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Urmi UL, Vijay AK, Willcox MDP, Attard S, Enninful G, Kumar N, Islam S, Kuppusamy R. Exploring the Efficacy of Peptides and Mimics against Influenza A Virus, Adenovirus, and Murine Norovirus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7030. [PMID: 39000138 PMCID: PMC11240954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing battle against viral pandemics continues, with the possibility of future outbreaks. The search for effective antiviral compounds that can combat a diverse range of viruses continues to be a focal point of research. This study investigated the efficacy of two natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (lactoferricin and LL-37), two synthetic AMPs (melimine and Mel4), and nine AMP mimics (758, 1091, 1096, 1083, 610, NAPL, 3-BIPL, 4-BIPL, and Sau-22) against influenza A virus strains H1N1 and H3N2, human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5), and murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1). These compounds were tested using virus pre-treatment, cell pre-treatment, or post-cell entry treatment assays, electron microscopy, and circular dichroism (CD), alongside evaluations of cytotoxicity against the host cells. After virus pre-treatment, the AMP mimics 610 and Sau-22 had relatively low IC50 values for influenza strains H1N1 (2.35 and 6.93 µM, respectively) and H3N2 (3.7 and 5.34 µM, respectively). Conversely, natural and synthetic AMPs were not active against these strains. For the non-enveloped viruses, the AMP Mel4 and mimic 1083 had moderate activity against HAdV-5 (Mel4 IC50 = 47.4 µM; 1083 IC50 = 47.2 µM), whereas all AMPs, but none of the mimics, were active against norovirus (LL-37 IC50 = 4.2 µM; lactoferricin IC50 = 23.18 µM; melimine IC50 = 4.8 µM; Mel4 IC50 = 8.6 µM). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the mimics targeted the outer envelope of influenza viruses, while the AMPs targeted the capsid of non-enveloped viruses. CD showed that Mel4 adopted an α-helical structure in a membrane mimetic environment, but mimic 758 remained unstructured. The diverse activity against different virus groups is probably influenced by charge, hydrophobicity, size, and, in the case of natural and synthetic AMPs, their secondary structure. These findings underscore the potential of peptides and mimics as promising candidates for antiviral therapeutics against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Laila Urmi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Samuel Attard
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Enninful
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Salequl Islam
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Urmi UL, Attard S, Vijay AK, Willcox MDP, Kumar N, Islam S, Kuppusamy R. Antiviral Activity of Anthranilamide Peptidomimetics against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and a Coronavirus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 37760732 PMCID: PMC10525570 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of potent antiviral agents is of utmost importance to combat the global burden of viral infections. Traditional antiviral drug development involves targeting specific viral proteins, which may lead to the emergence of resistant strains. To explore alternative strategies, we investigated the antiviral potential of antimicrobial peptidomimetic compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of 17 short anthranilamide-based peptidomimetic compounds against two viruses: Murine hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1) which is a surrogate of human coronaviruses and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of these compounds were determined in vitro to assess their potency as antiviral agents. Compounds 11 and 14 displayed the most potent inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 2.38 μM, and 6.3 μM against MHV-1 while compounds 9 and 14 showed IC50 values of 14.8 μM and 13 μM against HSV-1. Multiple antiviral assessments and microscopic images obtained through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) collectively demonstrated that these compounds exert a direct influence on the viral envelope. Based on this outcome, it can be concluded that peptidomimetic compounds could offer a new approach for the development of potent antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Laila Urmi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.V.); (S.I.); (R.K.)
| | - Samuel Attard
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.V.); (S.I.); (R.K.)
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.V.); (S.I.); (R.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Salequl Islam
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.V.); (S.I.); (R.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (A.K.V.); (S.I.); (R.K.)
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.A.); (N.K.)
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Veugen JMJ, Nuijts RMMA, van den Biggelaar FJHM, Gijs M, Savelkoul PHM, Wolffs PFG, Dickman MM. Effectiveness of Commonly Used Contact Lens Disinfectants Against SARS-CoV-2. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:362-368. [PMID: 35971234 PMCID: PMC9398461 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of commonly used contact lens disinfectants against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS The efficacy of five disinfectant solutions against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in the presence and absence of contact lenses (CLs). Three types of unused CLs (hard gas permeable, soft hydrogel, and soft silicone hydrogel) and worn silicone hydrogel CLs were tested. Contact lenses were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and disinfected at various times, with and without rubbing and rinsing, as per manufacturer's instructions. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viability polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. RESULTS In the presence of SARS-CoV-2-infected CLs, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected when disinfectant solutions were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. When SARS-Co-V2-infected CLs were disinfected without the rub-and-rinse step, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected at almost each time interval with each disinfecting solution tested for both new and worn CLs. In the absence of CLs, viable SARS-CoV-2 was detected with all disinfectant solutions except Menicon Progent at all time points. CONCLUSIONS Disinfectant solutions effectively disinfect CLs from SARS-CoV-2 if manufacturer's instructions are followed. The rub-and-rinse regimen is mainly responsible for disinfection. The viability PCR may be useful to indicate potential infectiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. J. Veugen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy M. M. A. Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. H. M. van den Biggelaar
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. M. Savelkoul
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra F. G. Wolffs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M. Dickman
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) (J.M.J.V., R.M.M.A.N., F.J.H.M.v.d.B., M.G., M.M.D.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology (J.M.J.V., P.H.M.S., P.F.G.W.), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) (J.M.J.V., P.F.G.W.), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology (R.M.M.A.N.), Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (P.H.M.S.), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lourenco Nogueira C, Boegel SJ, Shukla M, Ngo W, Jones L, Aucoin MG. Antiviral Activity of Contemporary Contact Lens Care Solutions against Two Human Seasonal Coronavirus Strains. Pathogens 2022; 11:472. [PMID: 35456147 PMCID: PMC9026382 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Given that reports have suggested SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via conjunctiva, the ability of contact lens (CL) care products to reduce the infectiousness of two seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) surrogates for SARS-CoV-2 was investigated. Methods: Biotrue and Boston Simplus (Bausch&Lomb), OPTI-FREE Puremoist and Clear Care (Alcon), and cleadew and cleadew GP (Ophtecs) were tested. Their ability to inactivate HCoV was evaluated using contact times of 4 and 6 h as well as 1% and 10% of virus inoculum. Results: Non-oxidative systems (Biotrue, Boston Simplus, and OPTI-FREE) did not exhibit a significant log10 reduction compared to controls for the two viral strains for either incubation time (all p > 0.05) when 10% tests were performed. For the 1% test, while Boston Simplus and OPTI-FREE exhibited a significant log10 reduction of both HCoV-229E (after 6 h) and HCoV-OC43 (after either 4 or 6 h incubation), those products showed less than 1 log10 reduction of the two infectious viruses. Oxidative systems based on hydrogen peroxide or povidone-iodine showed a significant log10 reduction compared with the controls for both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 in all tested conditions (all p < 0.01). Clear Care led to virus inactivation to below the limit of quantification for tests performed with 1% of inoculum after 6 h incubation, while cleadew and cleadew GP led to inactivation of the two viruses to below the limit of quantification in all tested conditions. Conclusion: Oxidative CL disinfection systems showed significant virucidal activity against HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, while non-oxidative systems showed minimal ability to inactivate the HCoV species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Joseph Boegel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.L.N.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Manish Shukla
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.S.); (W.N.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.S.); (W.N.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (M.S.); (W.N.); (L.J.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Marc G. Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.L.N.); (S.J.B.)
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