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Lim A, Edderkaoui M, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang R, Pandol SJ, Ou Y. Designing a predictive Framework: Immune-Related Gene-Based nomogram and prognostic model for kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111878. [PMID: 38493693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) is frequently associated with an unfavorable prognosis for affected individuals. Unfortunately, there has been insufficient exploration in search for a reliable prognosis signature and predictive indicators to forecast outcomes for KIRP patients. AIM The aim of this study is to employ a comprehensive analysis of data for the identification of prognosis genes, leading to the development of a nomogram with strong predictive capabilities. The objective is to provide a valuable statistical tool that, when implemented in a clinical setting, can offer patients an early opportunity for treatment and enhance their chances of ultimate recovery from this life-threatening disease. METHODS Different packages in R were used to analyze RNA-seq data from the TCGA data portal. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were also used to investigate the prognostic values of immune-related genes and construct the predictive model and nomogram. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS A total of 368 immune-related genes and 60 TFs were identified as differentially expressed in KIRP tissues compared with normal tissues. Of the 368, 23 were found to be related to overall survival. GO and KEGG analysis suggested that these prognostic immune-related genes mainly participated in the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades, Rap1 signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. 9 genes were identified from Cox regression to be statistically significant prognostic-related genes. Survival analysis showed that a model based on these 9 prognostic-related genes has high predictive performance. Immunohistochemistry results show that APOH, BIRC5, CCL19, and GRN were significantly increased in kidney cancer. B cells and CD4 + T cells were positively correlated with risk score model. CONCLUSION A prognostic model was successfully created based on 9 immune-related genes correlated with overall survival in KIRP. This work aims to provide some insight into therapeutic approaches and prognostic predictors of KIRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lim
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; University of California at Los Angeles, California
| | - Yi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; University of California at Los Angeles, California
| | - Yan Ou
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Wei C, Zhao Y, Ji T, Sun Y, Cai X, Peng X. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 Identified as the Target Protein in the Antitumor Activity of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. Front Oncol 2022; 12:865409. [PMID: 35480115 PMCID: PMC9035993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) is widely used as an adjuvant drug for tumor therapy but its antitumor therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. The prediction and analysis of natural products has previously used only network pharmacology methods to identify potential target proteins from public databases. In this study, we use comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification to determine the antitumor mechanism of T. hemsleyanum. Methods Network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the potential in vivo target proteins of T. hemsleyanum. The expression matrix and clinical data to perform an analysis of hub genes were collected from the TCGA and GTEx databases, specifically the analysis of expression, prognosis, tumor immune cell infiltration analysis, immune checkpoint genes, microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden, tumor neoantigen, and immune microenvironment, which identify the roles and biological functions of the hub genes in pan-cancer. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was used to verify the biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the pan-cancer expression profile. Results We found 124 potential in vivo target proteins of T. hemsleyanum through network pharmacological analysis, and five hub genes (AKR1C1, MET, PTK2, PIK3R1, and CDK6) were then screened by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and molecular complex detection analysis (MCODE). Experimental intervention with an aqueous extract of T. hemsleyanum verified that these hub genes are the target proteins involved in the regulation of T. hemsleyanum in cells. A pan-cancer analysis then confirmed that CDK6 and MET are potential targets upon which T. hemsleyanum may exert antitumor action, especially in ACC, CESC, LGG, and PAAD. The CDK6 protein targeted by T. hemsleyanum is also involved in the immune and mutation process of pan-cancer, especially in the regulation of immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression, microsatellite instability, tumor mutation burdens, and tumor neoantigens. Together, these analyses show that T. hemsleyanum affects tumor immune regulation and genomic stability. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that T. hemsleyanum regulates the cell cycle checkpoint. Conclusions We found that T. hemsleyanum can behave as an antitumor agent by acting as a potential cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor in CDK6-driven tumors, such as ACC, CESC, LGG, and PAAD, and that it acts as a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that inhibits the expression of the proto-oncogene MET. Combined with an analysis of immune and mutation correlations in pan-cancer, we determined that T. hemsleyanum may function biologically as an immune regulator and interfere with the stability of the tumor genome, which is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Wei
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- United New Drug Research and Development Center, Biotrans Technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- United New Drug Research and Development Center, Biotrans Technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xudong Cai
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Peng,
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Denis MG, Bennouna J. Osimertinib for Front-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients: Efficacy, Acquired Resistance and Perspectives for Subsequent Treatments. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12593-12602. [PMID: 33324104 PMCID: PMC7733376 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s218751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most efficient models for precision medicine in oncology. The most appropriate therapeutic for the patient is chosen according to the molecular characteristics of the tumor, schematically distributed between immunogenicity and oncogenic addiction. For this last concept, advanced NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is one of the most illustrative models. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the therapeutic backbone for this type of tumor. The recent development of a third-generation TKI, osimertinib, has been a new step forward in the treatment of NSCLC patients. In this article, we first review the clinical development of osimertinib and highlight its efficacy results. We then present the most frequent tumor escape mechanisms when osimertinib is prescribed in first line: off-target (MET amplification, HER2 amplification, BRAF mutation, gene fusions, histologic transformation) and on-target mechanisms (EGFR mutation). Finally, we discuss subsequent biomarker-driven treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Denis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,INSERM U1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- INSERM U1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Thoracic Oncology Unit, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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4
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Gymnopoulos M, Betancourt O, Blot V, Fujita R, Galvan D, Lieuw V, Nguyen S, Snedden J, Stewart C, Villicana J, Wojciak J, Wong E, Pardo R, Patel N, D'Hooge F, Vijayakrishnan B, Barry C, Hartley JA, Howard PW, Newman R, Coronella J. TR1801-ADC: a highly potent cMet antibody-drug conjugate with high activity in patient-derived xenograft models of solid tumors. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:54-68. [PMID: 31736230 PMCID: PMC6944112 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
cMet is a well‐characterized oncogene that is the target of many drugs including small molecule and biologic pathway inhibitors, and, more recently, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). However, the clinical benefit from cMet‐targeted therapy has been limited. We developed a novel cMet‐targeted ‘third‐generation’ ADC, TR1801‐ADC, that was optimized at different levels including specificity, stability, toxin–linker, conjugation site, and in vivo efficacy. Our nonagonistic cMet antibody was site‐specifically conjugated to the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) toxin–linker tesirine and has picomolar activity in cancer cell lines derived from different solid tumors including lung, colorectal, and gastric cancers. The potency of our cMet ADC is independent of MET gene copy number, and its antitumor activity was high not only in high cMet‐expressing cell lines but also in medium‐to‐low cMet cell lines (40 000–90 000 cMet/cell) in which a cMet ADC with tubulin inhibitor payload was considerably less potent. In vivo xenografts with low–medium cMet expression were also very responsive to TR1801‐ADC at a single dose, while a cMet ADC using a tubulin inhibitor showed a substantially reduced efficacy. Furthermore, TR1801‐ADC had excellent efficacy with significant antitumor activity in 90% of tested patient‐derived xenograft models of gastric, colorectal, and head and neck cancers: 7 of 10 gastric models, 4 of 10 colorectal cancer models, and 3 of 10 head and neck cancer models showed complete tumor regression after a single‐dose administration. Altogether, TR1801‐ADC is a new generation cMet ADC with best‐in‐class preclinical efficacy and good tolerability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Blot
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diana Galvan
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lieuw
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Nguyen
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jose Villicana
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon Wojciak
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eley Wong
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raul Pardo
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | - Neki Patel
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | | | | | - Conor Barry
- Spirogen, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, London, UK
| | | | | | - Roland Newman
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia Coronella
- Tanabe Research Laboratories U.S.A., Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Gan HK, Millward M, Hua Y, Qi C, Sai Y, Su W, Wang J, Zhang L, Frigault MM, Morgan S, Yang L, Lickliter JD. First-in-Human Phase I Study of the Selective MET Inhibitor, Savolitinib, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Activity. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4924-4932. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Targeting the Hepatocyte Growth Factor and c-Met Signaling Axis in Bone Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020384. [PMID: 30658428 PMCID: PMC6359064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the terminal stage disease of prostate, breast, renal, and lung cancers, and currently no therapeutic approach effectively cures or prevents its progression to bone metastasis. One of the hurdles to the development of new drugs for bone metastasis is the complexity and heterogeneity of the cellular components in the metastatic bone microenvironment. For example, bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and the bone marrow cells of diverse hematopoietic lineages interact with each other via numerous cytokines and receptors. c-Met tyrosine kinase receptor and its sole ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are enriched in the bone microenvironment, and their expression correlates with the progression of bone metastasis. However, no drugs or antibodies targeting the c-Met/HGF signaling axis are currently available in bone metastatic patients. This significant discrepancy should be overcome by further investigation of the roles and regulation of c-Met and HGF in the metastatic bone microenvironment. This review paper summarizes the key findings of c-Met and HGF in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for bone metastasis.
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Jia J, Morse MA, Nagy RJ, Lanman RB, Strickler JH. Cell-Free DNA Profiling to Discover Mechanisms of Exceptional Response to Cabozantinib Plus Panitumumab in a Patient With Treatment Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:305. [PMID: 30211110 PMCID: PMC6121109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET amplification is rare in treatment-naïve metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors, but can emerge as a mechanism of resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that patients with MET amplified tumors benefit from MET-targeted therapy. Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, included c-MET. Panitumumab is an inhibitor of EGFR. This report describes a patient with KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF wild-type metastatic CRC who experienced disease progression on all standard chemotherapy and anti-EGFR antibody therapy. The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating the combination of cabozantinib plus panitumumab. After only 6 weeks of treatment, the patient experienced a significant anti-tumor response. Although tumor tissue was negative for MET amplification, molecular profiling of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) revealed MET amplification. This case represents the first report showing the activity of cabozantinib in combination with panitumumab in a patient with metastatic CRC, and suggests that MET amplification in cfDNA may be a biomarker of response. A clinical trial targeting MET amplified metastatic CRC is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Jia
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - John H. Strickler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Ikeda S, Schwaederle M, Mohindra M, Fontes Jardim DL, Kurzrock R. MET alterations detected in blood-derived circulating tumor DNA correlate with bone metastases and poor prognosis. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:76. [PMID: 29866143 PMCID: PMC5987577 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We analyzed clinical associations of MET alterations in the plasma of patients with diverse malignancies. Methods Digital sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) (54–70 genes) was performed in 438 patients; 263 patients also had tissue sequencing (182–315 genes). The most represented tumor types were gastrointestinal (28.1%), brain (24.9%), and lung (23.2%). Most patients (71.2%) had recurrent/metastatic disease. Results MET alterations were observed in 31 patients (7.1%) and correlated with bone metastasis (P = 0.007), with TP53 (P = 0.001) and PTEN (P = 0.003) abnormalities, and with an increased number of alterations (median, 4 vs 1, P = 0.001) (all multivariable analyses). Patients with MET alterations demonstrated a significantly shorter median time to metastasis/recurrence (1.0 vs 10.4 months, P = 0.044, multivariable) and a poorer survival (30.6 vs 58.4 months, P = 0.013, univariate only). Of the 31 patients with MET alterations, 18 also had tissue testing; only two also had tissue MET alterations (11.1%); MET alterations were detected at a lower frequency in tissue (1.14%) compared to ctDNA (7.1%), with P = 0.0002. Conclusions In conclusion, the detection of MET alterations by liquid biopsy is feasible. MET ctDNA alterations were associated with a poorer prognosis, higher numbers of genomic abnormalities, and bone metastases. The correlation with bone metastases may explain the higher frequency of MET alterations in blood ctDNA than in tissue (since bones are rarely biopsied) and the previous observations of bone-predominant responses to MET inhibitors. The high number of co-altered genes suggests that MET inhibitors may need to be combined with other agents to induce/optimize responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0610-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadakatsu Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA. .,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Maria Schwaederle
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA.
| | - Mandakini Mohindra
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA
| | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0987, USA.
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Renal Cell Carcinoma With Leiomyomatous Stroma: A Group of Tumors With Indistinguishable Histopathologic Features, But 2 Distinct Genetic Profiles: Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of 6 Cases Negative for Aberrations Related to the VHL gene. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:192-197. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Verhoef EI, Kolijn K, De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Hoogland AM, Sleddens HFBM, Looijenga LHJ, van Leenders GJLH. MET expression during prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31029-36. [PMID: 27105539 PMCID: PMC5058736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET are under investigation for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) metastasis. Analysis of MET protein expression and genetic alterations might contribute to therapeutic stratification of prostate cancer patients. Our objective was to investigate MET on protein, DNA and RNA level in clinical prostate cancer at various stages of progression. Expression of MET was analyzed in hormone-naive primary prostate cancers (N=481), lymph node (N=40) and bone (N=8) metastases, as well as HRPC (N=54) and bone metastases (N=15). MET protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (D1C2 C-terminal antibody). MET mRNA levels and MET DNA copy numbers were determined by in situ hybridization. None of the hormone-naive primary prostate cancer or lymph node metastases demonstrated MET protein or mRNA expression. In contrast, MET protein was expressed in 12/52 (23%) evaluable HRPC resections. RNA in situ demonstrated cytoplasmic signals in 14/54 (26%) of the HRPC patients, and was associated with MET protein expression (p=0.025, χ2), in absence of MET amplification or polysomy. MET protein expression was present in 7/8 (88%) hormone-naive and 10/15 (67%) HRPC bone metastases, without association of HRPC (p=0.37; χ2), with MET polysomy in 8/13 (61%) evaluable cases. In conclusion, MET was almost exclusively expressed in HRPC and prostate cancer bone metastasis, but was not related to MET amplification or polysomy. Evaluation of MET status could be relevant for therapeutic stratification of late stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Verhoef
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Kolijn
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J De Herdt
- Othorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Othorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Marije Hoogland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Genitourinary tumours in the targeted therapies era: new advances in clinical practice and future perspectives. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 27:917-43. [PMID: 27400375 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from genitourinary tract, and are responsible for almost 359 000 newly diagnosed cases and 58 420 related deaths in USA. Continuous advances in cancer genetics and genomics have contributed towards changing the management paradigms of these neoplasms. Neoangiogenesis, through the activation of the tyrosine-kinase receptors signalling pathways, represents the key mediator event in promoting tumour proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness and motility. In the last decade, several treatments have been developed with the specific aim of targeting different cell pathways that have been recognized to drive tumour progression. The following review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature, focusing on new advances in targeted therapies for genitourinary tumours. Furthermore, the promising results of the latest clinical trials and future perspectives will be discussed.
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An Assessment of Early Response to Targeted Therapy via Molecular Imaging: A Pilot Study of 3'-deoxy-3'[(18)F]-Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography 18F-FLT PET/CT in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7020020. [PMID: 28375169 PMCID: PMC5489940 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorothymidine is a thymidine analog labeled with fluorine-18 fluorothymidine for positron emission tomography (18F-FLT-PET) imaging. Thymidine is a nucleic acid that is used to build DNA. Fluorine-18 fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) utilizes the same metabolic pathway as does thymidine but has a very low incidence of being incorporated into the DNA (<1%). 18F-FLT-PET could have a role in the evaluation of response to targeted therapy. We present here a pilot study where we investigated cellular metabolism and proliferation in patients with prostate cancer before and after targeted therapy. Seven patients with Stage IV prostate adenocarcinoma, candidates for targeted therapy inhibiting the hepatocyte growth factor/tyrosine-protein kinase Met (HGF/C-MET) pathway, were included in this study. The HGF/C-MET pathway is implicated in prostate cancer progression, and an evaluation of the inhibition of this pathway could be valuable. 18F-FLT was performed at baseline and within four weeks post-therapy. Tumor response was assessed semi-quantitatively and using visual response criteria. The range of SUVmax for 18F-FLT at baseline in the prostate varied from 2.5 to 4.2. This study demonstrated that 18F-FLT with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18F-FLT PET/CT) had only limited applications in the early response evaluation of prostate cancer. 18F-FLT PET/CT may have some utility in the assessment of response in lymph node disease. However, 18F-FLT PET/CT was not found to be useful in the evaluation of the prostate bed, metastatic skeletal disease, and liver disease.
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13
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Abstract
Cabozantinib inhibits a variety of cellular receptors including VEGFR1-3, MET, AXL, RET, FLT3 and KIT. These signaling pathways have been shown to be important in genitourinary malignancies. Along its clinical development, it has shown most activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma; the METEOR study compared cabozantinib to everolimus and showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in both progression-free survival and overall survival. Herein, we review the development of cabozantinib in the genitourinary malignancies of renal cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cierra Hong
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Division of Urology, Departments of Medicine & Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Ariyawutyakorn W, Saichaemchan S, Varella-Garcia M. Understanding and Targeting MET Signaling in Solid Tumors - Are We There Yet? J Cancer 2016; 7:633-49. [PMID: 27076844 PMCID: PMC4829549 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET signaling pathway plays an important role in normal physiology and its deregulation has proved critical for development of numerous solid tumors. Different technologies have been used to investigate the genomic and proteomic status of MET in cancer patients and its association with disease prognosis. Moreover, with the development of targeted therapeutic drugs, there is an urgent need to identify potential biomarkers for selection of patients who are more likely to derive benefit from these agents. Unfortunately, the variety of technical platforms and analysis criteria for diagnosis has brought confusion to the field and a lack of agreement in the evaluation of MET status as a prognostic or predictive marker for targeted therapy agents. We review the molecular mechanisms involved in the deregulation of the MET signaling pathway in solid tumors, the different technologies used for diagnosis, and the main factors that affect the outcome, emphasizing the urge for completing analytical and clinical validation of these tests. We also review the current clinical studies with MET targeted agents, which mostly focus on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witthawat Ariyawutyakorn
- 1. Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavarorod Rd., Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
- 3. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, RC1 South, L18-8118, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, Colorado, USA 80045
| | - Siriwimon Saichaemchan
- 2. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, 315 Phayathai Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand 10400
- 3. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, RC1 South, L18-8118, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, Colorado, USA 80045
| | - Marileila Varella-Garcia
- 3. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave, RC1 South, L18-8118, Mail Stop 8117, Aurora, Colorado, USA 80045
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15
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Phan LM, Fuentes-Mattei E, Wu W, Velazquez-Torres G, Sircar K, Wood CG, Hai T, Jimenez C, Cote GJ, Ozsari L, Hofmann MC, Zheng S, Verhaak R, Pagliaro L, Cortez MA, Lee MH, Yeung SCJ, Habra MA. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/cMET Pathway Activation Enhances Cancer Hallmarks in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4131-42. [PMID: 26282167 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis and limited response to chemotherapy. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor cMET augment cancer growth and resistance to chemotherapy, but their role in adrenocortical carcinoma has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the association between HGF/cMET expression and cancer hallmarks of adrenocortical carcinoma. Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that increased HGF/cMET expression in human adrenocortical carcinoma samples was positively associated with cancer-related biologic processes, including proliferation and angiogenesis, and negatively correlated with apoptosis. Accordingly, treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma cells with exogenous HGF resulted in increased cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo while short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of cMET suppressed cell proliferation and tumor growth. Moreover, exposure of cells to mitotane, cisplatin, or radiation rapidly induced pro-cMET expression and was associated with an enrichment of genes (e.g., CYP450 family) related to therapy resistance, further implicating cMET in the anticancer drug response. Together, these data suggest an important role for HGF/cMET signaling in adrenocortical carcinoma growth and resistance to commonly used treatments. Targeting cMET, alone or in combination with other drugs, could provide a breakthrough in the management of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem M Phan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weixin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guermarie Velazquez-Torres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanishka Sircar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Hai
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Levent Ozsari
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roeland Verhaak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lance Pagliaro
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mouhammed Amir Habra
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Mao ZY, Zhu GQ, Ren L, Guo XC, Su D, Bai L. Prognostic Value of C-met Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:227-33. [PMID: 25873560 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615578959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the proteins of C-met expression in the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical data and the completed follow-up information of patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent cholangiocarcinoma operation from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship of clinicopathological features and C-met in the prognosis of the patients was analyzed. Results: Patients with high expression of C-met had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .003). Patients with high C-met expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .009). By COX multivariate analysis, high C-met expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with cholangiocarcinoma ( P = .038, .048, relative risk = 1.390, 1.427). Conclusion: Patients with high C-met expression in cancer tissues had shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. High expression of C-met is an independent risk factor for overall survival and disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Pathology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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