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Shin S, Kim YJ, Yun HG, Chung H, Cho H, Choi S. 3D Amplified Single-Cell RNA and Protein Imaging Identifies Oncogenic Transcript Subtypes in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38320154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous in situ detection of transcript and protein markers at the single-cell level is essential for gaining a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and for predicting and monitoring treatment responses. However, the limited accessibility to advanced 3D imaging techniques has hindered their rapid implementation. Here, we present a 3D single-cell imaging technique, termed 3D digital rolling circle amplification (4DRCA), capable of the multiplexed and amplified simultaneous digital quantification of single-cell RNAs and proteins using standard fluorescence microscopy and off-the-shelf reagents. We generated spectrally distinguishable DNA amplicons from molecular markers through an integrative protocol combining single-cell RNA and protein assays and directly enumerated the amplicons by leveraging an open-source algorithm for 3D deconvolution with a custom-built automatic gating algorithm. With 4DRCA, we were able to simultaneously quantify surface protein markers and cytokine transcripts in T-lymphocytes. We also show that 4DRCA can distinguish BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with or without CD19 protein expression. The accessibility and extensibility of 4DRCA render it broadly applicable to other cell-based diagnostic workflows, enabling sensitive and accurate single-cell RNA and protein profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Shin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Yun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerim Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Cho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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2
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Cohen JA, Bomben R, Pozzo F, Tissino E, Härzschel A, Hartmann TN, Zucchetto A, Gattei V. An Updated Perspective on Current Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Context of Chemoimmunotherapy and Novel Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040894. [PMID: 32272636 PMCID: PMC7226446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. Novel biomarkers discovered over the past 20 years have revolutionized the way clinicians approach prognostication and treatment especially in the chemotherapy-free era. Herein, we review the best established prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the setting of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and novel targeted therapy. We propose that TP53 disruption (defined as either TP53 mutation or chromosome 17p deletion), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene status (UM IGHV), NOTCH1 mutation, and CD49d expression are the strongest prognosticators of disease progression and overall survival in the field of novel biomarkers including recurrent gene mutations. We also highlight the predictive role of TP53 disruption, UM IGHV, and NOTCH1 mutation in the setting of CIT and TP53 disruption and CD49d expression in the setting of novel targeted therapy employing B-cell receptor (BCR) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) inhibition. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field of biomarker development to identify those with relapsed/refractory disease at risk for progression despite treatment with novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Cohen
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Federico Pozzo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Erika Tissino
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.H.); (T.N.H.)
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.H.); (T.N.H.)
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659720; Fax: +39-0434-659409
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
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3
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Vosoughi T, Bagheri M, Hosseinzadeh M, Ehsanpour A, Davari N, Saki N. CD markers variations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: New insights into prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19420-19439. [PMID: 31049958 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most commonly occurring adult leukemias that is associated with clonal accumulation of mature apoptosis-resistant B-cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and specific tissues. Different pathogenesis factors can contribute to the aggression of the clinical course in this disease. Cytogenetic abnormalities and surface biomarkers of neoplastic CLL cells can be effective in the outcome of CLL, and the examination of changing CD markers expressions in the progression of CLL can be related to the prognosis of this disease. Changing expression levels of CD markers on lymphocytes and other cells in CLL patients can play a role in the aggressive clinical outcomes such as organomegaly, immunodeficiency, and advanced disease stages through their interaction with CLL microenvironment. Given the involvement of CD markers in the pathogenesis of CLL, it can be stated that recognizing the expression changes of CD markers in the cells involved in CLL can be a proper approach to evaluate prognosis among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vosoughi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsanpour
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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4
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Durand S, Trillet K, Uguen A, Saint-Pierre A, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Corcos L. A transcriptome-based protein network that identifies new therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:758. [PMID: 28962550 PMCID: PMC5622428 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer occurrence is increasing worldwide, making it the third most frequent cancer. Although many therapeutic options are available and quite efficient at the early stages, survival is strongly decreased when the disease has spread to other organs. The identification of molecular markers of colon cancer is likely to help understanding its course and, eventually, to uncover novel genes to be targeted by drugs. In this study, we compared gene expression in a set of 95 human colon cancer samples to that in 19 normal colon mucosae, focusing on 401 genes from 5 selected pathways (Apoptosis, Cancer, Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling, Drug metabolism, Wnt/beta-catenin). Deregulation of mRNA levels largely matched that of proteins, leading us to build in silico protein networks, starting from mRNA levels, to identify key proteins central to network activity. Results Among the analyzed genes, 10.5% (42) had no reported link with colon cancer, including the SFRP1, IGF1 and ADH1B (down), and MYC and IL8 (up), whose encoded proteins were most interacting with other proteins from the same or even distinct networks. Analyzing all pathways globally led us to uncover novel functional links between a priori unrelated or rather remotely connected pathways, such as the Drug metabolism and the Cancer pathways or, even more strikingly, between the Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling and the Cancer pathways. In addition, we analyzed the responsiveness of some of the deregulated genes essential to network activities, to chemotherapeutic agents used alone or in presence of Lovastatin, a lipid-lowering drug. Some of these treatments could oppose the deregulations occurring in cancer samples, including those of the CHECK2, CYP51A1, HMGCS1, ITGA2, NME1 or VEGFA genes. Conclusions Our network-based approach allowed discovering genes not previously known to play regulatory roles in colon cancer. Our results also showed that selected drug treatments might revert the cancer-specific deregulation of genes playing prominent roles within the networks operating to maintain colon homeostasis. Among those genes, some could constitute novel testable targets to eliminate colon cancer cells, either directly or, potentially, through the use of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, in association with selected anticancer drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durand
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Killian Trillet
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Uguen
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Aude Saint-Pierre
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Epidemiology, genetic Epidemiology and population genetics" team, 46 rue Félix Le Dantec, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Catherine Le Jossic-Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France. .,INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" laboratory, University of Western Brittany (UBO), Faculty of medicine, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.
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5
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Strati P, Parikh SA, Chaffee KG, Achenbach SJ, Slager SL, Call TG, Ding W, Jelinek DF, Hanson CA, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD. CD49d associates with nodal presentation and subsequent development of lymphadenopathy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:99-105. [PMID: 28386906 PMCID: PMC5549625 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CD49d is a surface integrin that is expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells, and strongly correlates with more aggressive disease. Given its association with cell-cell adhesion and leucocyte trafficking, we hypothesized that patients with high CD49d expression would experience a clinical course dominated by lymphadenopathy. CD49d expression was measured by flow cytometry and considered positive if expressed by ≥30% of CLL cells. The study included 797 newly diagnosed CLL/small lymphocytic leukaemia patients; 279 (35%) were CD49d positive. CD49d-positive patients were more likely to present with lymphadenopathy (P < 0·001); a finding that persisted after adjusting for fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and IGHV mutation status [odds ratio (OR) 2·51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·64-3·83; P < 0·001]. Among CLL Rai 0 patients, CD49d positivity was associated with shorter time to development of lymphadenopathy (3·2 years vs not reached, P < 0·01). This association was maintained after adjusting for either FISH [hazard ratio (HR) 2·18; 95% CI 1·25-3·81; P = 0·006) or IGHV status (HR 2·02; 95% CI 1·11-3·69; P = 0·02) individually, but was attenuated when adjusting by both (HR 1·72; 95% CI 0·88-3·38; P = 0·11).These data demonstrate that CD49d-positive CLL patients experience a disease course dominated by lymphadenopathy. These findings could have implications for therapy selection and disease monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis
- Lymphadenopathy/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Time Factors
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Strati
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Neil E Kay
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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6
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Wagner B, da Silva Nardi F, Schramm S, Kraemer T, Celik AA, Dürig J, Horn PA, Dührsen U, Nückel H, Rebmann V. HLA-E allelic genotype correlates with HLA-E plasma levels and predicts early progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2017; 123:814-823. [PMID: 27859015 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule that recently came into sharper focus as a putative marker of advanced tumor stages and disease progression. In solid tumors, increased HLA-E expression as well as elevated soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E) plasma levels are associated with a poor prognosis; however, a role for HLA-E in hematologic malignancies remains to be established. METHODS The authors analyzed HLA-E alleles and sHLA-E levels in a cohort of 110 individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). RESULTS In patients with CLL, levels of sHLA-E increased with advanced disease stage (P = .01) and decreased after therapy (P = .01). Longitudinal follow-up revealed that both HLA-E*01:03 alleles and high levels of sHLA-E were significantly associated with a requirement for early treatment in patients with CLL (P = .027 and P = .023, respectively). In vitro, sHLA-E inhibited degranulation and interferon-γ production by natural killer (NK) cells when cocultivated with tumor cells. Moreover, sHLA-E loaded onto microspheres induced transforming growth factor-β release by NK cells. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of at least 1 HLA-E*01:03 allele was an independent predictor of a requirement for early treatment. CONCLUSIONS HLA-E alleles and sHLA-E levels may represent novel biomarkers for early disease progression in patients with CLL. Cancer 2017;123:814-23. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Alleles
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genotype
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/blood
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wagner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabiola da Silva Nardi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Coordinaton for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sabine Schramm
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander A Celik
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Nückel
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Identifying High-Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Pathogenesis-Oriented Appraisal of Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy with or without Immunotherapy. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016047. [PMID: 27872727 PMCID: PMC5111525 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) displays an extremely variable clinical behaviour. Accurate prognostication and prediction of response to treatment are important in an era of effective first-line regimens and novel molecules for high risk patients. Because a plethora of prognostic biomarkers were identified, but few of them were validated by multivariable analysis in comprehensive prospective studies, we applied in this survey stringent criteria to select papers from the literature in order to identify the most reproducible prognostic/predictive markers. Each biomarker was analysed in terms of reproducibility across the different studies with respect to its impact on time to first treatment (TTFT), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response to treatment. We were able to identify the following biomarkers as the most reliable in guiding risk stratification in the daily clinical practice: 17p-/TP53 mutations, IGHV unmutated configuration, short telomeres and 11q-. However, the method for measuring telomere length was not validated yet and 11q- was predictive of inferior OS only in those patients who did not receive FCR-like combinations. Stage and lymphocytosis were predictive of shorter TTFT and age, high serum thymidine kinase levels and poor performance status were predictive of shorter OS. Using our criteria no parameter was found to independently predict for inferior response to treatment.
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8
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Gooden CE, Jones P, Bates R, Shallenberger WM, Surti U, Swerdlow SH, Roth CG. CD49d shows superior performance characteristics for flow cytometric prognostic testing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 94:129-135. [PMID: 27221715 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD49d is emerging as a powerful adverse prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). However, flow cytometric testing for CD49d has not yet been widely adopted in the United States, in part due to the lack of establishment of its performance characteristics in the clinical setting, especially in comparison with the more common CLL/SLL prognostic markers CD38 and ZAP-70. METHODS CD49d expression levels in 124 CLL/SLL cases were assessed among peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and lymph node (LN) specimens and correlated with available CD38 and ZAP-70 expression and cytogenetic findings. For 10 PB/BM specimens, the stability of CD49d, CD38, and ZAP-70 expression was assessed at <24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours. RESULTS 39% (28 of 71) PB, 56% (18 of 32) BM, and 71% (15 of 21) LN involved by CLL/SLL were CD49d+, using a ≥30% threshold. The mean for the CD49d+ cases was 2.8 standard deviations (SD) above the cutoff for positivity, compared with 1.7 SD for CD38 and 1.1 SD for ZAP-70. CD49d demonstrated the lowest mean SD (0.91) and coefficient of variation (CV) (8.0%) compared with CD38 (SD = 2.1, CV = 10.4%) and ZAP-70 (SD = 9.8, CV = 40.5%) in stability studies over a 96-hours time period. CD49d+ CLL/SLL correlated with trisomy 12 (P = 0.025) and lack of isolated deletion (13q) (P = 0.005). CD38+ CLL/SLL correlated with deletion (11q) (P = 0.025). ZAP-70 did not correlate with any underlying cytogenetic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS CD49d is a robust adverse prognostic marker in CLL/SLL with superior performance characteristics. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Gooden
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth Bates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Shallenberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine G Roth
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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9
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Naci D, Vuori K, Aoudjit F. Alpha2beta1 integrin in cancer development and chemoresistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:145-53. [PMID: 26297892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix, via its receptors the integrins, has emerged as a crucial factor in cancer development. The α2β1 integrin is a major collagen receptor that is widely expressed and known to promote cell migration and control tissue homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that it can be a key pathway in cancer. Recent studies have shown that α2β1 integrin is a regulator of cancer metastasis either by promoting or inhibiting the dissemination process of cancer cells. The α2β1 integrin signaling can also enhance tumor angiogenesis. Emerging evidence supports a role for α2β1 integrin in cancer chemoresistance especially in hematological malignancies originating from the T cell lineage. In addition, α2β1 integrin has been associated with cancer stem cells. In this review, we will discuss the complex role of α2β1 integrin in these processes. Collagen is a major matrix protein of the tumor microenvironment and thus, understanding how α2β1 integrin regulates cancer pathogenesis is likely to lead to new therapeutic approaches and agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Naci
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires and Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires and Département de Microbiologie-Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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10
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Gutjahr JC, Greil R, Hartmann TN. The Role of CD44 in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2015; 6:177. [PMID: 25941526 PMCID: PMC4403525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 interactions with hyaluronan (HA) play a key role in various malignancies, supporting tumor cell migration, adhesion, and survival. In contrast to solid tumors, the expression of CD44 standard and variant forms and their functional interplay with HA is less understood in hematological malignancies. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a highly abundant B-cell malignancy with a well coordinated balance between cell cycle-arrest and proliferation of tumor subpopulations. The long-term survival and proliferation of CLL cells requires their dynamic interactions with stromal and immune cells in lymphoid organs. Interactions of HA with CD44 and HA-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) contribute to CLL cell localization, and hence CLL pathophysiology, by shaping homing, interstitial migration, and adhesion of the tumor cells. CD44 can complex with key prognostic factors of CLL, particularly CD38 and CD49d, bridging the gap between prognosis and cellular function. Here, we review the current evidence for the individual and associated contributions of CD44 to CLL pathophysiology, the dynamic functional regulation of CD44 upon CLL cell activation, and possible therapeutic strategies targeting CD44 in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Christine Gutjahr
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria ; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria ; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Centre, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria ; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
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11
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Schlesinger M, Bendas G. Contribution of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) integrin to cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:575-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Brachtl G, Piñón Hofbauer J, Greil R, Hartmann TN. The pathogenic relevance of the prognostic markers CD38 and CD49d in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:361-74. [PMID: 24288111 PMCID: PMC4032465 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with the microenvironment in secondary lymphoid tissues and the bone marrow are known to promote CLL cell survival and proliferation. CD38 and CD49d are both independent prognostic risk parameters in CLL with important roles in shaping these interactions. Both are reported to influence CLL cell trafficking between blood and lymphoid organs as well as their survival and proliferation within the lymphoid organs, thereby impacting the pathophysiology of the disease. The expression of CD38 and CD49d is associated in the majority of cases, and they exist as part of macromolecular complexes. Here, we review the current evidence for the individual and associated contributions of these molecules to CLL pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/blood
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Integrin alpha4/metabolism
- Integrin alpha4beta1/blood
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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13
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Bulian P, Shanafelt TD, Fegan C, Zucchetto A, Cro L, Nückel H, Baldini L, Kurtova AV, Ferrajoli A, Burger JA, Gaidano G, Del Poeta G, Pepper C, Rossi D, Gattei V. CD49d is the strongest flow cytometry-based predictor of overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:897-904. [PMID: 24516016 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.8515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although CD49d is an unfavorable prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), definitive validation evidence is lacking. A worldwide multicenter analysis was performed using published and unpublished CLL series to evaluate the impact of CD49d as an overall (OS) and treatment-free survival (TFS) predictor. PATIENTS AND METHODS A training/validation strategy was chosen to find the optimal CD49d cutoff. The hazard ratio (HR) for death and treatment imposed by CD49d was estimated by pooled analysis of 2,972 CLLs; Cox analysis stratified by center and stage was used to adjust for confounding variables. The importance of CD49d over other flow cytometry-based prognosticators (eg, CD38, ZAP-70) was ranked by recursive partitioning. RESULTS Patients with ≥ 30% of neoplastic cells expressing CD49d were considered CD49d+. Decrease in OS at 5 and 10 years among CD49d+ patients was 7% and 23% (decrease in TFS, 26% and 25%, respectively). Pooled HR of CD49d for OS was 2.5 (2.3 for TFS) in univariate analysis. This HR remained significant and of similar magnitude (HR, 2.0) in a Cox model adjusted for clinical and biologic prognosticators. Hierarchic trees including all patients or restricted to those with early-stage disease or those age ≤ 65 years always selected CD49d as the most important flow cytometry-based biomarker, with negligible additional prognostic information added by CD38 or ZAP-70. Consistently, by bivariate analysis, CD49d reliably identified patient subsets with poorer outcome independent of CD38 and ZAP-70. CONCLUSION In this analysis of approximately 3,000 patients, CD49d emerged as the strongest flow cytometry-based predictor of OS and TFS in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bulian
- Pietro Bulian, Antonella Zucchetto, and Valter Gattei, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano; Lilla Cro and Luca Baldini, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Università degli Studi, Milan; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara; Giovanni Del Poeta, Tor Vergata University, S. Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy; Tait D. Shanafelt, Mayo Research Center, Rochester, NY; Chris Fegan and Chris Pepper, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Holger Nückel, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Antonina V. Kurtova, Alessandra Ferrajoli, and Jan A. Burger, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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14
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Huang PY, Best OG, Almazi JG, Belov L, Davis ZA, Majid A, Dyer MJ, Pascovici D, Mulligan SP, Christopherson RI. Cell surface phenotype profiles distinguish stable and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2085-92. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.867486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Sevov M, Rosenquist R, Mansouri L. RNA-based markers as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:69-79. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Jbeily N, Suckert I, Gonnert FA, Acht B, Bockmeyer CL, Grossmann SD, Blaess MF, Lueth A, Deigner HP, Bauer M, Claus RA. Hyperresponsiveness of mice deficient in plasma-secreted sphingomyelinase reveals its pivotal role in early phase of host response. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:410-24. [PMID: 23230083 PMCID: PMC3541704 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma secretion of acid sphingomyelinase is a hallmark of cellular stress
response resulting in the formation of membrane embedded ceramide-enriched lipid
rafts and the reorganization of receptor complexes. Consistently,
decompartmentalization of ceramide formation from inert sphingomyelin has been
associated with signaling events and regulation of the cellular phenotype.
Herein, we addressed the question of whether the secretion of acid
sphingomyelinase is involved in host response during sepsis. We found an
exaggerated clinical course in mice genetically deficient in acid
sphingomyelinase characterized by an increased bacterial burden, an increased
phagocytotic activity, and a more pronounced cytokine storm. Moreover, on a
functional level, leukocyte-endothelial interaction was found diminished in
sphingomyelinase-deficient animals corresponding to a distinct leukocytes’
phenotype with respect to rolling and sticking as well as expression of cellular
surface proteins. We conclude that hydrolysis of membrane-embedded
sphingomyelin, triggered by circulating sphingomyelinase, plays a pivotal role
in the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. This function
might be essential during the early phase of infection leading to an adaptive
response of remote cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Jbeily
- Center of Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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17
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Yen CY, Huang CY, Hou MF, Yang YH, Chang CH, Huang HW, Chen CH, Chang HW. Evaluating the performance of fibronectin 1 (FN1), integrin α4β1 (ITGA4), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and glycoprotein CD44 as the potential biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biomarkers 2012; 18:63-72. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.737025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Huang PY, Best OG, Belov L, Mulligan SP, Christopherson RI. Surface profiles for subclassification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1046-56. [PMID: 22023531 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.631370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a variable clinical course. Some patients have stable disease while others progress and require treatment. Levels of several cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are known to correlate with prognosis and may be used to stratify patients according to risk. In this review, we summarize current information on surface CD antigens found on CLL, their pathological significance and their detection using CD antibody microarrays. The use of extensive immunophenotypic patterns or surface profiles as disease signatures for CLL subclassification, prognosis and patient management is discussed with a focus on triaging patients with CLL with progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Y Huang
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by both circulating peripheral disease as well as involvement of the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Increasing evidence suggests that the stromal microenvironment provides anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signals to CLL cells, and may contribute significantly to resistance to a wide variety of treatments. Our understanding of the complex interactions involved in CLL cell trafficking continues to grow. Chemokines and corresponding chemokine receptors are key factors for organizing CLL cell trafficking and homing and the complex cellular interactions between CLL and accessory cells. Important chemokines include CCL3, CCL4, and CCL22, which are released by CLL cells, and CXCL12, CXCL13, CXCL9, 10, 11, CCL 19, and CCL21, which are constitutively secreted by various stromal cells. Integrins such as VLA-4 (CD49d) as well as selectins and CD44 also likely play a role in directing CLL cell migration within the tissue microenvironments. Data are also emerging that other molecules such as MMP-9 and cytoskeletal proteins also contribute to CLL cell trafficking. Though this interplay is complex, it is critical that we improve our understanding of CLL cell trafficking to facilitate the development of novel therapies that target these pathways. Several drugs in clinical development, such as CXCR4 antagonists and PI3K, Btk, and Syk inhibitors appear to modulate CLL cell trafficking and CLL-stroma interactions. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular interactions that underlie CLL cell trafficking and we highlight some of the promising approaches underway to target these pathways therapeutically in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The CD49d/CD29 complex is physically and functionally associated with CD38 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2012; 26:1301-12. [PMID: 22289918 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD49d and CD38 are independent negative prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Their associated expression marks a disease subset with a highly aggressive clinical course. Here, we demonstrate a constitutive physical association between the CD49d/CD29 integrin complex and CD38 in primary CLL cells and B-cell lines by (i) cocapping, (ii) coimmunoprecipitation and (iii) cell adhesion experiments using CD49d-specific substrates (vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1 or CS-1/H89 fibronectin fragments). The role of CD38 in CD49d-mediated cell adhesion was studied in CD49d(+)CD38(+) and CD49d(+)CD38(-) primary CLL cells, and confirmed using CD38 transfectants of the originally CD49d(+)CD38(-) CLL-derived cell line Mec-1. Results indicate that CD49d(+)CD38(+) cells adhered more efficiently onto CD49d-specific substrates than CD49d(+)CD38(-) cells (P < 0.001). Upon adhesion, CD49d(+)CD38(+) cells underwent distinctive changes in cell shape and morphology, with higher levels of phosphorylated Vav-1 than CD49d(+)CD38(-) cells (P = 0.0006) and a more complex distribution of F-actin to the adhesion sites. Lastly, adherent CD49d(+)CD38(+) cells were more resistant to serum-deprivation-induced (P < 0.001) and spontaneous (P = 0.03) apoptosis than the CD49d(+)CD38(-) counterpart. Altogether, our results point to a direct role for CD38 in enhancing CD49d-mediated adhesion processes in CLL, thus providing an explanation for the negative clinical impact exerted by these molecules when coexpressed in neoplastic cells.
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Aydin S, Grabellus F, Eisele L, Möllmann M, Hanoun M, Ebeling P, Moritz T, Carpinteiro A, Nückel H, Sak A, Göthert JR, Dührsen U, Dürig J. Investigating the role of CD38 and functionally related molecular risk factors in the CLL NOD/SCID xenograft model. Eur J Haematol 2011; 87:10-9. [PMID: 21692849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We explored the role of CD38 and functionally associated molecular risk factors in a recently described chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) nonobese diabetic/ severe combined immunodeficient xenograft model. Intravenous injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 patients with CLL into 244 mice resulted in robust engraftment of leukemic cells into the murine spleens detected 4 wks after transplantation. Leukemic cell engraftment correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with markers reflecting disease activity, e.g., Binet stage and lymphocyte doubling time, and the expression of molecular risk factors including CD38, CD49d, ZAP-70, and IgVH mutational status. Increased engraftment levels of CD38+ as compared to CD38- CLL cells could be attributed, in part, to leukemic cell proliferation as evidenced by combined immunostaining of murine spleen sections for Ki-67 and CD20. In short-term (24 h) homing assays, CD38+ CLL cells migrated more efficiently to the bone marrow of the recipient animals than their CD38- counterparts. Finally, CD38 expression by the leukemic cells was found to be dynamic in that it was regulated not only by elements of the murine microenvironment but also by co-engrafting non-malignant human T cells. This model could be useful for evaluating the biological basis of CLL growth in the context of the hematopoietic microenvironment as well as preclinical testing of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Aydin
- Department of Hematology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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22
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Majid A, Lin TT, Best G, Fishlock K, Hewamana S, Pratt G, Yallop D, Buggins AGS, Wagner S, Kennedy BJ, Miall F, Hills R, Devereux S, Oscier DG, Dyer MJS, Fegan C, Pepper C. CD49d is an independent prognostic marker that is associated with CXCR4 expression in CLL. Leuk Res 2010; 35:750-6. [PMID: 21093051 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) research is awash with prognostic markers. However, very few of the current group play a clearly defined role in the pathology of this disease and even fewer represent a tractable therapeutic target. One such marker that fulfils both of these criteria is the integrin CD49d. This molecule been implicated in the capacity of CLL cells to migrate into lymphoid tissues and there is a CD49d blocking antibody, Natalizumab, currently in clinical trials. Here we carried out the largest multi-centre evaluation of CD49d as a prognostic marker in 652 primary CLL samples. We confirm that CD49d is predictive for time to first treatment (P<0.0001) and overall survival (P<0.0001) and increases the prognostic power of CD38, ZAP-70 and IGHV gene mutation status in concordant cases. Furthermore, CD49d retained independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. In contrast to previous studies, we showed no correlation between CD49d expression and in vitro resistance to fludarabine in liquid cultures (P=0.28) but CD49d(hi) cells were significantly more resistant than CD49d(lo) cells when assays were carried out on fibronectin-coated plates (P=0.03). Furthermore, we showed for the first time that the expression of CD49d is strongly associated with expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 suggesting a co-ordinated role for these molecules in the trafficking of CLL cells to the lymphoid tissues. Taken together, our data support the introduction of CD49d into routine immunophenotyping panels for CLL and indicate that the therapeutic targeting of this molecule may prove useful in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Majid
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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High expression of AID and active class switch recombination might account for a more aggressive disease in unmutated CLL patients: link with an activated microenvironment in CLL disease. Blood 2010; 115:4488-96. [PMID: 20233972 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-257758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells with tissue microenvironment has been suggested to favor disease progression by promoting malignant B-cell growth. Previous work has shown expression in peripheral blood (PB) of CLL B cells of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) among CLL patients with an unmutated (UM) profile of immunoglobulin genes and with ongoing class switch recombination (CSR) process. Because AID expression results from interaction with activated tissue microenvironment, we speculated whether the small subset with ongoing CSR is responsible for high levels of AID expression and could be derived from this particular microenvironment. In this work, we quantified AID expression and ongoing CSR in PB of 50 CLL patients and characterized the expression of different molecules related to microenvironment interaction. Our results show that among UM patients (1) high AID expression is restricted to the subpopulation of tumoral cells ongoing CSR; (2) this small subset expresses high levels of proliferation, antiapoptotic and progression markers (Ki-67, c-myc, Bcl-2, CD49d, and CCL3/4 chemokines). Overall, this work outlines the importance of a cellular subset in PB of UM CLL patients with a poor clinical outcome, high AID levels, and ongoing CSR, whose presence might be a hallmark of a recent contact with the microenvironment.
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New insights into the regulation of ion channels by integrins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 279:135-90. [PMID: 20797679 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)79005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By controlling cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, integrin receptors regulate processes as diverse as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and synaptic stability. Because the underlying mechanisms are generally accompanied by changes in transmembrane ion flow, a complex interplay occurs between integrins, ion channels, and other membrane transporters. This reciprocal interaction regulates bidirectional signal transduction across the cell surface and may take place at all levels of control, from transcription to direct conformational coupling. In particular, it is becoming increasingly clear that integrin receptors form macromolecular complexes with ion channels. Besides contributing to the membrane localization of the channel protein, the integrin/channel complex can regulate a variety of downstream signaling pathways, centered on regulatory proteins like tyrosine kinases and small GTPases. In turn, the channel protein usually controls integrin activation and expression. We review some recent advances in the field, with special emphasis on hematology and neuroscience. Some oncological implications are also discussed.
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25
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Anti-human very late antigen-α4 (CD49d) monoclonal antibody (BU49) cross-reacts with the canine B-cell leukemia cell line GL-1, resulting in the induction of homotypic cell aggregation. Cell Immunol 2010; 263:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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