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Altered Expression of Survivin Variants S-2B and S-WT in Breast Cancer Is Related to Adipokine Expression. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7398444. [PMID: 35342410 PMCID: PMC8942702 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7398444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the leading causes of death in women with these types of malignancies. Early detection is pivotal to improve prognosis and reduce mortality. Several proteins and genes have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer; however, further studies are required before a molecule is accepted as a definitive biomarker. This study was aimed at investigating the expression of survivin variants S-WT, S-2B, and S-ΔEx3, as well as adipokines LEP and ADIPOQ in breast cancer. Breast samples were obtained from patients with (n = 27) and without (n = 20) BCa, and relative gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. S-WT and S-2B showed a significant increase in BCa samples (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively) and in high-aggressiveness BCa (p = 0.026 and p = 0.037, respectively). Despite S-ΔEx3 expression remained globally unchanged, when dividing BCa samples according to the stage, this gene showed a significant tendency to increase towards more advanced stages, and the exact opposite effect was observed for LEP. Furthermore, LEP expression showed a negative correlation with S-2B (p = 0.005) and S-WT (p = 0.011), and in the same manner, ADIPOQ was negatively related with these two survivin variants (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Interestingly, S-ΔEx3 expression appears unaffected by LEP and ADIPOQ expressions. Our results highlight the importance of investigating specific variants of a given gene, as sequence variation may grant different correlation with other important structures and diseases.
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Miliaraki M, Briassoulis P, Ilia S, Polonifi A, Mantzourani M, Briassouli E, Vardas K, Nanas S, Pistiki A, Theodorakopoulou M, Tavladaki T, Spanaki AM, Kondili E, Dimitriou H, Tsiodras S, Georgopoulos D, Armaganidis A, Daikos G, Briassoulis G. Survivin and caspases serum protein levels and survivin variants mRNA expression in sepsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1049. [PMID: 33441606 PMCID: PMC7806640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection related to devastating outcomes. Recently, interest has been shifted towards apoptotic and antiapoptotic pathobiology. Apoptosis is executed through the activation of caspases regulated by a number of antiapoptotic proteins, such as survivin. The survivin and caspases’ responses to sepsis have not yet been elucidated. This is a multicenter prospective observational study concerning patients with sepsis (n = 107) compared to patients with traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (n = 75) and to healthy controls (n = 89). The expression of survivin was quantified through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the different survivin splice variants (wild type-WT, ΔEx3, 2B, 3B) in peripheral blood leukocytes. The apoptotic or antiapoptotic tendency was specified by measuring survivin-WT, caspase-3, and -9 serum protein concentrations through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The survivin-WT, -2B, -ΔΕx3 mRNA, survivin protein, and caspases showed an escalated increase in SIRS and sepsis, whereas survivin-3B was repressed in sepsis (p < 0.05). Survivin correlated with IL-8 and caspase-9 (p < 0.01). For discriminating sepsis, caspase-9 achieved the best receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95. In predicting mortality, caspase-9 and survivin protein achieved an AUROC of 0.70. In conclusion, specific apoptotic and antiapoptotic pathways might represent attractive targets for future research in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Miliaraki
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Postgraduate Program "Emergencies and Intensive Care in Children Adolescents and Young Adults", Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Briassoulis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Postgraduate Program "Emergencies and Intensive Care in Children Adolescents and Young Adults", Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Postgraduate Program "Emergencies and Intensive Care in Children Adolescents and Young Adults", Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polonifi
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Mantzourani
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efrossini Briassouli
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vardas
- First Critical Care Department, Evangelismos University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- First Critical Care Department, Evangelismos University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Theodorakopoulou
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theonymfi Tavladaki
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Maria Spanaki
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eumorfia Kondili
- Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen Dimitriou
- Division of Mother and Child Health, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Armaganidis
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Daikos
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Briassoulis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Postgraduate Program "Emergencies and Intensive Care in Children Adolescents and Young Adults", Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Laka K, Makgoo L, Mbita Z. Survivin Splice Variants in Arsenic Trioxide (As₂O₃)-Induced Deactivation of PI3K and MAPK Cell Signalling Pathways in MCF-7 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010041. [PMID: 30646589 PMCID: PMC6356383 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathways are deregulated during carcinogenesis but most notably, tumour cells can lose cell cycle control and acquire resistance to apoptosis by expressing a number of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Inhibitors of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family of proteins that include survivin, which is implicated in cancer development. There is no study which had proven that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has any effect on the splicing machinery of survivin and its splice variants, hence this study was aimed at determining the cytotoxic effect of As2O3 and its effect on the expression pattern of survivin splice variants in MCF-7 cells. As2O3 inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The Muse® Cell Analyser showed that As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis without causing any damage to the mitochondrial membrane of MCF-7 cells. As2O3 also deactivated two survival pathways, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) signalling pathways in MCF-7 cells. Deactivation of the two pathways was accompanied by the upregulation of survivin 3α during As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Survivin 2B was found to be upregulated only during As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest but downregulated during As2O3-induced apoptosis. Survivin wild-type was highly expressed in the untreated MCF-7 cells, the expression was upregulated during As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and it was downregulated during As2O3-induced apoptosis. Survivin variant ΔEx3 was undetected in both untreated and treated MCF-7 cells. Survivin proteins were localised in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in MCF-7 cells and highly upregulated during the As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which can be attributed to the upregulation of survivin-2B. This study has provided the first evidence showing that the novel survivin 2B splice variant may be involved in the regulation of As2O3-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest only. This splice variant can therefore, be targeted for therapeutic purposes against Luminal A breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagiso Laka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, Polokwane, South Africa.
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Eren-Keleş E, Karabulut HG, Çakmaklı HF, Adaklı B, Köse SK, Uğur-Dinçaslan H, Yavuz G, Ertem M, Tükün A. Expression of Survivin and Its Splice Variants in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:680-685. [PMID: 30489176 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Survivin is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis and the regulation of cell division. In addition to wild-type survivin (survivin-wt), at least four splice variants with differential functions (ΔEx3 and 3B antiapoptotic, and 2α and 2B proapoptotic) have been identified. Survivin is highly expressed in several cancers, including hematological malignancies. Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy in children, studies that investigated survivin expression in ALL are limited, and there is no study on 3B and 2α expression in ALL. Therefore the expression of survivin-wt and its splice variants was investigated in pediatric B-cell ALL patients. Materials and Methods: The expression of survivin-wt and its four splice variants was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in archival RNA samples of 35 pediatric B-cell ALL patients. Patients were divided into high- and standard-risk groups according to age, white blood cell count, extramedullary involvement, and genetic risk factors; expression of survivin variants was compared between these two risk groups. Results: We found that the ratio of survivin-ΔEx3/wild type (WT) expression was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Conclusion: Comparative analysis between the high- and low-risk B-cell ALL groups indicated that the survivin-ΔEx3/WT expression ratio could potentially be used in risk classification for pediatric B-cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efsun Eren-Keleş
- Central Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Fatih Çakmaklı
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Adaklı
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istinye University, Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kenan Köse
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Handan Uğur-Dinçaslan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsan Yavuz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ertem
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ajlan Tükün
- Duzen Laboratories Group, Division of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
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Poumpouridou N, Acha-Sagredo A, Goutas N, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Chatziioannidou I, Lianidou E, Liloglou T, Kroupis C. Development and validation of molecular methodologies to assess PALB2 expression in sporadic breast cancer. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:253-9. [PMID: 26526077 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent reports have included PALB2 (Partner and localizer of BRCA2) in the growing list of hereditary cancer genes. PALB2 mutations confer a moderate breast cancer risk in heterozygotes and Fanconi anemia in biallelic mutation carriers. PALB2 protein co-localizes with BRCA2 and BRCA1 in nuclear structures and enables error-free homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. This important contribution could be severely diminished if affected by epigenetic mechanisms such as promoter CpG island methylation. The aim of our study was to develop molecular methodologies in order to assess accurately PALB2 expression in breast cancer tissues. DESIGN AND METHODS DNA and RNA were extracted from 91 sporadic fresh-frozen breast tissues with known histopathological data. DNA was subjected to sodium bisulfite conversion reaction and the CpG island of the PALB2 promoter was analyzed by pyrosequencing. RNA was converted to cDNA and analyzed by a newly developed and validated RT-qPCR assay based on a hydrolysis probe (TaqMan) in the Light Cycler. RESULTS PALB2 promoter was not methylated in any of the samples tested. 87 out of 91 (95.6%) primary tumors were positive for PALB2 expression, as checked at the mRNA level. When levels of PALB2 mRNA were compared to histopathological data (tumor size, grade, lymph node involvement, metastasis, hormone receptors and HER2 overexpression), no significant statistical correlation was found. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation is an unlike mechanism for PALB2 transcriptional regulation. PALB2 mRNA expression does not seem be a promising prognostic biomarker for sporadic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Poumpouridou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Haidari 12462, Greece
| | - Amelia Acha-Sagredo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L3 9TA Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, Evgenidio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 15128, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Chatziioannidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Haidari 12462, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L3 9TA Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Karaglani M, Toumpoulis I, Goutas N, Poumpouridou N, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Vasilaros S, Rizos I, Kroupis C. Development of novel real-time PCR methodology for quantification of COL11A1 mRNA variants and evaluation in breast cancer tissue specimens. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:694. [PMID: 26466668 PMCID: PMC4606509 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collagen XI is a key structural component of the extracellular matrix and consists of three alpha chains. One of these chains, the α1 (XI), is encoded by the COL11A1 gene and is transcribed to four different variants at least (A, B, C and E) that differ in the propensity to N-terminal domain proteolysis and potentially in the way the extracellular matrix is arranged. This could affect the ability of tumor cells to invade the remodeled stroma and metastasize. No study in the literature has so far investigated the expression of these four variants in breast cancer nor does a method for their accurate quantitative detection exist. Methods We developed a conventional PCR for the general detection of the general COL11A1 transcript and real-time qPCR methodologies with dual hybridization probes in the LightCycler platform for the quantitative determination of the variants. Data from 90 breast cancer tissues with known histopathological features were collected. Results The general COL11A1 transcript was detected in all samples. The developed methodologies for each variant were rapid as well as reproducible, sensitive and specific. Variant A was detected in 30 samples (33 %) and variant E in 62 samples (69 %). Variants B and C were not detected at all. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the presence of variant E and lymph nodes involvement (p = 0.037) and metastasis (p = 0.041). Conclusions With the newly developed tools, the possibility of inclusion of COL11A1 variants as prognostic biomarkers in emerging multiparameter technologies examining tissue RNA expression should be further explored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1725-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makrina Karaglani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Rimini 1 St., Haidari, 12462, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Toumpoulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Pathologic Anatomy Laboratory, Evgenidio Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikoleta Poumpouridou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Rimini 1 St., Haidari, 12462, Greece.
| | | | | | - Ioannis Rizos
- Department of Cardiology, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Attikon University General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Rimini 1 St., Haidari, 12462, Greece.
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Turkkila M, Andersson KME, Amu S, Brisslert M, Erlandsson MC, Silfverswärd S, Bokarewa MI. Suppressed diversity of survivin splicing in active rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:175. [PMID: 26160473 PMCID: PMC4702383 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alternative splicing distinguishes normal and pathologic cells. High levels of oncoprotein survivin recognise patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we assess clinical relevance of alternative splicing of survivin in leukocytes of peripheral blood (PBMC) and bone marrow (BM) in RA patients. Method Transcription of survivin wild-type (survivin-WT), survivin-2B and survivin-ΔEx3 was measured in 67 randomly selected RA patients and in 23 patients before and after B cell depletion with rituximab. Analysis was done in relation to disease activity, anti-rheumatic treatment and serum levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) and survivin. Results Survivin-WT was the dominant splice variant equally expressed in T and B cells, while survivin-2B and survivin-ΔEx3 were higher in B cells. High disease activity (DAS28>5.1) was associated with an excess of survivin-WT and low ratios between survivin-2B/WT (p=0.035) and survivin-ΔEx3/WT in PBMC. Depletion of B cells by rituximab caused a decrease in survivin-WT (p=0.005) in PBMC, increasing the ratio between survivin-2B/WT (p=0.009) and survivin-ΔEx3/WT (p=0.001) in BM. This increase in survivin-2B/WT was associated with reduction in CD19+ BM cells (r=0.929, p=0.007), RF (IgM, r=0.857, p=0.024; IgA, r=0.739, p=0.021), and DAS28 (0.636, p=0.054). The increase in survivin-ΔEx3 in BM was associated with a reduction of CD19+ BM cells (r=0.714, p=0.058) and DAS28 (r=0.648, p=0.049), while survivin-ΔEx3/WT was associated with RF (IgG, r=0.882, p=0.016). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the suppressed diversity of survivin splicing in leukocytes may attribute to adverse self-recognition in RA. Depletion of autoantibody producing B cells improves the balance of survivin splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Turkkila
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16 FE280, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Brisslert
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, BOX 480, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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High expression of survivin and its splice variants survivin ΔEx3 and survivin 2 B in oral cancers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:497-507. [PMID: 26346910 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously reported inactivation of p53 in 46% of Indian patients with oral cancer. Survivin, a p53 target gene and an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), is overexpressed in several cancers, including oral cancers. Studies assessing the role of survivin and its splice variants in oral cancers are, however, rare. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of 6 survivin isoforms in 4 oral cancer cell lines (AW8507, AW13516, UPCI-SCC040, UPCI-SCC029 B), a dysplastic oral cell line (DOK), 75 paired oral tumor and adjacent normal tissues, and 12 normal oral tissue samples from healthy individuals was analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, which included age, sex, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, tobacco and/or alcohol consumption, site, and differentiation status of tumor. RESULTS This is the first study to find overexpression of the 6 characterized survivin isoforms in oral cancers compared with normal tissues (P < .05). Additionally, a significant (P < .05) correlation among the fold changes of all 6 survivin isoforms was observed. Survivin wild type (wt) was the predominantly expressed isoform in oral cell lines and tumor tissues versus normal tissues (P < .05). Among the minor isoforms, survivin ΔEx3 and survivin 2 B were dominantly expressed, whereas survivin 2 α and survivin 3 α overexpression was found for the first time. Further high survivin 3 B expression exhibited a significant association (P < .05) with poorly differentiated tumors. Interestingly the combined expression of the antiapoptotic survivin isoforms, survivin wt, survivin ΔEx3, and survivin 3 B, exhibited a significant association with TNM staging of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Our studies thus indicate that oral cancers overexpress the antiapoptotic survivin variants, which exhibit an association with advanced tumor stage, implying a role for these variants in oral tumorigenesis.
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Pavlidou A, Kroupis C, Dimas K. Association of survivin splice variants with prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:883-894. [PMID: 25493226 PMCID: PMC4259950 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the overview of current knowledge regarding the use of survivin and its isoforms in prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. An advanced search of Medline was performed using the following search strategy: “(survivin isoforms) OR (survivin transcript variants) AND (breast cancer) AND (neoplasm OR tumor OR cancer OR carcinoma)”. Relevant studies were retrieved and processed thoroughly in order to analyze the related data. Besides wild-type survivin full-length transcript, another six splice variants have been identified. Overexpression of survivin and its isoforms leads to shorter overall and disease-free survival; the transcript variants are correlated with apoptosis and could assist prognosis prediction. It has been proved through numerous studies that inhibiting survivin isoforms might become a promising target of drug therapy of carcinomas. Use of small molecule YM155 could offer new therapy for triple negative breast cancer patients, while, chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide and Tax-Epi could be guided by survivin splice variants measurements. Survivin transcript variants could become prognostic biomarkers and could provide information about clinical management of patients suffering from breast cancer.
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