initiation of palliative care for hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure (AHF), providers may not recognize which patients who have heart failure are most in need of consultation. Measures: A tool was developed and pilot-tested to screen patients admitted to a cardiology inpatient service with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% or less for potential triggers signifying palliative care needs in the telemetry or cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Intervention: The tool was completed during cardiology rounds. Outcomes: Of the 21 patients evaluated, the median LVEF was lower in the telemetry group (22%) than in the CICU group (28%). Trigger patients in the telemetry unit were less adherent to medical management (χ2 = 6.034, p = .014) and had greater psychosocial and spiritual needs (χ2 = 3.956, p = .047) than those in the CICU. Conclusion: We describe a feasible palliative care screening tool for patients with AHF hospitalized in a telemetry unit or CICU that may identify opportunities for early palliative care referrals. Additional study is needed to determine whether this tool can be used to improve patient care or patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Camal-Sanchez
- University of Washington Medical Center, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle
| | | | - J Randall Curtis
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence at UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Darrell Owens
- UW Medicine Outpatient Primary, Palliative, and Supportive Care, Seattle, Washington
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LVAD patients' and surrogates' perspectives on SPIRIT-HF: An advance care planning discussion. Heart Lung 2016; 45:305-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Choosing Words Wisely in Communication With Patients With Heart Failure and Families. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:1779-82. [PMID: 27108338 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex and often unpredictable course of heart failure (HF) provides many opportunities for communication between clinicians and patients about important subjects as advance care planning, disease state education, therapeutic options and limitations, and end-of-life care. Studies of patients with HF demonstrate that, when engaging in such complex communication, specific language matters in patient experience and in shared decision-making with providers. To date, clinical reports have outlined useful frameworks for communication with patients with HF but have not yet broached specific language crucial to furthering whole person care, particularly in the complex and emotional realm of advancing disease and transitions to end-of-life care. In this work, the investigators unpack language commonly used in advanced HF care and provide explicit suggestions to better provide such pivotal communication. In conclusion, specific phrasing may significantly impact patient experiences and outcomes. Communication that focuses on the disease itself and the therapy or intervention in question may help remove the patient from potential negative emotions, thus facilitating more objective shared decision-making with the clinician.
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Metzger M, Song MK, Ward S, Chang PPY, Hanson LC, Lin FC. A randomized controlled pilot trial to improve advance care planning for LVAD patients and their surrogates. Heart Lung 2016; 45:186-92. [PMID: 26948697 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of an advance care planning (ACP) intervention, SPIRIT-HF, in LVAD patients and their surrogates. BACKGROUND LVADs may improve HF symptoms but they are not curative. Thus, ACP is needed to prepare patients and surrogates for end-of-life (EOL) decision-making. METHODS Bridge to transplant and destination therapy LVAD patient-surrogate dyads were randomized to either SPIRIT-HF or usual care. Percentages of eligible dyads who were enrolled and completed the study determined feasibility. Analysis of interviews with SPIRIT dyads determined acceptability. Group comparisons of dyad congruence, patient's decisional conflict, and surrogate's decision-making confidence determined preliminary effects. RESULTS Of 38 eligible dyads, 29 (76%) were enrolled, randomized, and completed the study. The 14 intervention dyads characterized SPIRIT-HF as beneficial. All dyads demonstrated improvement in outcomes. However, SPIRIT-HF dyads tended toward greater congruence on patient EOL treatment goals. CONCLUSIONS SPIRIT-HF is feasible and acceptable. Results will inform future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- Emory University Nell Hodgson School of Nursing, USA
| | - Sandra Ward
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, USA
| | | | - Laura C Hanson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with heart failure (HF) are required to make decisions on a daily basis related to their declining health and make urgent decisions during acute illness exacerbations. However, little is known about the types of decisions patients make. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to critically evaluate the current quantitative literature related to decision making among persons with HF and identify research gaps in HF decision-making research. METHODS A systematic search of literature about decisions persons with HF make was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases. The following inclusion criteria were used: sample composed of at least 50% HF participants, concrete decisions were made, and a quantitative study design was used. Two authors performed title, abstract, and full-text reviews independently to identify eligible articles. RESULTS Twelve quantitative articles were included. Study samples were predominately older, white, male, and married. Two-thirds of the articles focused on decisions related to the end-of-life topics (ie, resuscitation decisions, advanced care planning). The other one-third focused on decisions about care seeking, participant's involvement in treatment decisions during their last clinic visit, and self-care behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Within the HF literature, the term decision is often ill-defined or not defined. Limitations in methodological rigor limit definitive conclusions about HF decision making. Future studies should consider strengthening study rigor and examining other decision topics such as inclusion of family in making decisions as HF progresses. Research rigorously examining HF decision making is needed to develop interventions to support persons with HF.
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Katz JN, Waters SB, Hollis IB, Chang PP. Advanced therapies for end-stage heart failure. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 11:63-72. [PMID: 24251460 PMCID: PMC4347211 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x09666131117163825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of the advanced heart failure patient can be complex. Therapies include cardiac transplantation and mechanical circulatory support, as well inotropic agents for the short-term. Despite a growing armamentarium of resources, the clinician must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of each therapy to develop an optimal treatment strategy. While cardiac transplantation remains the only true “cure” for end-stage disease, this resource is limited and the demand continues to far outpace the supply. For patients who are transplant-ineligible or likely to succumb to their illness prior to transplant, ventricular assist device therapy has now become a viable option for improving morbidity and mortality. Particularly for the non-operative pa-tient, intravenous inotropes can be utilized for symptom control. Regardless of the treatments considered, care of the heart failure patient requires thoughtful dialogue, multidisciplinary collaboration, and individualized care. While survival is important, most patients covet quality of life above all outcomes. An often overlooked component is the patient’s control over the dying process. It is vital that clinicians make goals-of-care discussions a priority when seeing patients with advanced heart failure. The use of palliative care consultation is well-validated and facilitates these difficult conversations to ensure that all patient needs are ultimately met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patricia P Chang
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 160 Dental Circle, CB#7075, Burnett-Womack Building, 6th Floor, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
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Making Decisions About Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators from Implantation to End of Life: An Integrative Review of Patients’ Perspectives. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 7:243-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-014-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Waterworth S, Gott M. Involvement of the practice nurse in supporting older people with heart failure: GP perspectives. PROGRESS IN PALLIATIVE CARE 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743291x11y.0000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dunlay SM, Swetz KM, Mueller PS, Roger VL. Advance directives in community patients with heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012; 5:283-9. [PMID: 22581852 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.112.966036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is recommended that all patients with heart failure (HF) have advance directives (AD) in place before the end of life is imminent, the use of AD in HF has not been well studied. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled consecutive Olmsted County residents presenting with HF from October 2007 through October 2011 into a longitudinal study. Information from AD completed before enrollment and hospitalizations in the month before death were abstracted. Among 608 patients (mean age, 74.0 years; 54.9% men; 65.3%; New York Heart Association functional class 3 or 4), 164 (27.0%) patients died after a mean follow-up of 1.8 years. At enrollment, only 249 (41.0%) patients had an AD. Although most AD appointed a proxy decision-maker (90.4%), less than half addressed wishes regarding use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (41.4%), mechanical ventilation (38.6%), or hemodialysis (10.0%) at the end of life. The independent predictors of AD completion were older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 10-year increase, 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–2.20), malignancy (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05–2.37), and renal dysfunction (OR for estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05–2.29). At the end of life, patients with AD specifying limits in the aggressiveness of care less frequently received mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07–0.88), with a trend toward decreased intensive care unit admission (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.16–1.29). CONCLUSIONS Despite a high mortality rate, over half of patients with HF do not have an AD, and existing AD fail to address important end-of-life medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Dunlay
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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