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Richards J, Rickert M, Carr K, Meyer D, Kollbaum P. The association between participant-reported ratings of comfort, dryness and vision quality in soft contact lens wearers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:693-703. [PMID: 38404148 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous literature has indicated an association between participant-reported perceptions (e.g., ratings) of comfort, dryness and vision quality during soft contact lens wear. However, these reports do not account for participant- and lens-specific factors which may impact the interpretation of these results. The purpose of this project was to quantify the association between these participant-reported ratings while accounting for both participant- and lens-specific factors. METHODS Participant-reported ratings (scale 0-100) of comfort, dryness and quality of vision for 675 soft contact lens wearers (1207 eyes) were aggregated across 31 studies completed at Indiana University. Linear mixed-effects regression modelling was performed on each outcome rating individually. Covariate-adjusted models incorporated both participant- (e.g., age, sex) and lens-related (e.g., lens material, edge and optics) factors. The models were statistically adjusted for the duration of lens wear in hours and cumulative days of exposure. RESULTS Consistent with estimates from covariate-adjusted regression models, pairwise Spearman correlations [95% CI] between dryness and comfort (rs = 0.71, [0.69, 0.74]), vision quality and comfort (rs = 0.53, [0.49, 0.57]) and vision quality and dryness (rs = 0.49, [0.42, 0.54]) were all positive and had p < 0.001. Average participant-reported ratings of comfort, dryness and vision quality decreased by (bs [95% CI]) = -0.81 [-1.15, -0.46] -0.34 [-0.67, 0.0005] and -0.90 [-1.19, -0.60] rating units, respectively, for each hour of lens wear. CONCLUSIONS Significant positive associations were found between participant-reported measures of comfort, dryness and vision quality during soft contact lens wear. The associations between these ratings and the participant- and lens-related factors that drive them should be considered by clinicians and manufacturers when fitting and designing soft contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Richards
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Martin Rickert
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenzie Carr
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Dawn Meyer
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Pete Kollbaum
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Itokawa T, Okajima Y, Iwashita H, Koji K, Tashiro S, Suzuki T, Hori Y. Association between dryness sensation and ocular surface temperature and conjunctival blood flow in soft contact lens wearers. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102166. [PMID: 38604915 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between dryness, ocular surface temperature (OST), and conjunctival blood flow (CBF) in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers after airflow stimulation. METHODS After recruiting 21 SCL wearers (mean age, 25.3 ± 4.2 years), subjects used two different daily disposable silicone hydrogel SCLs (narafilcon A and delefilcon A lenses). On three of four measurement days, excluding the first, OST, CBF, tear meniscus height (TMH), and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) were measured after airflow stimulation at a rate of 3 m/s for 10 min. The measurements were conducted without SCLs on the first and second days, and with different SCLs on the third and fourth days. Dryness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). These parameters were compared between the two types of SCLs, and their association with the dryness sensation was then investigated. RESULTS Dryness was significantly weakly correlated with OST (r = -0.375, p < 0.05) and CBF (r = 0.339, p < 0.05). TMH, NIBUT, and VAS scores for dryness with the delefilcon A lens (0.15 ± 0.05 mm, 3.7 ± 01.7 s and 29.4 ± 16.9) were significantly higher, longer, and lower, respectively, than those with the narafilcon A lens (0.12 ± 0.05 mm, 2.3 ± 1.7 s and 35.9 ± 17.0; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). The changes in the OST and CBF between with and without the delefilcon A lens (-0.36 ± 0.35 °C and 0.99 ± 0.19) were significantly small compared to the narafilcon A lens (-0.60 ± 0.42 °C and 1.11 ± 0.21; p < 0.01 for both comparisons). CONCLUSION Dryness was correlated with OST and CBF, which indicates that when dryness was high, OST was low and CBF was high. These results suggest that OST and CBF assessments are effective for evaluating dryness sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Itokawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukinobu Okajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Tsunashima Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kakisu Koji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tashiro
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Ishizuchi Eye Clinic, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Capote-Puente R, Sánchez-González JM, Sánchez-González MC, Bautista-Llamas MJ. Evaluation of Celligent® Biomimetic Water Gradient Contact Lens Effects on Ocular Surface and Subjective Symptoms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071258. [PMID: 37046476 PMCID: PMC10093668 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the non-invasive and subjective symptoms associated with Lehfilcon A water gradient silicone hydrogel contact lenses with bacterial and lipid resistance technology. A prospective, longitudinal, single-centre, self-controlled study was conducted among silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers. Non-invasive analysis of the pre-lens tear film was performed using the Integrated Clinical Platform (ICP) Ocular Surface Analyzer (OSA), and the meibomian glands were evaluated with the Cobra® HD infrared meibographer. After 30 days of contact lens wear, the subjects were re-evaluated to determine the changes in conjunctival redness, subjective dry eye disease, tear meniscus height, lipid pattern, and non-invasive break-up time. Results showed that the lipid layer thickness decreased significantly from 2.05 ± 1.53 to 0.92 ± 1.09 Guillon patterns, and the tear meniscus height decreased from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.03. The mean pre-lens non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) significantly increased from 15.19 ± 9.54 to 25.31 ± 15.81 s. The standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Disease (SPEED) score also decreased from 7.39 ± 4.39 to 5.53 ± 4.83. The results suggest that Lehfilcon A significantly reduced lipid and aqueous tear film volume but improved break-up time and subjective dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Capote-Puente
- Optica Area, Vision Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Optica Area, Vision Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Carmen Sánchez-González
- Optica Area, Vision Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María-José Bautista-Llamas
- Optica Area, Vision Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Xu Y, Xu Z, Shu X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Xia J, Li Y, Qu J, Hu L. Dynamic Changes of Ocular Surface in First-Time Contact Lens Wearers and the Effective Factors of Contact Lens Discomfort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:833962. [PMID: 35360725 PMCID: PMC8962650 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.833962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamic changes in ocular surface indicators in first-time contact lens (CL) wearers and identify the most influential factors in CL discomfort (CLD). Methods A total of 26 healthy non-CL wearers (26 eyes) were recruited and fitted monthly with disposable hydrogel CLs. Each participant underwent a full ocular surface evaluation, which include Efron grading, tear film breakup time, Schirmer's I test, corneal dendritic cell (DCs) imaging by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and conjunctival microvasculature evaluation by functional slit-lamp biomicroscopy. CLD was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire at baseline, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after wearing it and another 6 months after discontinuing it. Results Clinical signs and CLD were significantly increased in the first week (p < 0.05). The microvascular response and DC activation peaked at the 1-month interval (p < 0.05). During CL wear, CLD is positively correlated with corneal staining (B = 0.238, p = 0.002), papillary conjunctivitis (B = 0.245, p < 0.001), and microvascular blood flow velocity (B = 0.353, p < 0.001). After discontinuation, only DC activation remained elevated at 6 months, whereas the other signs recovered. Conclusions The first week of CL wear was the main period for the appearance of ocular surface clinical signs, and the first month was the main period for the activation of subclinical inflammation. Corneal staining and conjunctival microvascular response are the main factors affecting CLD. Even if the clinical signs recover after discontinuing wear, subclinical inflammation may persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Shu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Liu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xia
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Hu
| | - Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
- Jia Qu
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5
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A meta-analysis of variability in conjunctival microvascular hemorheology metrics. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fang M, Airen S, Jiang H, Wang J. Ocular surface microvascular response and its relation to contact lens fitting and ocular comfort: an update of recent research. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:661-671. [PMID: 33689669 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines vascular responses in the ocular surface to contact lens wear and its relation to lens fitting characteristics and contact lens-related discomfort. A search of PubMed was performed to find original research in English, within the past 10 years, that studied the ocular surface, including lid-wiper vascular responses to the lens. The interaction between the lens and ocular surface triggers vascular responses, impacting the lens fitting and contact lens-related discomfort. Contact lens-related discomfort is a multifactorial event, which is affected by lens characteristics. Overall, contact lenses with low modulus and a relatively tight fit produce significant ocular comfort. If an appropriate lens fit is achieved, lens fitting characteristics may not play a critical role in contact lens-related discomfort. On the other hand, the pathogenic and vascular changes of lid-wiper vascular responses appear to play an essential role in developing contact lens-related discomfort, in concert with reactions of the cornea (compression and staining) and conjunctiva (indentation and staining). Robust evaluation of lid-wiper changes at the cellular and microvascular level may hold the key to better understanding the mechanism of contact lens-related discomfort and reveal strategies for eliminating lid wiper epitheliopathy and improving ocular comfort in contact lens wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shriya Airen
- School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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CLEAR - Contact lens complications. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:330-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Morgan PB, Murphy PJ, Gifford KL, Gifford P, Golebiowski B, Johnson L, Makrynioti D, Moezzi AM, Moody K, Navascues-Cornago M, Schweizer H, Swiderska K, Young G, Willcox M. CLEAR - Effect of contact lens materials and designs on the anatomy and physiology of the eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:192-219. [PMID: 33775377 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper outlines changes to the ocular surface caused by contact lenses and their degree of clinical significance. Substantial research and development to improve oxygen permeability of rigid and soft contact lenses has meant that in many countries the issues caused by hypoxia to the ocular surface have largely been negated. The ability of contact lenses to change the axial growth characteristics of the globe is being utilised to help reduce the myopia pandemic and several studies and meta-analyses have shown that wearing orthokeratology lenses or soft multifocal contact lenses can reduce axial length growth (and hence myopia). However, effects on blinking, ptosis, the function of Meibomian glands, fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the conjunctiva and cornea, production of lid-parallel conjunctival folds and lid wiper epitheliopathy have received less research attention. Contact lens wear produces a subclinical inflammatory response manifested by increases in the number of dendritiform cells in the conjunctiva, cornea and limbus. Papillary conjunctivitis is also a complication of all types of contact lenses. Changes to wear schedule (daily disposable from overnight wear) or lens materials (hydrogel from SiHy) can reduce papillary conjunctivitis, but the effect of such changes on dendritic cell migration needs further study. These changes may be associated with decreased comfort but confirmatory studies are needed. Contact lenses can affect the sensitivity of the ocular surface to mechanical stimulation, but whether these changes affect comfort requires further investigation. In conclusion, there have been changes to lens materials, design and wear schedules over the past 20+ years that have improved their safety and seen the development of lenses that can reduce the myopia development. However, several changes to the ocular surface still occur and warrant further research effort in order to optimise the lens wearing experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Paul J Murphy
- University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kate L Gifford
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Gifford
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Leah Johnson
- CooperVision Specialty EyeCare, Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Dimitra Makrynioti
- School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras (Aigio), Greece
| | - Amir M Moezzi
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kurt Moody
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Kasandra Swiderska
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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Chang YC, Su CY, Chang CH, Fang HW, Wei Y. Correlation between Tribological Properties and the Quantified Structural Changes of Lysozyme on Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Contact Lens. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081639. [PMID: 32717989 PMCID: PMC7464607 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular discomfort is the leading cause of contact lens wear discontinuation. Although the tear proteins as a lubricant might improve contact lens adaptation, some in vitro studies suggested that the amount of adsorbed proteins could not simply explain the lubricating performance of adsorbed proteins. The purpose of this study was to quantify the structural changes and corresponding ocular lubricating properties of adsorbed protein on a conventional contact lens material, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). The adsorption behaviors of lysozyme on pHEMA were determined by the combined effects of protein–surface and protein–protein interactions. Lysozyme, the most abundant protein in tear, was first adsorbed onto the pHEMA surface under widely varying protein solution concentrations to saturate the surface, with the areal density of the adsorbed protein presenting different protein–protein effects within the layer. These values were correlated with the measured secondary structures, and corresponding friction coefficient of the adsorbed and protein covered lens surface, respectively. The decreased friction coefficient value was an indicator of the lubricated surfaces with improved adaptation. Our results indicate that the protein–protein effects help stabilize the structure of adsorbed lysozyme on pHEMA with the raised friction coefficient measured critical for the innovation of contact lens material designs with improved adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chen-Ying Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chia-Hua Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.-W.F.); (Y.W.)
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10
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Moezzi AM, Varikooty J, Luensmann D, Schulze MM, Ng A, Karkkainen T, Xu J, Jones L. The short-term physiological impact of switching reusable silicone hydrogel wearers into a hydrogel daily disposable multifocal. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1193-1202. [PMID: 31371916 PMCID: PMC6636608 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s208905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate ocular physiological responses to etafilcon A multifocal (etMF) daily disposable (DD) lenses after 4 weeks of wear, when switching from habitual silicone hydrogel (SiHy) daily wear. Method: A single-arm, open-label, bilateral dispensing study was conducted in 39 habitual spherical SiHy wearers (14 hyperopes; 25 myopes). Clinical visits occurred with habitual SiHy (control) at baseline and after 4 weeks of etMF DD open-eye lens wear at exit. Objective limbal/bulbar hyperemia using the Oculus K5M (0–4) and subjective grading of lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) (0–4) were tested for non-inferiority (NI), using a margin of 1 grade. Corneal thickness along a 10 mm cord was measured using the Visante OCT and tested for NI using a 30 μm margin. Corneal staining area was graded (0–100%). Results: The least-square mean differences (LSMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between etMF DD and habitual SiHy in central and peripheral corneal thickness (μm) were 3.64 (−2.0, 9.29) and 3.0 (−7.72, 13.72) in hyperopic, and 3.56 (−0.66, 7.78) and 6.40 (−1.62, 14.42) in myopic subjects. The LSMD (95% CI) for bulbar and limbal hyperemia were −0.08 (−0.19, 0.02) and −0.01 (−0.12, 0.09) in hyperopes, and 0.04 (−0.03, 0.12) and 0.04 (−0.04, 0.11) in myopes. The LSMD (95% CI) for LWE were 0.11 (−0.39, 0.60) and 0.30 (−0.07, 0.67) for hyperopes and myopes, respectively. Conclusions: No clinically significant differences in a variety of physiological responses were found when habitual reusable SiHy daily wear subjects were refitted into hydrogel etMF, when the subjects were followed for 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Moezzi
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jalaiah Varikooty
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doerte Luensmann
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-Matthias Schulze
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Ng
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Karkkainen
- Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE, formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Wang J, Hu L, Shi C, Jiang H. Inter-visit measurement variability of conjunctival vasculature and circulation in habitual contact lens wearers and non-lens wearers. EYE AND VISION 2019; 6:10. [PMID: 30984795 PMCID: PMC6442401 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-019-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The inter-visit variation of measuring bulbar conjunctival microvasculature and microcirculation needs to be considered when the results from multiple visits are interpreted. This study examined the inter-visit variability of measuring conjunctival microvasculature and microcirculation in habitual contact lens (HCL) wearers and non-contact lens (NCL) wearers. Methods Twenty-eight subjects were recruited including 13 HCL wearers (10 females and 3 males; mean age ± standard deviation, 25.8 ± 4.6 years) who had worn contact lenses on a daily basis for at least 3 years and 15 NCL wearers (10 females and 5 males, age 25.5 ± 4.0 years) were recruited. The temporal bulbar conjunctiva was imaged using a functional slit-lamp bio-microscope (FSLB) imaging system. FSLB imaging was performed in the morning when the HCL wearers did not wear their lenses. The measurements included conjunctival vessel diameter, vessel density, blood flow velocity and flow volume. In addition, conjunctival microvasculature was analyzed using monofractal (Dbox, representing vessel density) and multifractal (D0 representing vessel complexity) analyses. The repeated measurement was conducted at least one week after the first visit and both eyes of each participant were imaged. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as the standard deviation of the differences between test and re-test then divided by the mean of the measurements. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was also calculated. Results No significant differences of all vascular measurements in both the right and left eyes were found between two groups (P > 0.05). Between two measurements on two different visits, the CV was from 2.4% (vessel density D0) to 63.5% (blood flow volume Q) in HCL wearers and from 3.4% (D0) to 40.6% (blood flow volume) in NCL wearers. The ICC was from 0.60 (vessel diameter) to 0.81 (axial blood flow velocity VA) in HCL wearers and from 0.44 (Q) to 0.68 (cross-sectional blood flow velocity VS) in NCL wearers. Conclusions The measurement variability of the vessel density of the bulbar conjunctiva appeared to have the smallest inter-visit variation. The measurement variability of the vasculature and circulation in HCL wearers were similar to that in NCL wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- 1Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Liang Hu
- 1Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA.,2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ce Shi
- 1Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA.,2School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- 1Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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Hu L, Shi C, Jiang H, Shi Y, Sethi Z, Wang J. Factors Affecting Microvascular Responses in the Bulbar Conjunctiva in Habitual Contact Lens Wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4108-4114. [PMID: 30098199 PMCID: PMC6088803 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the factors affecting microvascular responses in the bulbar conjunctiva of habitual contact lens (HCL) wearers. Methods A functional slit-lamp biomicroscope (FSLB) was used to image the temporal bulbar conjunctiva of habitual contact lens (HCL) wearers and non-contact lens (NCL) wearers. The vessel diameters and blood flow velocities (BFVs) were measured. Fractal analysis using Dbox as vessel density and D0 as vessel complexity were used to quantitatively analyze the microvascular network. One eye each of 91 NCL wearers and 75 HCL wearers was imaged. Results The BFV of NCL wearers was 0.50 ± 0.14 mm/s, which was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). The BFV, vessel diameter, Dbox, and D0 of HCL wearers was significantly higher than NCL wearers (P < 0.05). In these HCL wearers, BFVs were positively correlated with contact lens (CL) hours of wear per day and CL days of wear per week. BFV, Dbox, and D0 were not related to CL years of wear, CL power, CL base curve, and CL diameter (P > 0.05). Conclusions Vascular responses on the bulbar conjunctiva occurred in HCL wearers and appeared to be unrelated to sex or age, CL years of wear, and lens parameters, indicating that wearing a CL itself may be the predominant factor inducing these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ce Shi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Yingying Shi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Zubin Sethi
- School of Business Administration, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
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