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Liu S, Ou L, Wang Q, Long Y, Ren D, Yu‐ping Z, De‐liang C, Yuan C, Meng‐jun C. Solid‐phase synthesis, reaction mechanism of biomass glycerol metal chelates and its thermal stability property for
polyvinyl chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐you Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science Changde People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Office Yingde City Originality New Materials Co., Ltd Yingde People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐hui Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science Changde People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi People's Republic of China
| | - You Long
- New Materials Research Office Yingde City Originality New Materials Co., Ltd Yingde People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ren
- New Materials Research Office Yingde City Originality New Materials Co., Ltd Yingde People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Yu‐ping
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science Changde People's Republic of China
| | - Chen De‐liang
- Analysis Office Changde Zhengyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd Chengde People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Analysis Office Changde Zhengyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd Chengde People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Meng‐jun
- Analysis Office Changde Zhengyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd Chengde People's Republic of China
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Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines. In this context, it has also been assumed that the reduction in the viscosity of straight vegetable oils (SVO) must be performed through a transesterification reaction with methanol in order to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that constitute biodiesel. Nevertheless, the complexity in the industrial production of this biofuel, mainly due to the costs of eliminating the glycerol produced, has caused a significant delay in the energy transition. For this reason, several advanced biofuels that avoid the glycerol production and exhibit similar properties to fossil diesel have been developed. In this way, “green diesels” have emerged as products of different processes, such as the cracking or pyrolysis of vegetable oil, as well as catalytic (hydro)cracking. In addition, some biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol (DMC-Biod) or Ecodiesel, as well as straight vegetable oils, in blends with plant-based sources with low viscosity have been described as renewable biofuels capable of performing in combustion ignition engines. After evaluating the research carried out in the last decades, it can be concluded that green diesel and biodiesel-like biofuels could constitute the main alternative to addressing the energy transition, although green diesel will be the principal option in aviation fuel.
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