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Liu W, Li C, Tan FCK, Neo HJ, Chan YH, Low CM, Lee TL. Cerebrospinal fluid of chronic osteoarthritic patients induced interleukin-6 release in human glial cell-line T98G. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32213162 PMCID: PMC7093964 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic osteoarthritic pain is not well understood in terms of its pathophysiological mechanism. Activated glial cells are thought to play a role in the maintenance of chronic pain. T98G glioblastoma cell line was previously observed to release higher amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with another chronic pain condition, post-herpetic neuralgia. In this study, we investigated the ability of CSF from patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis suffering from chronic pain, to trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from T98G. Characterization of upstream signalling was also explored. METHODS Fifteen osteoarthritis patients undergoing total knee replacement due to chronic knee pain and 15 patients without pain undergoing other surgeries with spinal anaesthesia were prospectively recruited. CSF was collected during anaesthesia. CSF were added to cultured T98G cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α release from T98G cells were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Antibody array and western blotting were performed using CSF-triggered T98G cell lysates to identify possible signalling targets. Age, gender and pain scores were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare IL-6 release and protein expression between groups. Association between IL-6 and pain score was analysed using linear regression. RESULTS Significant higher levels of IL-6 were released by T98G cells when induced by osteoarthritis patients' CSF in the presence of LPS. The IL-6 levels showed positive association with pain score (adjusted B estimate = 10.1 (95% Confidence Interval 4.3-15.9); p = 0.001). Antibody array conducted with 6 pooled T98G cell lysate induced with osteoarthritis pain patient CSF identified greater than 2-fold proteins including STE20-related kinase adaptor protein and spleen tyrosine kinase. Further validation done using western blotting of individual CSF-triggered T98G cell lysate showed non-significant increase. CONCLUSION Higher IL-6 release from T98G when triggered by OA-CSF, in the presence of LPS, suggest the presence of "unknown molecule" in CSF that may be crucial in the maintenance phase of chronic pain in our osteoarthritis population. Further studies on the signalling pathways involved in pain and relevance of IL-6 release from T98G cells in other pain models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Francis Chee Kuan Tan
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Hong Jye Neo
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Tat Leang Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. .,Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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