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Hakimi K, Campbell SC, Nguyen MV, Rathi N, Wang L, Meagher MF, Rini BI, Ornstein M, McKay RR, Derweesh IH. PADRES: a phase 2 clinical trial of neoadjuvant axitinib for complex partial nephrectomy. BJU Int 2024; 133:425-431. [PMID: 37916303 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the results of PADRES (Prior Axitinib as a Determinant of Outcome of Renal Surgery, NCT03438708), a study investigating neoadjuvant axitinib for tumours of high complexity with imperative indication for partial nephrectomy (PN). METHODS We conducted a single-arm phase II clinical trial of localized (cT1b-cT3M0) clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with imperative indications for nephron preservation, where PN is a high-risk procedure due to complexity (RENAL score 10-12). Axitinib 5 mg was administered twice daily for 8 weeks with repeat imaging at completion, followed by surgery. The primary outcome was successful completion of planned PN following axitinib treatment. Secondary objectives included changes in tumour diameter, RENAL nephrometry score, renal function and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v1.1, and surgical complications. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were enrolled (median age 69 years). Prior to therapy, twenty patients (74.0%) had ≥ clinical T3a staged tumours. Axitinib resulted in reductions in tumour diameter (7.5 vs 6.2 cm; P < 0.001) and RENAL score (11 vs 10; P < 0.001). Nine patients (33.3%) had partial response based on RECIST and nine (33.3%) were clinically downstaged. PN was performed in twenty patients (74.0%); twenty-five patients (96.2%) had negative margins. Six patients (22.2%) had Clavien III-IV complications. The median change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (preoperative to last follow-up) was 8.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 . CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant axitnib resulted in reductions in tumour size and complexity, enabling safe and feasible PN and functional preservation in patients with complex renal masses and imperative indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hakimi
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mimi V Nguyen
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nityam Rathi
- Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luke Wang
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Margaret F Meagher
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian I Rini
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Ornstein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rana R McKay
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ithaar H Derweesh
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhu M, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Jiang Z, Chen S, Wang W, Shi B, Zhu Y. Effects of neoadjuvant VEGF‑TKI treatment on surgery for renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:162. [PMID: 38449796 PMCID: PMC10915807 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI) treatment on surgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), sources from Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases collected from inception to December, 2022 were used for analysis in the present study, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data regarding surgical outcomes were collected. The pooled effect sizes were calculated in terms of the risk ratio (RR)/standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity within the data. In total, 9 identified articles involving 829 patients (336 in the neoadjuvant + surgery group; 493 in the surgery group) were included in the present study, according to the criteria. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in blood loss (SMD=-0.11; 95% CI, -0.63-0.41; P=0.68), postoperative length of hospital stay or total length of hospital stay (SMD=0.23; 95% CI, -0.55-1.01; P=0.57) or complications (RR=1.16; 95% CI, 0.80-1.67; P=0.44) between the two groups. However, neoadjuvant therapy reduced the operation time (SMD=-0.67; 95% CI, -1.25- -0.09; P=0.02) and resulted in a greater proportion of patients choosing partial nephrectomy (RR=1.84; 95% CI, 1.47-2.31; P<0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, the blood loss was significantly lower in patients with RCC with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in the neoadjuvant group (SMD=-1.10; 95% CI, -1.82- -0.38; P=0.003). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that neoadjuvant VEGF-TKI treatment in patients with RCC shortened operation time, decreased blood loss and did not cause an increase in perioperative complications. In addition, this treatment modality may encourage patients to opt for partial nephrectomy to preserve renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikai Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Current Approaches in Surgical and Immunotherapy-Based Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010204. [PMID: 36672712 PMCID: PMC9855836 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of all malignant disease in adults, with 30% of RCC diagnosed at locally advanced or metastatic stages of disease. A form of locally advanced disease is the tumor thrombus (TT), which commonly grows from the intrarenal veins, through the main renal vein, and up the inferior vena cava (IVC), and rarely, into the right cardiac chambers. Advances in all areas of medicine have allowed increased understanding of the underlying biology of these tumors and improved preoperative staging. Although the development of several novel system agents, including several clinical trials utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies, has been shown to lower perioperative morbidity and increase post-operative recurrence-free and progression-free survival, surgery remains the mainstay of therapy to achieve a cure. In this review, we provide a description of specific surgical approaches and techniques used to minimize intra- and post-operative complications during radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy of RCC with TT extension of various levels. Additionally, we provide an in-depth review of the major developments in neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy-based treatment and the impact of ongoing and recently completed clinical trials on the surgical treatment of advanced RCC.
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Canil C, Kapoor A, Basappa NS, Bjarnason G, Bossé D, Dudani S, Graham J, Gray S, Hansen AR, Heng DY, Karakiewicz PI, Kollmannsberger C, Lalani AKA, North SA, Patenaude F, Soulières D, Thana M, Winquist E, Wood LA, Reaume MN, Maloni R, Hotte SJ. Management of advanced kidney cancer: Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada (KCRNC) consensus update 2021. Can Urol Assoc J 2021; 15:84-97. [PMID: 33830005 PMCID: PMC8021420 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Canil
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Naveen S. Basappa
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Georg Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dominick Bossé
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shaan Dudani
- William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Samantha Gray
- Department of Oncology, Dalhousie University, Saint John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Y.C. Heng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Le Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Kollmannsberger
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Cancer Centre, and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Scott A. North
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - François Patenaude
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Service and Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Soulières
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Le Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myuran Thana
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Lori A. Wood
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M. Neil Reaume
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ranjena Maloni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Westerman ME, Shapiro DD, Wood CG, Karam JA. Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2020; 47:329-343. [PMID: 32600535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been strong interest in using neoadjuvant therapy to decrease recurrence rates and facilitate surgical resection in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. To date, no evidence exists to support improvement in oncologic outcomes with neoadjuvant therapy. Likewise, although targeted therapies have shown efficacy in tumor downsizing, this does not often translate to downstaging. Use of presurgical therapy for the purpose of downstaging inferior vena cava tumor thrombi is currently not supported. Future studies evaluating the benefit of newer immune checkpoint inhibitors will determine if there is a larger role for neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Westerman
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Hotte SJ, Kapoor A, Basappa NS, Bjarnason G, Canil C, Conter HJ, Czaykowski P, Graham J, Gray S, Heng DYC, Karakiewicz PI, Kollmannsberger C, Lalani AKA, North SA, Patenaude F, Soulières D, Violette P, Winquist E, Wood LA, Dudani S, Maloni R, Reaume MN. Management of Advanced Kidney Cancer: Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada (KCRNC) consensus update 2019. Can Urol Assoc J 2019; 13:343-354. [PMID: 31603413 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urologic Research Center for Research & Innovation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,The Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naveen S Basappa
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Georg Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Canil
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Samantha Gray
- Department of Oncology, Dalhousie University, Saint John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB, Canada
| | - Daniel Y C Heng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Kollmannsberger
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Cancer Center, and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Scott A North
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - François Patenaude
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Service and Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Soulières
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phillippe Violette
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Lori A Wood
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shaan Dudani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary and Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Ranjena Maloni
- The Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Neil Reaume
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Berquist SW, Yim K, Ryan ST, Patel SH, Eldefrawy A, Cotta BH, Bradshaw AW, Meagher MF, Bindayi A, McKay RR, Autorino R, Staehler M, Derweesh IH. Systemic therapy in the management of localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: Current state and future perspectives. Int J Urol 2019; 26:532-542. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Berquist
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Kendrick Yim
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Stephen T Ryan
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Sunil H Patel
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Ahmed Eldefrawy
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Brittney H Cotta
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Aaron W Bradshaw
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Margaret F Meagher
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Ahmet Bindayi
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Rana R McKay
- Division of Medical Oncology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich Germany
| | - Ithaar H Derweesh
- Department of Urology UC San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla California USA
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Current Status of Immunotherapy for Localized and Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7309205. [PMID: 31057615 PMCID: PMC6463563 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7309205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic therapy strategies in the setting of localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have continued to evolve in two directions: as adjuvant therapy (to reduce risk of recurrence or progression in high risk localized groups), or as neoadjuvant therapy as a strategy to render primary renal tumors amenable to planned surgical resection in settings where radical resection or nephron-sparing surgery was not thought to be safe or feasible. In the realm of adjuvant therapy, the results of phase III randomized clinical trials have been mixed and contradictory; nonetheless based on the findings of the landmark S-TRAC study, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib has been approved as an adjuvant agent in the United States. In the realm of neoadjuvant therapy, presurgical tumor reduction has been demonstrated in a number of phase II studies utilizing targeted molecular agents. The advent of immunomodulation through checkpoint inhibition as first line therapy for metastatic RCC represents an exciting horizon for adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy in localized and locally advanced RCC.
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Phung MC, Lee BR. Recent advancements of robotic surgery for kidney cancer. Asian J Endosc Surg 2018; 11:300-307. [PMID: 30168283 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma has undergone a transformation in recent decades, especially with the dissemination of the robotic platform. Increasingly, larger and more complex renal lesions are now being treated in a minimally invasive fashion. The purpose of this article is to review advances in the use of the robotic approach for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, including nephron-sparing surgery, radical nephrectomy, and cytoreductive nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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