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Pattan HF, Liu X, Tankam P. In vivo assessment of human corneal epithelial cells in orthokeratology lens wearers: A pilot study. Optom Vis Sci 2024; 101:263-271. [PMID: 38683973 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Central corneal epithelial thinning associated with midperipheral epithelial thickening has been reported as the main factor contributing to the effectiveness of orthokeratology (ortho-k) in myopia control. Yet, the cellular mechanism governing the regional change in refractive power remains elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the regional change in corneal epithelial thickness and cell density in ortho-k wearers. METHODS A new human prototype of a polarization-dependent optical coherence microscope was developed to enable noncontact and noninvasive in vivo imaging of corneal epithelial cells in ortho-k wearers with and without their ortho-k lens. The epithelial thickness and cell density were evaluated at the central and midperipheral corneal locations in four ortho-k wearers and four spectacle wearers serving as controls. RESULTS Polarization-dependent optical coherence microscope achieved in vivo volumetric imaging of all epithelial cell types in ortho-k wearers with and without their lens over a field of view of 0.5 × 0.5 mm 2 with an isotropic resolution of ~2.2 mm. The central epithelial thinning and midperipheral epithelial thickening were consistent across all ortho-k wearers. However, the inconsistency in their regional epithelial cell density highlighted a great variability in individual response to ortho-k treatment. There was no strong correlation between epithelial thickness and cell density, especially at the midperipheral cornea, in ortho-k participants. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes our first step toward uncovering the cellular mechanism underlying the effectiveness of ortho-k in myopia control. Future studies will focus on the longitudinal evaluation of epithelial cells before and during ortho-k treatment to identify factors governing individual response to ortho-k treatment and ultimately inform the dynamics of epithelial cells taking place during the ortho-k treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiya F Pattan
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Singh R, Singh R, Baby B, Suri A. Effect of the Segmentation Threshold on Computed Tomography-Based Reconstruction of Skull Bones with Reference Optical Three-Dimensional Scanning. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e34-e43. [PMID: 35718274 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of applications related to neurosurgical procedures, education, and training require accurate reconstruction of the involved structures from the medical images such as computed tomography (CT). This study evaluates the quality of CT-based reconstruction of dry skull bones for advanced neurosurgical applications. The accuracy and precision of these models were examined with reference optical scanning. METHODS Three consecutive CT and optical scans of different skull bones were acquired and used to develop three-dimensional models. The accuracy of three-dimensional models was examined by manual inspection of the defined anatomical landmarks of the skull. Reproducibility was examined by deviation analysis of the models developed from repeated CT and optical scans. RESULTS Precision was excellent in both the techniques with less than 0.1 mm deviation error. On the interscan evaluation of the CT versus optical scan model, deviations of more than 0.1 mm were observed in 16 out of 21 instances. CT reconstruction using standard segmentation algorithms results in missing bone portions while using the default bone segmentation threshold. The segmentation threshold was varied to construct missing bone regions, and its effect on the iso-surface generation was evaluated. The threshold variation led to increased mean deviations of surfaces up to 0.6 mm. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that bone structure, complexity, and segmentation threshold lead to CT reconstruction variability. The trade-off between the desirable model and accepted mean deviation should be considered as per traits of the desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajdeep Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Britty Baby
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Amar Nath and Shashi Khosla School of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Malik RA, Efron N. Corneal Confocal Microscopy and the Nervous System: Introduction to the Special Issue. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061475. [PMID: 35329801 PMCID: PMC8953792 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rayaz A. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Li Z, Shahbazi M, Patel N, O' Sullivan E, Zhang H, Vyas K, Chalasani P, Deguet A, Gehlbach PL, Iordachita I, Yang GZ, Taylor RH. Hybrid Robot-assisted Frameworks for Endomicroscopy Scanning in Retinal Surgeries. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIONICS 2020; 2:176-187. [PMID: 32699833 PMCID: PMC7375438 DOI: 10.1109/tmrb.2020.2988312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution real-time intraocular imaging of retina at the cellular level is very challenging due to the vulnerable and confined space within the eyeball as well as the limited availability of appropriate modalities. A probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) system, can be a potential imaging modality for improved diagnosis. The ability to visualize the retina at the cellular level could provide information that may predict surgical outcomes. The adoption of intraocular pCLE scanning is currently limited due to the narrow field of view and the micron-scale range of focus. In the absence of motion compensation, physiological tremors of the surgeons' hand and patient movements also contribute to the deterioration of the image quality. Therefore, an image-based hybrid control strategy is proposed to mitigate the above challenges. The proposed hybrid control strategy enables a shared control of the pCLE probe between surgeons and robots to scan the retina precisely, with the absence of hand tremors and with the advantages of an image-based auto-focus algorithm that optimizes the quality of pCLE images. The hybrid control strategy is deployed on two frameworks - cooperative and teleoperated. Better image quality, smoother motion, and reduced workload are all achieved in a statistically significant manner with the hybrid control frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuo Li
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Mahya Shahbazi
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Niravkumar Patel
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Eimear O' Sullivan
- Authors with the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Authors with the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Khushi Vyas
- Authors with the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Preetham Chalasani
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Anton Deguet
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Peter L Gehlbach
- Author with the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Authors with the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Russell H Taylor
- Authors with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Landis ZC, Pantanelli SM. Corneal and Conjunctival Infectious Disease Diagnostics. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2018; 57:1-11. [PMID: 28590277 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tanaka S, Kohanim S. The Role of Confocal Microscopy in Diagnosing Ocular Surface Tumors. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2017; 57:75-85. [PMID: 27898615 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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De Clerck EEB, Schouten JSAG, Berendschot TTJM, Kessels AGH, Nuijts RMMA, Beckers HJM, Schram MT, Stehouwer CDA, Webers CAB. New ophthalmologic imaging techniques for detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative changes in diabetes: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:653-63. [PMID: 26184671 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and around the optic nerve head and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) are non-invasive and repeatable techniques that can quantify ocular neurodegenerative changes in individuals with diabetes. We systematically reviewed studies of ocular neurodegenerative changes in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and noted changes in the retina, the optic nerve head, and the cornea. Of the 30 studies that met our inclusion criteria, 14 used OCT and 16 used CCM to assess ocular neurodegenerative changes. Even in the absence of diabetic retinopathy, several layers in the retina and the mean retinal nerve fibre layer around the optic nerve head were significantly thinner (-5·36 μm [95% CI -7·13 to -3·58]) in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes. In individuals with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy none of the intraretinal layer thicknesses were significantly reduced compared with individuals without diabetes. In the absence of diabetic polyneuropathy, individuals with type 2 diabetes had a lower nerve density (nerve branch density: -1·10/mm(2) [95% CI -4·22 to 2·02]), nerve fibre density: -5·80/mm(2) [-8·06 to -3·54], and nerve fibre length: -4·00 mm/mm(2) [-5·93 to -2·07]) in the subbasal nerve plexus of the cornea than individuals without diabetes. Individuals with type 1 diabetes without polyneuropathy also had a lower nerve density (nerve branch density: -7·74/mm(2) [95% CI -14·13 to -1·34], nerve fibre density: -2·68/mm(2) [-5·56 to 0·20]), and nerve fibre length: -2·58 mm/mm(2) [-3·94 to -1·21]). Ocular neurodegenerative changes are more evident when diabetic retinopathy or polyneuropathy is present. OCT and CCM are potentially useful, in addition to conventional clinical methods, to assess diabetic neurodegenerative changes. Additional research is needed to determine their incremental benefit and to standardise procedures before the application of OCT and CCM in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E B De Clerck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Jan S A G Schouten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alfons G H Kessels
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Tankam P, He Z, Chu YJ, Won J, Canavesi C, Lepine T, Hindman HB, Topham DJ, Gain P, Thuret G, Rolland JP. Assessing microstructures of the cornea with Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy: pathway for corneal physiology and diseases. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1113-6. [PMID: 25768195 PMCID: PMC4429128 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GD-OCM) was applied ex vivo in the investigation of corneal cells and their surrounding microstructures with particular attention to the corneal endothelium. Experiments using fresh pig eyeballs, excised human corneal buttons from patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FED), and healthy donor corneas were conducted. Results show in a large field of view (1 mm×1 mm) high definition images of the different cell types and their surrounding microstructures through the full corneal thickness at both the central and peripheral locations of porcine corneas. Particularly, an image of the endothelial cells lining the bottom of the cornea is highlighted. As compared to healthy human corneas, the corneas of individuals with FED show characteristic microstructural alterations of the Descemet's membrane and increased size and number of keratocytes. The GD-OCM-based imaging system developed may constitute a novel tool for corneal imaging and disease diagnosis. Also, importantly, it may provide insights into the mechanism of corneal physiology and pathology, particularly in diseases of the corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Tankam
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Zhiguo He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA 2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, F 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, FRANCE
| | - Ying-Ju Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Jungeun Won
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Cristina Canavesi
- LighTopTech Corp., 150 Lucius Gordon Dr., Ste 115, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA
| | - Thierry Lepine
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516), 18 rue Benoît Lauras F-42000, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holly B. Hindman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David J. Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Philippe Gain
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA 2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, F 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, FRANCE
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA 2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 15 Rue Ambroise Paré, F 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, FRANCE
- Institut Universitaire de France, Boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Jannick P. Rolland
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- LighTopTech Corp., 150 Lucius Gordon Dr., Ste 115, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA
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