Long-term Castration-related Outcomes in Patients With High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Deprivation Therapy With or Without Docetaxel and Estramustine in the UNICANCER GETUG-12 Trial

NO-HDAC dual inhibitors

HDAC inhibitors and NO donors have both demonstrated independently broad therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Borretto et al. presented the topic of NO-HDAC dual inhibitors for the first time in 2013 as an attractive new topic. Here we collected the general structure of all synthesized NO-HDAC dual inhibitors, lead compounds, synthesis methods and biological features of the most potent dual NO-HDAC inhibitor in each category with the intention of assisting in the synthesis and optimization of new drug-like compounds for diverse diseases. Based on studies done so far, NO-HDAC dual inhibitors have displayed satisfactory results against wound healing (3), heart hypertrophy (3), inflammatory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular illnesses (11a-11e) and cancer (6a-6o, 9a-9d, 10a-10d, 16 and 17). NO-HDAC dual inhibitors can have high therapeutic potential for various diseases due to their new properties, NO properties, HDAC inhibitor properties and also due to the effects of NO on HDAC enzymes.

Impact of therapy on cancer metabolism in high-risk localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy

BACKGROUND

The application of neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy before radical prostatectomy has been clinically recognized as beneficial for the overall and progression-free survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the mechanism underlying its clinical efficacy has not yet been reported.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized comparative study on about 100 patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Through nontarget metabolomics and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry, we investigated the difference in the endogenous metabolism of tumors in patients with prostate cancer who received or did not receive the neoadjuvant therapy.

RESULTS

Many endogenous metabolic pathways, especially nucleotide synthesis, glutathione metabolism, citric acid cycle, and lipid synthesis, in prostate cancer tissue were altered after the neoadjuvant treatment, and the levels of nearly 90% of the differentially regulated metabolites were significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of key enzymes in the cellular energy pathways were downregulated in tumor tissues and upregulated in adjacent tissues after the treatment. The positive and negative effects of the neoadjuvant therapy on normal and tumor cells in the prostate, respectively, resulted in the activation of the former and inhibition of the latter, which helped in reducing the number of tumors and weakened their aggressiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

From the perspective of endogenous metabolism in tumors, we have confirmed that neoadjuvant therapy can significantly downregulate important pathways for biosynthesis and energy metabolism in prostate cancer tissue, and thereby, inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

Prognostic value of testosterone castration levels following androgen deprivation and high-dose radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer: Results from a phase III trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

The optimal prognostic value of testosterone following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is controversial. We studied the effect of serum testosterone levels on clinical outcome in localized prostate cancer (PCa) treated with ADT and high-dose radiotherapy (HRT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The DART01/05 trial randomized 355 men with intermediate and high-risk PCa to 4 months of ADT plus HRT (STADT, N = 178) or the same treatment followed by 24 months of ADT (LTADT, N = 177). This study included patients treated with LTADT who had at least 3 determinations of testosterone during ADT (N = 154). Patients were stratified into 3 subgroups by testosterone level: minimum <20 ng/dL; median 20-49 ng/dL; and maximum ≥50 ng/dL. Kaplan-Meyer and Cox regression analysis were used for overall survival (OS) and Fine & Gray regression model for metastasis free survival (MFS), biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) and time to TT recovery.

RESULTS

There were no statistically significant differences in 10-year bDFS, MFS, or OS between the <20 ng/mL and 20-49 ng/dL subgroups. Multivariate analysis showed that a median testosterone ≥50 ng/dL was significantly associated with a decrease in bDFS (HR: 6.58, 95%CI 1.28-33.76, p = 0.03). Time to testosterone recovery after ADT did not correlate with bDFS, MFS, or OS and was not significantly associated with any of the testosterone subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results do not support the concept that additional serum testosterone suppression below 20 ng/dL is associated with better outcomes than 20-49 ng/dL. Time to testosterone recovery after ADT and HRT did not impact clinical failure.