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Lv X, Zhu S, Wu J, Shi J, Wei Q, Li T, Yang N, Liu C, Qi L, Zang G, Cheng H, Yang Z, Jin C, Wang Y, Cui J, Ueno H, Liu YJ, Chen J. Reciprocal costimulatory molecules control the activation of mucosal type 3 innate lymphoid cells during engagement with B cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01041-w. [PMID: 37225838 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the counterpart of T helper cells in the innate immune system and share multiple phenotypes with T helper cells. Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) is recognized on T cells and participates in T-cell activation and T and B-cell engagement in lymphoid tissues. However, the role of ICOS in ILC3s and ILC3-involved interactions with the immune microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we found that ICOS expression on human ILC3s was correlated with the activated state of ILC3s. ICOS costimulation enhanced the survival, proliferation, and capacity of ILC3s to produce cytokines (IL-22, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF, and GM-CSF). Via synergistic effects of ICOS and CD40 signaling, B cells promoted ILC3 functions, and ILC3-induced T-cell-independent B-cell IgA and IgM secretion primarily required CD40 signaling. Hence, ICOS is essential for the nonredundant role of ILC3s and their interaction with adjacent B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Lv
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Tete Li
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
- Department of Translational Medicine, Changchun GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lingli Qi
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guoxia Zang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chengyan Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- ASHBi Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
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Hodgson R, Christiansen D, Ierino F, Sandrin M. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) in transplantation: A review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2022; 36:100713. [PMID: 35878486 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of T cell activation is one of the goals of successful organ and tissue transplantation. Blockade of T cell co-stimulation, particularly of the CD28:B7 interaction, has been shown to prolong graft survival. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) is the third member of the B7 family and here we review the literature on ICOS, its receptor (B7RP-1), and blockade of this pathway in transplant models. ICOS:B7RP-1 are a single receptor:ligand pair with a loss of function of either being implicated in some autoimmune diseases. ICOS has multiple functions, related to its constitutive expression on B cells and activated T cells. In in vitro transplant models, ICOS:B7RP-1 blockade has produced mixed results as to its ability to modulate lymphocyte proliferation. Several in vivo transplant models demonstrate varying degrees of success in prolonging graft survival. Timing and dose of treatment appear important, and combination with other immunosuppressive treatments may also be of benefit. As ICOS has multiple functions, it may be that the observed variable results are due to inadvertent inactivation of graft protective functions. If these barriers can be overcome, ICOS:B7RP-1 blockade could provide an important target for future immunosuppression regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Hodgson
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia; Division of Surgery, Northern Health, Epping, Australia.
| | - Dale Christiansen
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Francesco Ierino
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Nephrology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Mauro Sandrin
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
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Reincke ME, Payne KJ, Harder I, Strohmeier V, Voll RE, Warnatz K, Keller B. The Antigen Presenting Potential of CD21 low B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:535784. [PMID: 33193306 PMCID: PMC7609862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.535784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD21low B cells are expanded in autoimmune (AI) diseases and display a unique phenotype with high expression of co-stimulatory molecules, compatible with a potential role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Thus, we addressed the co-stimulatory capacity of naïve-like, IgM-memory, switched memory and CD27negIgDneg memory CD21low B cells in allogenic co-cultures with CD4 T cells. CD21low B cells of patients with AI disorders expressed high levels of not only CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR (memory B cells) but also PD-L1 ex vivo and efficiently co-stimulated CD4 T cells of healthy donors (HD), as measured by upregulation of CD25, CD69, inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and induction of cytokines. While the co-stimulatory capacity of the different CD21low B-cell populations was over all comparable to CD21pos counterparts of patients and HD, especially switched memory CD21low B cells lacked the increased capacity of CD21pos switched memory B-cells to induce high expression of ICOS, IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Acknowledging the limitation of the in vitro setting, CD21low B cells do not seem to preferentially support a specific Th effector response. In summary, our data implies that CD21low B cells of patients with AI diseases can become competent APCs and may, when enriched for autoreactive B-cell receptors (BCR), potentially contribute to AI reactions as cognate interaction partners of autoreactive T cells at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene E Reincke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathryn J Payne
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Harder
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Strohmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ellis JS, Guloglu FB, Zaghouani H. Presentation of high antigen-dose by splenic B220(lo) B cells fosters a feedback loop between T helper type 2 memory and antibody isotype switching. Immunology 2016; 147:464-75. [PMID: 26749165 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective humoral immunity ensues when antigen presentation by B cells culminates in productive cooperation with T lymphocytes. This collaboration, however, remains ill-defined because naive antigen-specific B cells are rare and difficult to track in vivo. Herein, we used a defined transfer model to examine how B lymphocytes, as antigen-presenting cells, shape the development of T-cell memory suitable for generation of relevant antibody responses. Specifically, we examined how B cells presenting different doses of antigen during the initial priming phase shape the development of CD4 T-cell memory and its influence on humoral immunity. The findings indicate that B cells presenting low dose of antigen favour the development of T helper type 1 (Th1) type memory, while those presenting a high antigen dose yielded better Th2 memory cells. The memory Th2 cells supported the production of antibodies by effector B cells and promoted isotype switching to IgG1. Moreover, among the B-cell subsets tested for induction of Th2 memory, the splenic but not peritoneal B220(lo) cells were most effective in sustaining Th2 memory development as well as immunoglobulin isotype switching, and this function involved a tight control by programmed death 1-programmed death ligand 2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Ellis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - F Betul Guloglu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Wang F, Chen L, Shen Q, Liu T, Jiang L, Gu X, Chen L, Sun J, Liu C. Characterization and clinical relevance of circulating CD4+CD28- T cells in Graves' disease. Immunol Lett 2015; 165:47-51. [PMID: 25839128 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During autoimmune disease the fraction of CD4+CD28- T cells in the peripheral blood of has been found to be elevated. In the present study, peripheral blood was collected from 61 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 30 healthy control participants. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) were measured and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) surface expression of CD4 and CD28 molecules was detected by flow cytometry. CD4+CD28- cells were sorted from six patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy and cultured ex vivo. The influence of TSH pretreated thyroid follicular cells on CD4+CD28- cell proliferation was evaluated using the agonist CD40 mAb 5C11, the blocking CD40L mAb 4F1 or B7-1 mAb 4E5 in 3H-TdR assays. Our data showed that the fraction of CD4+CD28- T cells was higher in GD patients than healthy donors (10.21%±8.56% vs. 2.33%±1.94%; P<0.001), and further elevated in 24 of 61 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) (7.00±6.57% vs. 15.21±8.96%; P<0.001). A higher proportion of CD4+CD28- cells was detected in patients with degree II or III goiter than those with degree I goiter (11.53±9.18% vs. 6.11±3.97%; P<0.05 and 14.50±10.41% vs. 6.11±3.97%; P<0.01). The percentage of CD4+CD28- T cells correlated positively with serum levels of FT3 (r=0.354, P<0.01) and TRAb (r=0.304, P<0.05), but did not correlate with serum FT4 or TSH. Ex vivo, 5C11 enhanced proliferation of CD4+CD28+ cells (P<0.05), but did not influence the proliferation of CD4+CD28- cells. 4F1 inhibited the proliferation of both CD4+CD28+ (P<0.05) and CD4+CD28- (P<0.01) cells, and 4E5 inhibited proliferation of CD4+CD28+ cells (P<0.05). The elevation in circulating CD4+CD28- cells in GD patients correlates with disease severity and maybe plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- Testing Center, Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Qiong Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Xinhua Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China
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Seijkens T, Kusters P, Chatzigeorgiou A, Chavakis T, Lutgens E. Immune cell crosstalk in obesity: a key role for costimulation? Diabetes 2014; 63:3982-91. [PMID: 25414012 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have established the importance of inflammation and immunity in the development of obesity and its metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this context, T cells orchestrate inflammatory processes in metabolic organs, such as the adipose tissue (AT) and liver, thereby mediating obesity-related metabolic deterioration. Costimulatory molecules, which are present on antigen-presenting cells and naïve T cells in the AT, are known to mediate the crosstalk between the adaptive and innate immune system and to direct T-cell responses in inflammation. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight the newest insights in immune cell interactions in obesity and discuss the role of costimulatory dyads in its pathogenesis. Moreover, the potential of therapeutic strategies that target costimulatory molecules in the metabolic syndrome is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Mantani PT, Ljungcrantz I, Andersson L, Alm R, Hedblad B, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Fredrikson GN. Circulating CD40+ and CD86+ B cell subsets demonstrate opposing associations with risk of stroke. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:211-8. [PMID: 24202305 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence shows that immune cells play an important role in atherosclerosis. Most attention has focused on the role of different T cell subsets, whereas the possible involvement of B cells has been less studied. In this study, we assessed the association of 2 different B cell subsets, CD19(+)CD40(+) and CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells, with risk for development of acute cardiovascular events. APPROACH AND RESULTS The prospective study included 700 subjects randomly selected from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Mononuclear leukocytes, stored at -140(○)C at the baseline investigation in 1991-1994, were thawed and B cell subsets analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine release from CD3/CD28-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes was measured with multiplex ELISA. Baseline carotid intima-media thickness and stenosis were assessed by ultrasonography, and clinical events were monitored through validated national registers during a median/mean follow-up time of 15 years. The subjects in the highest tertile of CD19(+)CD40(+) B cells had a significantly lower risk of incident stroke after adjustment for other risk factors. In contrast, CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells were associated with higher risk for development of a stroke event and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from mononuclear leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide evidence for an involvement of B cells in the incidence of stroke and suggest that both pathogenic and protective B cell subsets exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni T Mantani
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (P.T.M., I.L., L.A., R.A., B.H., H.B., J.N., G.N.F.); and Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden (G.N.F.)
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Yu H, Zou X, Peng L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen B, Zou Y. Effect of soluble inducible costimulator level and its polymorphisms on age-related macular degeneration. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:717-21. [PMID: 24083358 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. Evidence has shown that the human immune system may play critical roles in this disease. Inducible costimulator (ICOS) promotes T-cell activation, differentiation, and T:B-cell interactions. The aim of the study was to understand the effect of ICOS on the development of AMD from genetic polymorphism perspective and serum level perspective. Two ICOS polymorphisms, rs10183087A/C and rs10932037C/T, were tested in 223 AMD cases and 262 healthy controls. The serum level of soluble ICOS (sICOS) was compared among subjects with different genotypes, as well as between AMD patients and controls. Data showed that prevalence of rs10183087CC genotype was significantly increased in AMD than in controls (p=0.001). Function analysis revealed that subjects carrying rs10183087CC genotype had higher serum levels of sICOS than those with AA or AC genotypes (p<0.05). When we compared serum levels of sICOS between cases and controls, results showed that AMD patients had significantly increased sICOS levels than healthy donors (p<0.05). Also, wet type cases were observed to have higher sICOS levels than cases with dry type (p<0.05). These data suggested ICOS polymorphism could affect the susceptibility to AMD by elevating protein expression, and serum levels of sICOS may be closed correlated with the development and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA , Guangzhou, China
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Ramírez-Anguiano AC, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Ramírez-Ramírez V, Macias-Islas MA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Immunology and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: clinical and basic approach. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:708659. [PMID: 24174971 PMCID: PMC3794553 DOI: 10.1155/2013/708659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivascular location of lesions, the temporal maturation of lesions from inflammation through demyelination, to gliosis and partial remyelination, and the presence of immunoglobulin in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Pro-inflammatory cytokines amplify the inflammatory cascade by compromising the BBB, recruiting immune cells from the periphery, and activating resident microglia. inflammation-associated oxidative burst in activated microglia and macrophages plays an important role in the demyelination and free radical-mediated tissue injury in the pathogenesis of MS. The inflammatory environment in demyelinating lesions leads to the generation of oxygen- and nitrogen-free radicals as well as proinflammatory cytokines which contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Inflammation can lead to oxidative stress and vice versa. Thus, oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in a self-perpetuating cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro G. Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421 CP 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana C. Ramírez-Anguiano
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421 CP 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis J. Flores-Alvarado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950 CP 44350 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Macias-Islas
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Belisario Dominguez 1000 CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Alfadhli S, Almutawa Q, Abbas JMK, Doi SAR. Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) genes in a Kuwaiti population. Endocrine 2013; 43:666-77. [PMID: 23138463 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysing two CTLA-4 markers [exon 1 A49G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and exon 4 3'UTR (AT)n repeat] and the ICOS intron 4 (GT)n marker for their potential association with HT, and exploring the effect of the tested SNPs on the CTLA-4 isoform expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Total of 270 age-gender-ethnically matched subjects were genotyped by fluorescent-labelled restriction fragment length polymorphism, multiplex PCR, and fragment analysis. Sequencing was used to confirm the genotyping results. Expression of the full-length and soluble CTLA-4 mRNAs analysed using real-time PCR. Sera from subjects were screened for sCTLA-4 using ELISA. Tested subjects revealed ten alleles and sixteen genotypes of CTLA-4 3'UTR(AT)n. The 3'UTR(AT)n was significantly associated with HT: allele (AT)15 and genotype 15/15 were found to cause susceptibility to HT (P = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.58 and P = 0.029, OR = 2.77, 95 % CI = 1.1-6.94, respectively), whereas allele (AT)6 and genotype 6/6 were found to be protective of HT (P = 0.00002, OR = 0.36, 95 % CI = 0.227-0.57 and P = 0.001, OR = 0.357, 95 % CI = 0.1980.64, respectively). SNP A49G and ICOS(GT)n revealed no significant association with HT (P > 0.05). The expression of sCTLA-4 was inversely proportional to the number of 3'UTR(AT)n repeats, with heterozygous and longer (AT)n repeats showing lower levels of sCTLA-4 mRNA than those with shorter alleles in HC and HT (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Significant increase in the serum level of sCTLA-4 was observed in HT patients compared with the HC (P = 0.0007). The novel finding in our study is that the CTLA-4 3'UTR(AT)n proven to be a key player in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Alfadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 31470, Sulaibekhat, Kuwait.
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11
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Francosalinas G, Cantaert T, Nolte MA, Tak PP, van Lier RAW, Baeten DL. Enhanced costimulation by CD70+ B cells aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in autoimmune mice. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 255:8-17. [PMID: 23137837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess whether CD70+ B cells contribute to EAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS MOG-specific TCR transgenic mice (2D2) were crossed with mice with constitutive CD70 expression on B cells. The development of EAE and the phenotype of B-T lymphocytes were studied in 2D2xCD70 animals. RESULTS Spontaneous EAE developed in 20% of 2D2xCD70 and 3% of 2D2 mice. EAE was also more severe in 2D2xCD70 versus 2D2 animals upon MOG immunization. The susceptibility of 2D2xCD70 to EAE was associated with fewer FoxP3+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of CD70 by B cells aggravates EAE possibly by reducing the number of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Francosalinas
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lawrie
- Neuroimmunology Unit; Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal; QC; Canada
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13
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Harrison DG, Guzik TJ, Lob HE, Madhur MS, Marvar PJ, Thabet SR, Vinh A, Weyand CM. Inflammation, immunity, and hypertension. Hypertension 2010; 57:132-40. [PMID: 21149826 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
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14
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Polymorphisms in the 2q33 and 3q21 chromosome regions including T-cell coreceptor and ligand genes may influence susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:809-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide on interaction of tumor and bone marrow accessory cells in multiple myeloma. Blood 2010; 116:3227-37. [PMID: 20651070 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-279893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of extracellular-matrix and the cellular compartment including immune cells. Multiple myeloma (MM) cell and BM accessory cell interaction promotes MM survival via both cell-cell contact and cytokines. Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) target not only MM cells, but also MM cell-immune cell interactions and cytokine signaling. Here we examined the in vitro effects of IMiDs on cytokine signaling triggered by interaction of effector cells with MM cells and BM stroma cells. IMiDs diminished interleukin-2, interferonγ, and IL-6 regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 expression in immune (CD4T, CD8T, natural-killer T, natural-killer) cells from both BM and PB of MM patients. In addition, coculture of MM cells with healthy PBMCs induced SOCS1 expression in effector cells; conversely, treatment with IMiDs down-regulated the SOCS1 expression. SOCS1 negatively regulates IL-6 signaling and is silenced by hypermethylation in MM cells. To define the mechanism of inhibitory-cytokine signaling in effector cells and MM cells, we next analyzed the interaction of immune cells with MM cells that were epigenetically modified to re-express SOCS1; IMiDs induced more potent CTL responses against SOCS1 re-expressing-MM cells than unmodified MM cells. These data therefore demonstrate that modulation of SOCS1 may enhance immune response and efficacy of IMiDs in MM.
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16
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Re-annotation is an essential step in systems biology modeling of functional genomics data. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10642. [PMID: 20498845 PMCID: PMC2871057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One motivation of systems biology research is to understand gene functions and interactions from functional genomics data such as that derived from microarrays. Up-to-date structural and functional annotations of genes are an essential foundation of systems biology modeling. We propose that the first essential step in any systems biology modeling of functional genomics data, especially for species with recently sequenced genomes, is gene structural and functional re-annotation. To demonstrate the impact of such re-annotation, we structurally and functionally re-annotated a microarray developed, and previously used, as a tool for disease research. We quantified the impact of this re-annotation on the array based on the total numbers of structural- and functional-annotations, the Gene Annotation Quality (GAQ) score, and canonical pathway coverage. We next quantified the impact of re-annotation on systems biology modeling using a previously published experiment that used this microarray. We show that re-annotation improves the quantity and quality of structural- and functional-annotations, allows a more comprehensive Gene Ontology based modeling, and improves pathway coverage for both the whole array and a differentially expressed mRNA subset. Our results also demonstrate that re-annotation can result in a different knowledge outcome derived from previous published research findings. We propose that, because of this, re-annotation should be considered to be an essential first step for deriving value from functional genomics data.
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Yong PFK, Salzer U, Grimbacher B. The role of costimulation in antibody deficiencies: ICOS and common variable immunodeficiency. Immunol Rev 2009; 229:101-13. [PMID: 19426217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The identification of mutations in the inducible costimulator (ICOS) gene in nine patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was a major breakthrough. CVID is a complex, highly heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disease, and the discovery of these mutations revealed a molecular basis. ICOS belongs to the CD28 family of costimulatory molecules and is expressed exclusively on activated T cells. It has at least three critical functions: germinal center formation, isotype class switching, and the development of memory B cells. The discovery of human ICOS deficiency showed that a monogenic disorder could account for the full spectrum of manifestations seen in childhood and adulthood-onset CVID, including autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant disease complications, as well as recurrent infections. Moreover, this discovery showed that a disorder which had previously been perceived as a B-cell disease might in fact have its genetic origin in human T cells. In this article, we review the role of ICOS in the mammalian immune system and human disease, as well as the discovery and characteristics of patients with ICOS deficiency. Finally, we also discuss how these 'human knockouts' have contributed to our understanding of ICOS functions and have suggested potential avenues for using therapeutic ICOS manipulation to treat other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F K Yong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Gang C, Jiahui Y, Huaizhou W, Qing C, Dongbao Z, Qian S. Defects of mitogen-activated protein kinase in ICOS signaling pathway lead to CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell dysfunction in patients with active SLE. Cell Immunol 2009; 258:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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The shared CTLA4-ICOS risk locus in celiac disease, IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency. Genes Immun 2008; 10:151-61. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Adenovirus-mediated ICOSIg gene transfer alleviates cardiac remodeling in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 86:659-65. [PMID: 19005474 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To explore the therapeutic effects of adenovirus vector mediated transfer of the ICOSIg gene on immuno-inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling in an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model, pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK 293 cells to produce the ICOSIg adenovirus. Ad-CMV-GFP was used as a control. EAM was induced in Lewis rats by injection of porcine cardiac myosin. The immunized rats were divided into two groups. The inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) group received the adenovirus containing ICOSIg on day 14; the green fluorescent protein (GFP) group received the adenovirus containing GFP as the control adenovirus and 15 normal rats (Control group) consisted of the normal controls that were not immunized. On day 28, all rats were euthanized after echocardiography and histopathologically examined for cardiac fibrosis. Western blotting was performed to detect ICOS, ICOS ligand (ICOSL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 and real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect B7-1, B7-2 and interleukin (IL)-17 expression. ELISPOT was applied to detect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Collagen concentration and collagen cross-linking were determined as markers of cardiac fibrosis. It was found that blockade with ICOSIg exerted antifibrotic effects on cardiac remodeling in EAM. On day 28, cardiac function and inflammatory myocardial fibrosis improved significantly in the ICOS group compared to the GFP group. The expression of ICOS, the ICOSL, B7-1 and IL-17 was statistically significantly lower in the ICOS and Control groups compared to the GFP group. ICOSIg significantly augmented Th2 cytokine production and diminished Th1 and Th17 cytokine production. This blockade of the ICOS co-stimulatory pathway with ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function. Regulation of the Th1/Th2/Th17 balance may be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect.
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Watanabe M, Takagi Y, Kotani M, Hara Y, Inamine A, Hayashi K, Ogawa S, Takeda K, Tanabe K, Abe R. Down-regulation of ICOS ligand by interaction with ICOS functions as a regulatory mechanism for immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5222-34. [PMID: 18390703 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well-known that the ICOS-ICOS ligand (ICOSL) costimulatory pathway is important for many immune responses, recent accumulated evidence suggests that dysregulation of this pathway may lead to and/or exaggerate autoimmune responses. ICOS is induced on the cell surface after T cell activation. Similarly, ICOSL is up-regulated on APCs by several mitogenic stimuli. However, the mechanism regulating expression of the ICOS-ICOSL pair, and the significance of controlling their expression for an appropriate immune response, is largely unknown. To gain a better understanding of the importance of fine control of the ICOS-ICOSL costimulatory pathway, we generated ICOS-transgenic (Tg) mice that have high constitutive expression of ICOS in all T cells. Using ICOS-Tg mice, we studied whether in vivo immune responses were affected. Unexpectedly, we first found that ICOS-Tg mice exhibited a phenotype resembling ICOS-deficient mice in their Ag-specific Ab response, such as a defect in class switch recombination. Further examination revealed that ICOSL expression of APCs was significantly suppressed in ICOS-Tg mice. Interestingly, suppression of ICOSL was induced by interaction of ICOSL with ICOS, and it seemed to be regulated at the posttranscriptional level. The suppressive effect of the ICOS-ICOSL interaction overcame the positive effect of CD40 or B cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF) stimulation on ICOSL expression. Together, our studies demonstrate a novel mechanism for the regulation of ICOSL expression in vivo and suggest that the ICOS costimulatory pathway is subject to negative feedback regulation by ICOSL down-regulation in response to ICOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Watanabe
- Division of Cell Signaling Regulation, Genome and Drug Research Center, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex immune disorder in which loss of tolerance to nucleic acid antigens and other crossreactive antigens is associated with the development of pathogenic autoantibodies that damage target organs, including the skin, joints, brain and kidney. New drugs based on modulation of the immune system are currently being developed for the treatment of SLE. Many of these new therapies do not globally suppress the immune system but target specific activation pathways relevant to SLE pathogenesis. Immune modulation in SLE is complicated by differences in the immune defects between patients and at different disease stages. Since both deficiency and hyperactivity of the immune system can give rise to SLE, the ultimate goal for SLE therapy is to restore homeostasis without affecting protective immune responses to pathogens. Here we review recent immunological advances that have enhanced our understanding of SLE pathogenesis and discuss how they may lead to the development of new treatment regimens.
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McLaughlin KA, Wucherpfennig KW. B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Adv Immunol 2008; 98:121-49. [PMID: 18772005 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The mainstream view is that MS is caused by an autoimmune attack of the CNS myelin by myelin-specific CD4 T cells, and this perspective is supported by extensive work in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS as well as immunological and genetic studies in humans. However, it is important to keep in mind that other cell populations of the immune system are also essential in the complex series of events leading to MS, as exemplified by the profound clinical efficacy of B cell depletion with Rituximab. This review discusses the mechanisms by which B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and dissects their role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T cells with matching antigen specificity, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as the secretion of autoantibodies that target structures on the myelin sheath and the axon. Mechanistic dissection of the interplay between T cells and B cells in MS may permit the development of B cell based therapies that do not require depletion of this important cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A McLaughlin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Goldacker S, Draeger R, Warnatz K, Huzly D, Salzer U, Thiel J, Eibel H, Schlesier M, Peter HH. Active vaccination in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Immunol 2007; 124:294-303. [PMID: 17602874 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Active vaccination of CVID patients with standard vaccines has rarely been studied in depth although some patients have been shown to develop transient vaccine-specific immunity. We addressed the question whether these patients can be identified by functional classification of their B cell subsets in vitro. Twenty-one CVID patients receiving regular IgG substitution were immunized with anti-peptide and anti-polysaccharide vaccines. Humoral vaccination responses were compared to the numbers of circulating memory B cells, CD21(low) B cells and the capacity to produce antibodies in vitro. Our findings allow four conclusions: (1) positive vaccination responses are not contradictory to the diagnosis of CVID; they occurred against polypeptide vaccines in 23% and against polysaccharide antigens in 18% of all vaccinations. (2) Class-switched antibody responses occur preferentially in patients of CVID group II. (3) A normal percentage of IgM memory B cells is necessary but not sufficient for a vaccination response to polysaccharide antigens. (4) Active vaccination in addition to IgG replacement therapy should be performed in patients of CVID type II - especially in case of vaccines for which passive protection cannot be guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldacker
- Department for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
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