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Wang Y, Guo X, Meng Z, Cui Y, Sun Y. Pregnant patient with Xp11.2/transcription factor E3 translocation renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1388880. [PMID: 38988705 PMCID: PMC11233431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1388880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MiT family translocation renal cell carcinomas (tRCCs) primarily include Xp11.2/transcription factor E3 (TFE3) gene fusion-associated renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC) and t(6;11)/TFEB gene fusion-associated RCC. Clinical cases of these carcinomas are rare. Fluorescence in situ hybridization can be used to identify the type, but there are no standard diagnostic and treatment methods available, and the prognosis remains controversial. Herein, we present a case of a patient with Xp11.2 tRCC at 29 weeks of gestation. The baby was successfully delivered, and radical surgery was performed for renal cancer at the same time. This is a unique and extremely rare case. We have described the case and performed a literature review to report the progress of current research on the treatment and prognosis of pregnant patients with Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma. This study aims to contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of Xp11.2 tRCC in pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wang
- Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Weifang People'sHospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yaofei Sun
- Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Tsutsui K, Miki A, Wakita T, Horibe Y, Tani M, Kakuta Y, Tsutahara K, Takao T. A case of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy during pregnancy. IJU Case Rep 2023; 6:458-460. [PMID: 37928313 PMCID: PMC10622195 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignancy during pregnancy requires consideration of both the mother and fetus. We report a patient with renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy who was treated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. Case presentation The patient was incidentally found to have a renal mass on abdominal ultrasonography. Definitive diagnosis of cT1aN0M0 RCC was made by enhanced computed tomography. Subsequently, pregnancy was discovered. RAPN was performed without complications. Pathologic examination revealed clear cell RCC. There were no postoperative complications, and the baby was born safely. Conclusion RAPN can be safe and effective even during pregnancy. Every pregnant patient requires individualized treatment involving the timing of surgery, the procedure used, and management based on the condition of the mother and fetus, tumor stage, and the experience of the surgical team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsutsui
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Airi Miki
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Teppei Wakita
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Yuki Horibe
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Masaru Tani
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | | | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
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Meza-Martinez DA, Hernandez-Hernandez JH, Fematt-Rodriguez BJ, Meza-Martinez MA, Rios-Rosales H. Eosinophilic Variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach and Successful Management in a Tertiary Hospital in Mexico. Cureus 2023; 15:e44955. [PMID: 37701169 PMCID: PMC10493464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy and its management represents a challenge as it necessitates considerations for the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Diagnosis can be challenging and is often an incidental finding during routine imaging, which can lead to difficult decision-making. The choice of the ideal imaging study in these cases is a matter of debate. When the tumor is detected at an early stage, radical nephrectomy is indicated. However, there is still controversy regarding whether it should be performed conventionally or laparoscopically, as both techniques have their risks and benefits. In this context, our primary objective was to provide adequate surgical treatment for the patient, while safeguarding fetal health. Here, we present a patient with a history of recurrent miscarriages, in whom a renal tumor was incidentally diagnosed during pregnancy. Adding to the uniqueness of this case, the patient was diagnosed with an eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC through histopathological analysis. Our aim is to highlight the controversies surrounding diagnostic and treatment methodologies and to present the surgical techniques employed in this unique situation. This case underscores the importance and need for a multidisciplinary approach, which, in our instance, resulted in favorable outcomes for both maternal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Meza-Martinez
- General Surgery, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de Zona No. 33, Monterrey, MEX
| | - Jose H Hernandez-Hernandez
- Urology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 2 Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, Obregón, MEX
| | - Brando J Fematt-Rodriguez
- General Surgery, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de Zona No. 33, Monterrey, MEX
| | - Miguel A Meza-Martinez
- Urology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 2 Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, Obregón, MEX
| | - Helio Rios-Rosales
- Urology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 2 Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, Obregón, MEX
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Xu H, Tan S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma During Pregnancy. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 13:9423-9428. [PMID: 35002320 PMCID: PMC8721013 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s345309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy is extremely rare, but it is the commonest urological malignancy reported in pregnancy. Currently, no uniform domestic or international diagnostic or treatment criteria exist for these patients, so their diagnosis and treatment are challenging for urologists. The health and reproductive needs of these patients have improved in recent years because of the continuous development of medical technology. This article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutao Tan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Völler M, Mahmud W, Vallo S, Grabbert M, John P, Khoder WY. A 27-Year-Old Primigravida with a Right Renal Cell Carcinoma Removed at 30 Weeks of Gestation by Robot-Assisted Retroperitoneoscopic Partial Nephrectomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e927164. [PMID: 33866322 PMCID: PMC8063764 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large renal tumors during pregnancy are rare findings (0.07-0.1%). Current guidelines recommend surgical removal. This surgery should be carefully planned in an interdisciplinary team and involves special risks for mother and fetus. This report describes a case of a 27-year-old primigravida woman with a right renal cell carcinoma involving the lower pole of the kidney, which was removed at 30 weeks of gestation by robot-assisted retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (RARPN). CASE REPORT The patient was referred by the treating obstetrician with a newly diagnosed right lower pole renal mass of 6×4 cm in greatest diameter extending deeply into the parenchyma. No metastasis or enlarged lymph nodes were described in subsequent magnetic resonance tomography. Clinical and laboratory examinations documented a healthy mother and fetus. A right-sided RARPN was advised and planned by an interdisciplinary team of treating physicians (gynecologists, oncologists, and urologists). The surgery was conducted under general anesthesia with an obstetrician on stand-by. Surgery was performed without any complications (operation time 95 min, renal-ischemia time 15 min, and negligible blood loss) and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Further follow-up consultations showed regular wound healing and normal progression of pregnancy, and the patient gave birth to a healthy child at term. Follow-up examinations of the patient were uneventful. CONCLUSIONS This case shows that RARPN can be a safe and effective surgical procedure for partial nephrectomy during pregnancy, where surgery is performed in a specialist center and by an interdisciplinary experienced surgical team. It seems to offer advantages and better risk profile over the laparoscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Völler
- Department of Urology, Darmstadt Hospital, Hessen, Germany
| | - Walid Mahmud
- Department of Urology, Hochtaunus-Hospitals, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Vallo
- Department of Urology, Hochtaunus-Hospitals, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany
| | - Markus Grabbert
- Department of Urology, Freiburg University, Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany
| | - Patricia John
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Köln, Germany
| | - Wael Y. Khoder
- Department of Urology, Freiburg University, Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany
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Zhao Y, Yang Z, Xu W, Ji Z, Dong J. Management of renal tumors during pregnancy: case reports. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:127. [PMID: 33836679 PMCID: PMC8035726 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tumors during pregnancy are rare and the treatment requires evaluation of both the patient and the fetus. No consensus or guidelines has been proposed or verified in this field. We successfully managed three renal tumor cases during pregnancy and reviewed the relative literature. CASE PRESENTATION In the first renal cell carcinoma case diagnosed in the 21st week of pregnancy, laparoscopic retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed in the 26th week of pregnancy. In the second renal cell carcinoma case diagnosed in the 3rd week of pregnancy, laparoscopic retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy was carried out after the abortion. In the third angiomyolipoma case who was diagnosed before pregnancy but received no treatment, we performed laparoscopic retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy during the 17th week of pregnancy due to the rapid enlargement of the tumor. CONCLUSION Although no consensus or guidelines for the management of renal tumors in pregnant patients has been proposed or verified, the general rules of kidney tumor management in non-pregnant patients and the guidelines for surgery in pregnancy could be referred to. Renal tumors found in pregnant patients require an individualized treatment regimen involving surgical timing, routes, techniques, and excision ranges, which should be decided by both the patients and the surgical teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Koetter P, Martin K. Management of renal cell carcinoma presenting during teenage pregnancy. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Cheng S, Zheng Q, Xu L, Zhao W, Li G, Ding G. Management of major vascular injury in laparoscopic urology. LAPAROSCOPIC, ENDOSCOPIC AND ROBOTIC SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lers.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Maggen C, Linssen J, Gziri MM, Zola P, Cardonick E, de Groot CJM, Garcia AC, Fruscio R, Drochytek V, Van Calsteren K, Albersen M, Amant F. Renal and Bladder Cancer During Pregnancy: A Review of 47 Cases and Literature-based Recommendations for Management. Urology 2020; 151:118-128. [PMID: 33203520 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide contemporary gestational age-specific recommendations for management, a retrospective series of patients with renal or bladder cancer during pregnancy is reported. METHODS Obstetric and oncological data of pregnant patients with a diagnosis of renal or bladder cancer were selected from the worldwide registry of the International Network of Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy. In addition, the literature was reviewed for recent case reports since last reviews in 2014 for renal cancer and 2004 for bladder cancer. RESULTS International Network of Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy registered 22 cases (14 renal cancer and 8 bladder cancer), diagnosed between 1999 and 2017, and the literature reported 15 cases with renal cancer and 10 cases with bladder cancer between 2004 and 2019. Most common symptoms for renal and bladder cancer were pain (28%) and hematuria (66%), respectively. In more than half of the patients, surgical treatment was performed during pregnancy. Preterm deliveries were mostly medically induced (12 of 17, 71%) and all patients with a planned delivery before 34 weeks had advanced cancer. For renal and bladder cancer respectively, 79% and 87% of patients obtained complete remission. Advanced cancer stages had worse prognosis; 3 of 7 patients with known follow-up deceased within 15 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION Gestational age at diagnosis determines further management of renal and bladder cancers during pregnancy. Advanced stages challenge decision-making. The maternal needs for immediate treatment, and the neonatal risks including the impact of a preterm delivery should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting while respecting the patient's autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maggen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasmijn Linssen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mhallem Gziri
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, UCL, Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Belgium
| | - Paolo Zola
- Department Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elyce Cardonick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cooper, University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Cabrera Garcia
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca (HRAEI) " Reference clinic for hemato-oncological diseases during pregnancy CREHER" Estado de México, México
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan - Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Vit Drochytek
- Faculty Hospital Kralovske, Vinohrady and 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristel Van Calsteren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and the Department of Gynecology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Guo X, Wang H, Xiang Y, Jin X, Jiang S. Safety and oncological outcomes for large (stage ≥T2b) and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: comparison between laparoscopic and modified hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520961238. [PMID: 33044120 PMCID: PMC7556169 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520961238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the operative and oncologic outcomes between hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALRN) and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for large (stage ≥T2b) and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent HALRN or LRN for stage ≥T2b renal cell carcinoma from January 2011 to January 2018 in our institution. The patients’ demographics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative follow-up data were compared between the two groups. The survival outcome was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The HALRN group comprised 78 patients, and the LRN group comprised 63 patients. The median operative duration was significantly shorter in the HALRN than LRN group. The two groups were equivalent in terms of the incision length, blood loss, complication rate, and duration of hospitalization. In the HALRN and LRN groups, the 5-year overall survival rates were 69.4% and 73.1%, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 80.0% and 83.3%, and the 5-year progression-free survival rates were 66.4% and 74.7%, respectively, with no significant differences. Conclusions Compared with LRN, HALRN may offer a shorter operative duration and equivalent surgical outcomes without sacrificing oncological efficacy. In addition, HALRN has specific advantages for extremely large and complicated renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhu Xiang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Yao L, Zhang Q, He Z. Surgical management of angiomyolipoma with vena cava thrombus during pregnancy: a case report. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:807-811. [PMID: 32420188 PMCID: PMC7214968 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.12.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) can grow and worsen during pregnancy. Sporadic classic variant renal AML with tumor thrombus in the renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) during pregnancy is rare. We report a case of complex surgical treatment during pregnancy with normal childbirth. A 27-year-old woman with bilateral AML was faced with large asymptomatic AML and IVC thrombus at 24 weeks of gestation. The magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor thrombus had fatty signal. The tumor and IVC thrombus were treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy and open tumor thrombectomy during pregnancy. The patient underwent term spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation smoothly and the neonate was in good health. Successful retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with open tumor thrombectomy during pregnancy is possible in dealing with invasive renal AML for pregnant patients. Renal AML requires close follow-up during pregnancy. And detailed consult with urologists is necessary before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China
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Padala SA, Barsouk A, Thandra KC, Saginala K, Mohammed A, Vakiti A, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. World J Oncol 2020; 11:79-87. [PMID: 32494314 PMCID: PMC7239575 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Though renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States (US). While North America and Western Europe have the highest disease burden (with the Belarus highest in incidence), Latin America, Asia and Africa are projected to see an increase in incidence as nation’s transition to a Western lifestyle. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally on imaging, and survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, with the metastatic disease having only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Two-thirds of RCC diagnoses are made in men, and the average age of diagnosis in the US is 64. Those with genetic predispositions, namely von Hippel-Lindau disease, tend to be diagnosed 20 years earlier. RCC has a greater incidence among Hispanics and Native Americans, and a lower survival rate among African Americans in the US. Modifiable risk factors for RCC include smoking, obesity, poorly-controlled hypertension, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposures. Prevention strategies aimed at improving survival and reducing disparities include addressing lifestyle factors and access to regular healthcare among underserved populations and in developing nations, as well as more rigorous imaging guidelines to detect RCC at an earlier stage. A stronger understanding of global RCC epidemiology can facilitate prevention efforts, especially in developing nations and underserved communities where disease burden is predicted to rise in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Anand Padala
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Adam Barsouk
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Thandra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kalyan Saginala
- Plains Regional Medical Group Internal Medicine, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
| | - Azeem Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anusha Vakiti
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Medicine, Sovah Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
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