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Hsieh JJ. The 2020 Bladder Cancer Discrepancy Issue. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 18:161. [PMID: 32534803 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Craig DJ, Nanavaty NS, Devanaboyina M, Stanbery L, Hamouda D, Edelman G, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis JJ. The abscopal effect of radiation therapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1683-1694. [PMID: 33726502 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in some cases results in a systemic anticancer response known as the abscopal effect. Multiple hypotheses support the role of immune activation initiated by RT-induced DNA damage. Optimal radiation dose is necessary to promote the cGAS-STING pathway in response to radiation and initiate an IFN-1 signaling cascade that promotes the maturation and migration of dendritic cells to facilitate antigen presentation and stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. T cells then exert a targeted response throughout the body at areas not subjected to RT. These effects are further augmented through the use of immunotherapeutic drugs resulting in increased T-cell activity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte presence and TREX1, KPNA2 and p53 signal expression are being explored as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Craig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nisha S Nanavaty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Monika Devanaboyina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Department of Medical Affairs, Gradalis, Inc, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
| | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gerald Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Promedica Health System, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John J Nemunaitis
- Department of Medical Affairs, Gradalis, Inc, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
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