Colonic Metastasis From Gastric Cancer

Modified Banxiaxiexin decoction benefitted chemotherapy in treating gastric cancer by regulating multiple targets and pathways

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Chemotherapy tolerance weakened efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in the treating gastric cancer (GC). Banxiaxiexin decoction (BXXXD) was widely used in digestive diseases for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In order to better treat GC, three other herbs were added to BXXXD to create a new prescription named Modified Banxiaxiexin decoction (MBXXXD). Although MBXXXD potentially treated GC by improving chemotherapy tolerance, the possible mechanisms were still unknown.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To explore the therapeutic effect of MBXXXD on GC patients and explore the possible anti-cancer mechanism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A randomized controlled trial (n = 146) was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy between MBXXXD + chemotherapy (n = 73) and placebo + chemotherapy (n = 73) in GC patients by testing overall survival, progression free survival, clinical symptoms, quality of life score, tumor markers, T cell subpopulation, and adverse reactions. Network pharmacology was conducted to discover the potential mechanism of MBXXXD in treating GC. Metabolic activity assay, cell clone colony formation and mitochondrial apoptosis were detected in human GC cell lines including AGS cell, KNM-45 cell and SGC7901 cell treated by MBXXXD. Multiple pathways including P53, AKT, IκB, P65, P38, ERK, JNK p-AKT, p-P65, p-P38, p-ERK and p-JNK in AGS cell, KNM-45 cell and SGC7901 cell treated by MBXXXD and GC patients treated by MBXXXD + chemotherapy were also detected.

RESULTS

MBXXXD + chemotherapy promoted overall survival and progression free survival, improved clinical symptoms and quality of life score, increased T4 lymphocyte ratio and T8 lymphocyte ratio as well as T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio, and alleviated adverse reactions in GC patients. Network pharmacology predicted multiple targets and pathways of MBXXXD in treating GC including apoptosis, P53 pathway, AKT pathway, MAPK pathway. MBXXXD inhibited cell viability, decreased cell clone colony formation, and promoted mitochondrial apoptosis by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9, and decreasing mito-tracker red Chloromethyl-X-rosamine (CMXRos) in AGS cell, KNM-45 cell and SGC7901 cell. MBXXXD up-regulated the expression of P53 and IκB, and down-regulated the expression of p-AKT, p-P65, p-P38, p-ERK, p-JNK, AKT, P65, P38, ERK and JNK AGS cell, KNM-45 cell and SGC7901 cell treated by MBXXXD and GC patients treated by MBXXXD + chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION

MBXXXD benefitted chemotherapy for GC by regulating multiple targets and pathways.

Colonic Metastasis in a Patient With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Case Report

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to atypical locations can complicate management, often leading clinicians to rely heavily on chemotherapy. While instances of gastric carcinoma spreading to the liver, peritoneum, and lymphatics are well documented in the literature, there is limited evidence of its spread to intraintestinal organs, particularly the colon. This scarcity of reports complicates diagnosis, given the variations in histopathology. This case report highlights a 35-year-old patient diagnosed with colonic metastasis from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) while being evaluated for potential causes of iron deficiency anemia. A mutation in the E-cadherin (CDH1) tumor suppressor gene is associated with HDGC. Dysregulation of CDH1 leads to tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Treatment options for gastric cancer include surgical resection with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or palliative care with chemotherapy in metastatic disease. Although colonic metastasis from gastric cancer is rare, documented incidents can offer valuable insights that avoid misdiagnosing primary tumors and help guide further management.

A rare case of colorectal metastasis found 8 years and 10 months after gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: A case report and literature review

Colorectal metastasis from gastric cancer is rare and may develop several years after gastric cancer surgery. Therefore, colonoscopic findings provide useful diagnostic information. The present report describes a case of gastric cancer colon metastasis diagnosed 8 years and 10 months after gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. A 64-year-old male patient underwent gastrectomy in December 2010 and received chemotherapy for 4 years and 10 months after the surgery. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed as having colorectal cancer by computed tomography in February 2019. Colonoscopy revealed linitis plastica-like colon stenosis; however, biopsy pathology did not reveal any findings indicating malignancy. Right hemicolectomy was performed, and pathological examination revealed colon metastasis from gastric cancer. The patient received chemotherapy but died of peritoneal carcinomatosis 1 year and 8 months after the colectomy. According to literature, colorectal metastasis from gastric cancer is often attributed to hematogenous metastasis and often exhibits characteristic macroscopic features. Treatments, such as chemotherapy for gastric cancer and/or colorectal resection, are considered effective for gastric cancer colorectal metastasis.

Simultaneous colonic metastasis of advanced gastric cancer: a case report

BACKGROUND

Although distant metastasis in gastric cancer can be present at the time of the initial diagnosis, colonic metastasis is extremely rare. This report describes a case of simultaneous colonic metastasis of advanced gastric cancer.

CASE PRESENTATION

The patient was a 78-year-old woman with nausea and epigastric pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an advanced invasive ulcerative tumor in the lesser curvature of the stomach extending from the anterior to the middle portion. Colonoscopy revealed a 4-mm polyp-like lesion in the mid-transverse colon; therefore, a polypectomy was performed. Both gastric and colonic tumors showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma. After providing informed consent, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy. Histologic examination showed similar morphologic features of both gastric and colonic tumors. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that these tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and negative for CK20.

CONCLUSIONS

This was an extremely rare case of simultaneous colonic metastasis of advanced gastric cancer. Because missed metastasis can result in a poorer prognosis, we propose a systemic search including colonoscopy for patients with advanced gastric cancer, especially cases involving poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma.

Metastasis From Gastric Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Rectosigmoid Stricture: A Rare Case

We present the case of a 55-year-old man who was admitted with new abdominal ascites and change in stool caliber. The colonoscopy examination revealed a severe stricture with inflamed friable mucosa measuring 8 cm in length in the rectosigmoid colon. Histologically, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells was seen. The patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which was suggestive of linitis plastica of the stomach. On microscopic examination, biopsy reported poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with occasional signet ring cells as the primary source.

Lymphogenous metastasis to the transverse colon that originated from signet-ring cell gastric cancer: A case report and review of the literature

Metastases to the colon are rare and a high-frequency primary region is the stomach. In cases of metastases to the colon, the morphological type of the metastatic region is mostly the infiltrating type of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with lymph and blood vessel invasion. A case of cancer metastasis to the transverse colon that originated from advanced gastric cancer, which shows the difficulties in the precise diagnosis of metastases to the colon, is presented. In the present case, the gastric carcinoma was determined to be an advanced infiltrative ulcerative adenocarcinoma and the colon carcinoma was determined to be a superficial depressed adenocarcinoma. After surgery, the colon carcinoma was diagnosed as a metastatic adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma with high invasion of vessels, by immunohistopathological analysis of CK7, CK20, p53 and HER-2. In this report, previously reported cases of metastases to the colon from gastric cancer were reviewed and their morphological characteristics were analyzed.

Colonic Metastasis From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Demonstrated With 18F-FDG PET/CT

Metastatic involvement of the colon is extremely rare. We report a 63-year-old man with colonic metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Whole-body F-FDG PET/CT showed abnormal tracer uptakes in the sigmoid colon, which was subsequently confirmed as metastatic from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Early gastric cancer metastasizing to the rectum, possibly via a hematogenous route: a case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND

The most common pattern of recurrence of gastric cancer (GC) is peritoneal dissemination. However, rectal metastasis via hematogenous or lymphatic spread is exceedingly rare. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with an intramucosal GC who developed a rectal recurrence, possibly via a hematogenous route.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 65-year-old man underwent curative endoscopic submucosal dissections for the intramucosal GCs at the anterior wall of the fornix twice. The third GC at the similar location was treated by radical laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy; microscopic examination revealed well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma confined to the lamina propria mucosae (T1aN0M0, stage IA). Follow-up colonoscopy revealed a 30-mm submucosal mass in the rectal wall 2 years later, and a metastasis of gastric origin was suspected histopathologically. After a staging laparoscopy confirmed the absence of findings suggestive of serosal involvement or peritoneal dissemination, including negative peritoneal washing cytology, a laparoscopic low anterior resection with lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was found to mainly be located in the submucosal layer and showed features of moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The serosal surface was free of disseminated tumor. Lymph node metastases were identified. Immunohistochemically, there were foci of carcinoma cells that were positive for cytokeratin 20; however, they were negative for cytokeratin 7. Negative staining for caudal-type homeobox 2, a transcription factor indicating goblet cell differentiation, combined with absence of intramucosal carcinoma in the rectal mucosa, suggested a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of gastric origin. The absence of evidence of peritoneal dissemination suggested hematogenous or lymphatic spread.

CONCLUSION

Although rectal metastasis from GC, particularly when attributable to hematologic or lymphatic metastasis, is very rare, metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients who present with a rectal tumor and a past history of GC, even if it is an early GC.

Impacted Foreign Body Causing Acute Malignant Colonic Obstruction

Malignant colorectal obstruction is a serious complication of advanced cancers. The obstruction can be caused by colorectal cancer, adjacent organ cancer or distant metastases. Rectal metastases from gastric cancer are rare. Foreign body ingestion is not a rare event and the majority of them causes no symptoms or complications. Nevertheless, they are likely to stop at any narrowing or angulation of the intestinal lumen. The authors describe a rare clinical presentation of an impacted foreign body in a pathological narrowing secondary to rectal metastasis of a gastric neoplasia that caused an acute malignant colonic obstruction. After endoscopic removal of the foreign body, there was complete resolution of symptoms avoiding surgery or palliative stenting. This case report highlights the need of careful inspection of colonic malignant strictures before stenting to exclude other causes of colonic obstructions, as an impacted foreign body.