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Prakash PR, Gupta G, Aggarwal M, Baitha U. Type 2 hyper-IgM syndrome with a rare variant of AICDA gene mutation in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253878. [PMID: 36931691 PMCID: PMC10030550 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a woman in her early 20s with a history of recurrent infection, atopic dermatitis, filariasis and bilateral purulent ear discharge since childhood with tonsillar enlargement on examination. She was started on supportive care and evaluated for primary immunodeficiency disease. Blood investigations revealed increased IgM levels with reduced IgG, IgA and IgE levels. Radiological imaging of the chest revealed bilateral bronchiectasis. Otoscopic examination showed features suggestive of chronic suppurative otitis media. Next-generation sequencing identified homozygous single base pair deletion in exon 2 of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase gene. Thus, a diagnosis of hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 was confirmed. The patient was started on monthly intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy and is currently symptomatically better, and she remains under regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mukul Aggarwal
- Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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2
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Sbrana FV, Pinos R, Barbaglio F, Ribezzi D, Scagnoli F, Scarfò L, Redwan IN, Martinez H, Farè S, Ghia P, Scielzo C. 3D Bioprinting Allows the Establishment of Long-Term 3D Culture Model for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639572. [PMID: 34012434 PMCID: PMC8126722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) represents the most common leukemia in the western world and remains incurable. Leukemic cells organize and interact in the lymphoid tissues, however what actually occurs in these sites has not been fully elucidated yet. Studying primary CLL cells in vitro is very challenging due to their short survival in culture and also to the fact that traditional two-dimensional in vitro models lack cellular and spatial complexity present in vivo. Based on these considerations, we exploited for the first time three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to advance in vitro models for CLL. This technology allowed us to print CLL cells (both primary cells and cell lines) mixed with the appropriate, deeply characterized, hydrogel to generate a scaffold containing the cells, thus avoiding the direct cell seeding onto a precast 3D scaffold and paving the way to more complex models. Using this system, we were able to efficiently 3D bioprint leukemic cells and improve their viability in vitro that could be maintained up to 28 days. We monitored over time CLL cells viability, phenotype and gene expression, thus establishing a reproducible long-term 3D culture model for leukemia. Through RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis, we observed a consistent difference in gene expression profile between 2D and 3D samples, indicating a different behavior of the cells in the two different culture settings. In particular, we identified pathways upregulated in 3D, at both day 7 and 14, associated with immunoglobulins production, pro-inflammatory molecules expression, activation of cytokines/chemokines and cell-cell adhesion pathways, paralleled by a decreased production of proteins involved in DNA replication and cell division, suggesting a strong adaptation of the cells in the 3D culture. Thanks to this innovative approach, we developed a new tool that may help to better mimic the physiological 3D in vivo settings of leukemic cells as well as of immune cells in broader terms. This will allow for a more reliable study of the molecular and cellular interactions occurring in normal and neoplastic conditions in vivo, and could also be exploited for clinical purposes to test individual responses to different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vittoria Sbrana
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pinos
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Barbaglio
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Ribezzi
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Scagnoli
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,B-Cell Neoplasia Unit and Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,B-Cell Neoplasia Unit and Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Malignant B Cells Biology and 3D Modelling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Mendoza J, Quinn J, Infante A, Nath P, Amornruk N. A novel activation-induced cytidine deaminase mutation in an adult with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:199-200. [PMID: 33127529 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mendoza
- Wilford Hall Allergy Clinic, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.
| | - James Quinn
- Wilford Hall Allergy Clinic, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas
| | - Anthony Infante
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Priya Nath
- 633(rd) Medical Group, Langley Air Force Base Hospital, Hampton, Virginia
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Strillacci MG, Vega-Murillo VE, Román-Ponce SI, López FJR, Cozzi MC, Gorla E, Cerolini S, Bertolini F, Fontanesi L, Bagnato A. Looking at genetic structure and selection signatures of the Mexican chicken population using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:791-802. [PMID: 29272469 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation enables both adaptive evolutionary changes and artificial selection. Genetic makeup of populations is the result of a long-term process of selection and adaptation to specific environments and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of México's chicken population to reveal any underlying population structure. A total of 213 chickens were sampled in different rural production units located in 25 states of México. Genotypes were obtained using the Affymetrix Axiom® 600 K Chicken Genotyping Array. The Identity by Descent (IBD) and the principal components analysis (PCA) were performed by SVS software on pruned single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ADMIXTURE analyses identified 3 ancestors and the proportion of the genetic contribution of each of them has been determined in each individual. The results of the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis resulted consistent with those obtained by the PCA. All methods utilized in this study did not allow a classification of Mexican chicken in distinct clusters or groups. A total of 3,059 run of homozygosity (ROH) were identified and, being mainly short in length (<4 Mb), these regions are indicative of a low inbreeding level in the population. Finally, findings from the ROH analysis indicated the presence of natural selective pressure in the population of Mexican chicken.The study indicates that the Mexican chicken clearly appear to be a unique creole chicken population that was not subjected to a specific artificial selection. Results provide a genetic knowledge that can be used as a basis for the genetic management of a unique and very large creole population, especially in the view of using it in production of hybrids to increase the productivity and economic revenue of family farming agriculture, which is widely present in México.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Strillacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - V E Vega-Murillo
- Campo Experimental La Posta, INIFAP, km 22.5 Carretera Federal Veracruz-Córdoba, Paso del Toro, Municipio de Medellín, 94277, Veracruz, México
| | - S I Román-Ponce
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP), Km. 1 Carretera a Colón, Auchitlán, 76280, Querétaro, México
| | - F J Ruiz López
- Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP), Km. 1 Carretera a Colón, Auchitlán, 76280, Querétaro, México
| | - M C Cozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Gorla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences - Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 1221 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences - Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Bagnato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Activation induced cytidine deaminase mutant (AID-His130Pro) from Hyper IgM 2 patient retained mutagenic activity on SHM artificial substrate. Mol Immunol 2016; 79:77-82. [PMID: 27716525 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) during secondary immune response. Mutations in the AICDA gene are responsible for Hyper IgM 2 syndrome where both CSR and SHM or only CSR are affected. Indeed, triggering either of the two mechanisms requires the DNA deamination activity of AID. Besides, different domains of AID may be differentially involved in CSR and SHM through their interaction with specific cofactors. Herein, we studied the AID-induced SHM activity of the AID-His130Pro mutant identified in a patient with Hyper IgM 2 syndrome. AID mutagenic activity was monitored by the reversion of nonsense mutations of the EGFP gene assessed by flow cytometry. We found that the His130Pro mutation, which affects CSR, preserves AID mutagenic activity. Indeed, the His130 residue is located in a putative specific CSR region in the APOBEC-like domain, known to involve CSR specific cofactors that probably play a major role in AID physiological activities.
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Enrichment of rare variants in population isolates: single AICDA mutation responsible for hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 in Finland. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1473-8. [PMID: 27142677 PMCID: PMC5027683 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation critically depend on the function of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Rare variants in its gene AICDA have been reported to cause autosomal recessive AID deficiency (autosomal recessive hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2)). Exome sequencing of a multicase Finnish family with an HIGM2 phenotype identified a rare, homozygous, variant (c.416T>C, p.(Met139Thr)) in the AICDA gene, found to be significantly enriched in the Finnish population compared with other populations of European origin (38.56-fold, P<0.001). The population history of Finland, characterized by a restricted number of founders, isolation and several population bottlenecks, has caused enrichment of certain rare disease-causing variants and losses of others, as part of a phenomenon called the Finnish Disease Heritage. Accordingly, rare founder mutations cause the majority of observed Finnish cases in these mostly autosomal recessive disorders that consequently are more frequent in Finland than elsewhere. Screening of all currently known Finnish patients with an HIGM2 phenotype showed them to be homozygous for p.(Met139Thr). All the Finnish p.(Met139Thr) carriers with available data on their geographic descent originated from the eastern and northeastern parts of Finland. They were observed to share more of their genome identity by descent (IBD) than Finns in general (P<0.001), and they all carried a 207.5-kb ancestral haplotype containing the variant. In conclusion, the identified p.(Met139Thr) variant is significantly enriched in Finns and explains all thus far found AID deficiencies in Finland.
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