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Zhang L, Xue Y, Yuan C, Du X, Wang X, Guo L, Li B. Decreased SIRT1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2287-2294. [PMID: 37294424 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirtuin (SIRT)1, as a molecular link between immunity and metabolic pathways, is a key immune response regulator. The significance of SIRT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the SIRT1 mRNA level in PBMCs of patients with NMOSD and its clinical relevance and explore the potential mechanism of SIRT1 action. METHODS A total of 65 patients with NMOSD and 60 normal controls from North China were enrolled. Using real-time fluorescence quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, mRNA levels were detected in PBMCs, and protein levels were detected using western blotting. RESULTS Compared to the healthy controls and chronic-phase patients with NMOSD, SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs of NMOSD patients with acute attack were significantly downregulated (p < 0.0001). ∆EDSS scores (EDSS scores in the acute phase-EDSS scores before the recent attack) were higher in NMOSD patients with low SIRT1 mRNA level than in patients with high SIRT1 expression (p = 0.042). SIRT1 mRNA level in patients with acute-phase NMSOD was positively correlated with lymphocyte and monocyte counts and negatively correlated with neutrophil counts and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Furthermore, the transcription factor FOXP3 mRNA level was significantly positively correlated with the SIRT1 mRNA level in PBMCs of patients with acute-phase NMOSD. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that SIRT1 mRNA expression was downregulated in the PBMCs of patients with acute-phase NMOSD, and its level was correlated with the clinical parameters of the patients, suggesting a potential role of SIRT1 in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yumei Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Neurology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaochen Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Allen PC, Roberts K, Rubio JE, Tiwari HK, Absher DM, Cooper SJ, Myers RM, Brown EE. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis implicates enrichment of interferon pathway in African American patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and European Americans with lupus nephritis. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103089. [PMID: 37506491 PMCID: PMC10529132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects women. Trends in SLE prevalence and clinical course differ by ancestry, with those of African American ancestry presenting with more active, severe and rapidly progressive disease than European Americans. Previous research established altered epigenetic signatures in SLE patients compared to controls. However, the contribution of aberrant DNA methylation (DNAm) to the risk of SLE by ancestry and differences among patients with SLE-associated Lupus Nephritis (LN) has not been well described. We evaluated the DNA methylomes of 87 individuals including 41 SLE patients, with and without LN, and 46 controls enrolled in an ancestry diverse, well-characterized cohort study of established SLE (41 SLE patients [20 SLE-LN+, 21 SLE-LN-] and 46 sex-, race- and age-matched controls; 55% African American, 45% European American). Participants were genotyped using the Infinium Global Diversity Array (GDA), and genetic ancestry was estimated using principal components. Genome-wide DNA methylation was initially measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC 850K Beadchip array followed by methylation-specific qPCR to validate the methylation status at putative loci. Differentially Methylated Positions (DMP) were identified using a case-control approach adjusted for ancestry. We identified a total of 51 DMPs in CpGs among SLE patients compared to controls. Genes proximal to these CpGs were highly enriched for involvement in type I interferon signaling. DMPs among European American SLE patients with LN were similar to African American SLE patients with and without LN. Our findings were validated using an orthogonal, methyl-specific PCR for three SLE-associated DMPs near or proximal to MX1, USP18, and IFITM1. Our study confirms previous reports that DMPs in CpGs associated with SLE are enriched in type I interferon genes. However, we show that European American SLE patients with LN have similar DNAm patterns to African American SLE patients irrespective of LN, suggesting that aberrant DNAm alters activity of type I interferon pathway leading to more severe disease independent of ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Allen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jose E Rubio
- Department of Rheumatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Devin M Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Bhat R, Tonutti A, Timilsina S, Selmi C, Gershwin ME. Perspectives on Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Management of Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023:10.1007/s12016-023-08963-3. [PMID: 37338709 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Before becoming a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous immune-mediated diseases, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was first introduced as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant immunology and later received the attention of rheumatologists and clinicians involved in the management of autoimmune diseases. MMF is now a widespread immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of several conditions, including lupus nephritis, interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis while being efficacious also as rescue therapy in various orphan diseases, including dermatomyositis and IgA-associated nephropathy. Similarly, case reports or series support a possible use of MMF in other rare autoimmune diseases. Beyond modulating lymphocyte activation, MMF acts on other immune and non-immune cells and these effects may explain the therapeutic profile of this medication. The effects of MMF are broadly characterized by the impact on the immune system and the antiproliferative and antifibrotic changes induced. In this latter case, mechanistic data on fibroblasts may in the future allow to reevaluate the use of MMF in selected patients with inflammatory arthritis or systemic sclerosis. Attention must be paid towards the possible occurrence of adverse events, such as gastrointestinal complaints and teratogenicity, while the risk of infections and cancer related to MMF needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithika Bhat
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Antonio Tonutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Suraj Timilsina
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Wang B, Mao F. The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome in epigenetic modifications in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166536. [PMID: 37261347 PMCID: PMC10227589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a complex process of reversible and heritable alterations in gene function, and the combination of epigenetic and metabolic alterations is recognized as an important causative factor in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and even tumors. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC-derived exosome (MSC-EXO) are widely studied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, where they appear to be promising therapeutic agents, partly through the potent regulation of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and expression of regulatory non-coding RNAs, which affects the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of MSC-EXO in inflammatory diseases through their modulation of epigenetic modifications and discuss its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Demirtzoglou G, Chrysoglou SI, Katopodi T, Dimitroulas T, Iakovidou-Kritsi Z, Garyfallos A, Lambropoulos A. Olanzapine's Cytogenetic Effect on T Lymphocytes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37683. [PMID: 37206523 PMCID: PMC10190187 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study will investigate olanzapine's cytogenetic behavior in cultured human T lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Three olanzapine solutions were added in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals, SLE, and RA patients. After 72 hours of incubation, the cultured lymphocytes were plated on glass slides and stained with the fluorescence plus Giemsa method. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), proliferation rate index (PRI), and mitotic index (MI) were measured with the optical microscope. RESULTS There was a statistically significant (p=0.001) dose-dependent increase of SCEs in SLE and RA patients compared to healthy individuals and a statistically significant (p=0.001) reduction of PRI and MI in the highest concentration in the SLE group. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied to calculate the correlation between SCEs, PRI, and MI. Negative significant correlations were noticed for both patient groups concerning SCEs-PRI alterations and SCEs-MI alterations. Conversely, positive correlations were noticed for both patient groups for PRI-MI alterations. Conclusions: Olanzapine affects T lymphocytes from SLE and RA patients by modifying DNA replication procedures and DNA damage response. Considering the use of olanzapine in neuropsychiatric symptoms of SLE, further in vivo studies are necessary to evaluate its effect on human DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Demirtzoglou
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 251 General Airforce Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Sofia-Ifigeneia Chrysoglou
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Theodora Katopodi
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Zafeiroula Iakovidou-Kritsi
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Alexandros Garyfallos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Alexandros Lambropoulos
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Darekar S, Laín S. Asymmetric inheritance of cytoophidia could contribute to determine cell fate and plasticity: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia: The onset of alternative differentiation patterns in daughter cells may rely on the acquisition of either CTPS or IMPDH cytoophidia. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200128. [PMID: 36209393 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two enzymes involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides, CTP synthase (CTPS) and IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH), can assemble into a single or very few large filaments called rods and rings (RR) or cytoophidia. Most recently, asymmetric cytoplasmic distribution of organelles during cell division has been described as a decisive event in hematopoietic stem cell fate. We propose that cytoophidia, which could be considered as membrane-less organelles, may also be distributed asymmetrically during mammalian cell division as previously described for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, because each type of nucleotide intervenes in distinct processes (e.g., membrane synthesis, glycosylation, and G protein-signaling), alterations in the rate of synthesis of specific nucleotide types could influence cell differentiation in multiple ways. Therefore, we hypothesize that whether a daughter cell inherits or not CTPS or IMPDH filaments determines its fate and that this asymmetric inheritance, together with the dynamic nature of these structures enables plasticity in a cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Xu N, Liu J, Li X. Lupus nephritis: The regulatory interplay between epigenetic and MicroRNAs. Front Physiol 2022; 13:925416. [PMID: 36187762 PMCID: PMC9523357 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, non-coding RNA molecules that act as epigenetic modifiers to regulate the protein levels of target messenger RNAs without altering their genetic sequences. The highly complex role of miRNAs in the epigenetics of lupus nephritis (LN) is increasingly being recognized. DNA methylation and histone modifications are focal points of epigenetic research. miRNAs play a critical role in renal development and physiology, and dysregulation may result in abnormal renal cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis of the kidneys in LN. However, epigenetic and miRNA-mediated regulation are not mutually exclusive. Further research has established a link between miRNA expression and epigenetic regulation in various disorders, including LN. This review summarizes the most recent evidence regarding the interaction between miRNAs and epigenetics in LN and highlights potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangling Li,
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8
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Zachou K, Arvaniti P, Lyberopoulou A, Sevdali E, Speletas M, Ioannou M, Koukoulis GK, Renaudineau Y, Dalekos GN. Altered DNA methylation pattern characterizes the peripheral immune cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int 2022; 42:1355-1368. [PMID: 35108441 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about the impact of DNA methylation modifications on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) pathogenesis and therapeutic response. We investigated the potential alterations of DNA methylation in AIH peripheral lymphocytes at diagnosis and remission. METHODS Ten AIH patients at diagnosis (time-point 1; AIH-tp1), 8/10 following biochemical response (time-point 2; AIH-tp2), 9 primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were investigated. Peripheral CD19(+) and CD4(+) cells were isolated. Global DNA methylation (5m C)/hydroxymethylation (5hm C) was studied by ELISAs. mRNA of DNA methylation (DNMT1/3A/3B) and their counteracting hydroxymethylation enzymes (TET1/2/3) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Epigenome wide association study (EWAS) was performed in CD4(+) cells (Illumina HumanMethylation 850 K array) in AIH and HC. Total 5m C/5hm C was also assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin-embedded liver sections. RESULTS Reduced TET1 and increased DNMT3A mRNA levels characterized CD19(+) and CD4(+)-lymphocytes from AIH-tp1 compared to HC and PBC, respectively, without affecting global DNA 5m C/5hm C. In AIH-tp1, CD4(+) DNMT3A expression was negatively correlated with serum IgG (P = .03). In remission, DNMT3A decreased in both CD19(+) and CD4(+) cells compared to AIH-tp1 (P = .02, P = .03 respectively). EWAS in CD4(+) cells from AIH patients confirmed important modifications in genes implicated in immune responses (HLA-DP, TNF, lnRNAs and CD86). IHC showed increased 5hm C staining of periportal infiltrating lymphocytes in AIH-tp1 compared to HC and PBC. CONCLUSION Altered TET1 and DNMT3A expressions, characterize peripheral lymphocytes in AIH. DNMT3A was associated with disease activity and decreased following remission. Gene DNA methylation modifications affect immunological pathways that may play an important role in AIH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Zachou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Lyberopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George K Koukoulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- INSERN U1291, CNR U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse Institute for infectious and inflammatory diseases, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Purpan University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Adams DE, Shao WH. Epigenetic Alterations in Immune Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030506. [PMID: 35159315 PMCID: PMC8834103 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell activation. Although the exact etiology of SLE remains unknown, genetic, hormonal, and complex environmental factors are known to be critical for pathologic immune activation. In addition to the inherited genetic predisposition, epigenetic processes that do not change the genomic code, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs are increasingly appreciated to play important roles in lupus pathogenesis. We herein focus on the up-to-date findings of lupus-associated epigenetic alterations and their pathophysiology in lupus development. We also summarize the therapeutic potential of the new findings. It is likely that advances in the epigenetic study will help to predict individual disease outcomes, promise diagnostic accuracy, and design new target-directed immunotherapies.
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10
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Huang X, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Lu Q. A Contemporary Update on the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:311-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Ferreté-Bonastre AG, Cortés-Hernández J, Ballestar E. What can we learn from DNA methylation studies in lupus? Clin Immunol 2022; 234:108920. [PMID: 34973429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past twenty years, a wide range of studies have established the existence of epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation changes, in lupus. Epigenetic changes might have different contributions in children-onset versus adult-onset lupus. DNA methylation alterations have been identified and characterized in relation to disease activity and damage, different lupus subtypes and responses to drugs. However, to date there has been no practical application of these findings in the clinical milieu. In this article, we provide a review of key studies showing the relationship between DNA methylation and the many clinical aspects related to lupus. We also propose several options, in relation to the range of methodological developments and experimental design, that could optimize these findings and make them amenable for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, 200241, China.
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12
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Vega-Tapia F, Bustamante M, Valenzuela RA, Urzua CA, Cuitino L. miRNA Landscape in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658514. [PMID: 34041239 PMCID: PMC8141569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, one of the members of the noncoding RNA family, are regulators of gene expression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Changes in miRNA pool expression have been associated with differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward an inflammatory phenotype and with loss of self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a chronic multisystemic pathology, affecting the uvea, inner ear, central nervous system, and skin. Several lines of evidence support an autoimmune etiology for VKH, with loss of tolerance against retinal pigmented epithelium-related self-antigens. This deleterious reaction is characterized by exacerbated inflammation, due to an aberrant TH1 and TH17 polarization and secretion of their proinflammatory hallmark cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α, and an impaired CD4+ CD25high FoxP3+ regulatory T cell function. To restrain inflammation, VKH is pharmacologically treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs as first and second line of therapy, respectively. Changes in the expression of miRNAs related to immunoregulatory pathways have been associated with VKH development, whereas some genetic variants of miRNAs have been found to be risk modifiers of VKH. Furthermore, the drugs commonly used in VKH treatment have great influence on miRNA expression, including those miRNAs associated to VKH disease. This relationship between response to therapy and miRNA regulation suggests that these small noncoding molecules might be therapeutic targets for the development of more effective and specific pharmacological therapy for VKH. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence regarding regulation and alteration of miRNA associated with VKH disease and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Vega-Tapia
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Valenzuela
- Department de Health Science, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile.,Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian A Urzua
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Cuitino
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wu L, Jiang X, Qi C, Zhang C, Qu B, Shen N. EZH2 Inhibition Interferes With the Activation of Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Lupus Nephritis in NZB/NZW F1 Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653989. [PMID: 33868295 PMCID: PMC8044841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase mediating trimethylation of H3K27, which represses gene expression and is critical to immune regulation. Inhibition of EZH2 is proved to have the potential of treating many diseases. However, whether inhibition of EZH2 affects type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway, the abnormality of which is an important pathogenic mechanism for SLE, is still elusive. Here, we report, unexpectedly, a positive regulatory function of EZH2 in IFN-I signaling pathway, which contributes to the overactivation of IFN-I signaling pathway in SLE. We show that the expression of EZH2 was upregulated and positively correlated with the overexpression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal tissues of SLE patients. In vitro inhibition of EZH2 by either siRNAs or chemical inhibitors reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the induction of ISGs stimulated by IFN-I. Additionally, inhibition of EZH2 interfered with the in vivo and ex vivo activation of IFN-I signaling pathway elicited by intravenous injection of adenovirus vector expressing mouse IFN-α5 and exogeneous stimulation with IFN-α, respectively. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of EZH2 inhibitor in NZB/NZW F1 mice which depend on IFN-I signaling pathway for the lupus-like disease development. Administration of EZH2 inhibitor prolonged the survival, reduced the levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and improved lupus nephritis of the mice. What’s more, EZH2 inhibitor attenuated the expression of ISGs in the kidneys of these mice. In summary, we show that excessive EZH2 contributes to the overactivation of IFN-I signaling pathway in SLE. EZH2 inhibitor has the potential to inhibit IFN-I signaling pathway and alleviate lupus nephritis. Additionally, diverse disease driving pathways exist among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient, and even in the same patients. Common regulators of different pathogenic pathways can be multivalent therapeutic targets. Together with previous studies showing EZH2 is involved in T-cell and B-cell mediated immune responses, EZH2 could be a potent multivalent therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojun Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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14
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Vial G, Gensous N, Duffau P. [The CD40-CD40L axis: Current and future implications in clinical immunology]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:722-728. [PMID: 33674076 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway is a backbone of communication between cells of the immune system. It makes it possible to generate a proinflammatory signal and thus participates in the pathogenesis of dysimmune diseases, transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. Because of this therapeutic target of choice, several generations of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies have emerged since the 1990s. The first generation of antibodies was responsible for thromboembolic toxicity for which the mechanisms are starting to be defined. New generations of antibodies were designed to overcome this toxicity and are still being developed in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome or immunologic thrombocytopenia. In addition to these targeted therapies, there are data suggesting the impact of several drugs among molecules used in cardiology and clinical immunology on the level of CD40L. The objective of this review is to recall the clinical issues related to the CD40-CD40L axis and to present current or future treatments that block CD40L which would allow clinicians to diversify their options for managing dysimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vial
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - N Gensous
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Duffau
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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15
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Broen JCA, van Laar JM. Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:167-178. [PMID: 32055040 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of biologic DMARDs into rheumatology has resulted in a substantial reduction of the burden of many rheumatic diseases. In the slipstream of the success achieved with these biologic DMARDs, some conventional immunosuppressive drugs have also found use in new indications. Notably, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus have made their way from solid organ transplantation drugs to become useful assets in rheumatology practice. Mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine inhibit the purine pathway and subsequently diminish cell proliferation. Both drugs have a pivotal role in the treatment of various rheumatic diseases, including lupus nephritis. Tacrolimus inhibits lymphocyte activation by inhibiting the calcineurin pathway. Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus are, among other indications, increasingly being recognized as useful drugs in the treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic rheumatic diseases and skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. A broad array of trials with mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and/or tacrolimus are ongoing within the field of rheumatology that might provide further novel avenues for the use of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss the historical perspective, pharmacodynamics, clinical indications and novel avenues for mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus in rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper C A Broen
- Regional Rheumatology Center, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven and Veldhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob M van Laar
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Hurtado C, Acevedo Sáenz LY, Vásquez Trespalacios EM, Urrego R, Jenks S, Sanz I, Vásquez G. DNA methylation changes on immune cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:114-121. [PMID: 32019373 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1722108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation as a process that regulates gene expression is crucial in immune cells biology. Global and gene specific methylation changes have been described in autoimmunity, especially in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. These changes not only contribute to the understanding of the disease, but also some have been proposed as diagnostic or disease activity biomarkers. The present review compiles the most recent discoveries on this field on each type of immune cells, including specific changes in signalling pathways, genes of interest and its possible applications on diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Hurtado
- School of Graduate Studies and School of Medicine, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Urrego
- Group INCA-CES, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Scott Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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17
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Hofmann SR, Mäbert K, Kapplusch F, Russ S, Northey S, Beresford MW, Tsokos GC, Hedrich CM. cAMP Response Element Modulator α Induces Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 to Promote Effector T Cells in Juvenile-Onset Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2807-2816. [PMID: 31653682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effector CD4+ T cells with increased IL-17A and reduced IL-2 production contribute to tissue inflammation and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased expression of the transcription factor cAMP response element modulator (CREM) α promotes altered cytokine expression in SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate CREMα-mediated events favoring effector CD4+ T cells in health and disease. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and lentiviral transduction, we generated CREMα-deficient and CREMα-overexpressing Jurkat T cells. Gene expression and regulatory events were assessed using luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Interaction between CREMα and p300 was investigated using proximity ligation assays, coimmunoprecipitation, and knockdown of p300. Gene expression profiles of modified cells were compared with CD4+ T cells from patients with juvenile-onset SLE. We show that CREMα induces dual specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP) 4 in effector CD4+ T cells through corecruitment of p300. The transcriptional coactivator p300 mediates histone acetylation at DUSP4, prompting increased gene expression. Using DUSP4 transfection models and genetically modified CREM-deficient and CREMα-overexpressing T cells, we demonstrate the molecular underpinnings by which DUSP4 induces IL-17A while limiting IL-2 expression. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cells from patients with juvenile-onset SLE share phenotypical features with CREMα-overexpressing CD4+ T cells, including increased DUSP4 expression and imbalanced IL-17A and IL-2 production. Taken together, we describe CREMα-mediated mechanisms that involve the transcriptional upregulation of DUSP4, leading to imbalanced cytokine production by effector T cells. Our findings identify the CREMα/DUSP4 axis as a promising candidate in the search for biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun R Hofmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, D01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Mäbert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, D01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Kapplusch
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Russ
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, D01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Northey
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom; and
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, D01307 Dresden, Germany; .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom; and
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18
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19
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Slight-Webb S, Guthridge JM, Chakravarty EF, Chen H, Lu R, Macwana S, Bean K, Maecker HT, Utz PJ, James JA. Mycophenolate mofetil reduces STAT3 phosphorylation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124575. [PMID: 30674728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly variable autoimmune disease that can involve severe organ-threatening symptoms, such as lupus nephritis. Certain drugs, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), are effective at reducing morbidity associated with nephritis; however, the immune pathways associated with disease suppression are poorly defined. Here, we provide evidence that MMF inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 and other associated immune pathways. Using mass cytometry and bead-based or ELISA assays, the systemic phenotype of SLE patients not taking (MMF-) or taking (MMF+) MMF were studied. MMF+ SLE patients had significant reductions in total numbers of transitional B cells, plasmablasts, and T cells, specifically CD4+ Th17-type and CD4+ Treg-type cells, compared with MMF- patients. Plasma soluble mediators were decreased in MMF+ patients including chemokines (MIG/CXCL9 and SDF-1α/CXCL12) and growth factors (VEGF-A and PDGF-BB). Soluble mediators and cell subsets grouped by functional properties revealed significant modifications associated with STAT3 and B cell pathways. Further, healthy PBMCs treated with IL-6 revealed a reduction in p-STAT3 following the addition of mycophenolic acid (the active metabolite of MMF). In conclusion, the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by MMF may explain the effectiveness of this treatment in SLE patients, since increased levels of p-STAT3 are associated with disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slight-Webb
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eliza F Chakravarty
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rufei Lu
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Krista Bean
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Paul J Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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20
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Gatto M, Zen M, Iaccarino L, Doria A. New therapeutic strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus management. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 15:30-48. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Patel G, Biswas K, Patil MD, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Bioreactor studies of production of mycophenolic acid by Penicillium brevicompactum. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Hedrich CM. Mechanistic aspects of epigenetic dysregulation in SLE. Clin Immunol 2018; 196:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune/inflammatory condition of unknown pathophysiology. Though genetic predisposition is essential for disease expression, risk alleles in single genes are usually insufficient to confer disease. Epigenetic dysregulation has been suggested as the missing link between genetic risk and the development of clinically evident disease. Recent Findings Over the past decade, epigenetic events moved into the focus of research targeting the molecular pathophysiology of SLE. Epigenetic alteration can be the net result of preceding infections, medication, diet, and/or other environmental influences. While altered DNA methylation and histone modifications had already been established as pathomechanisms, DNA hydroxymethylation was more recently identified as an activating epigenetic mark. Summary Defective epigenetic control contributes to uncontrolled cytokine and co-receptor expression, resulting in immune activation and tissue damage in SLE. Epigenetic alterations promise potential as disease biomarkers and/or future therapeutic targets in SLE and other autoimmune/inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Michael Hedrich
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Women᾿s & Children᾿s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children᾿s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, East Prescott Road, Liverpool, L14 5AB, UK.
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24
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Lai NS, Yu HC, Huang KY, Tung CH, Huang HB, Lu MC. Decreased T cell expression of H/ACA box small nucleolar RNA 12 promotes lupus pathogenesis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 27:1499-1508. [PMID: 29848166 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318778362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Methods Expression profiles of RNA transcripts in T cells from three patients with SLE and three controls were analyzed by microarray analysis. Potentially aberrant-expressed ncRNAs were validated using T cell samples from 23 patients with SLE and 17 controls. Transfection studies and microarray analyses were conducted to search for any gene expression that is regulated by specific ncRNAs. Results Initial analysis revealed differential expression of 18 ncRNAs in SLE T cells. After validation, decreased expression of H/ACA box small nucleolar RNA 12 (SNORA12) was confirmed in SLE T cells (0.69-fold, P = 0.007) compared with normal T cells, and its expression level was inversely associated with higher SLE disease activity scores. Jurkat cells transfected with a plasmid encoding SNORA12 showed increased expression of two genes and decreased expression of 15 genes in Jurkat cells. These changes of gene expression were significantly associated with the SLE pathway in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes map using microarray analysis. Overexpression of SNORA12 altered the expression of CD69, decreased the expression of histone cluster 1 H4 family member k (HIST1H4K), inhibited the secretion of interferon gamma and the expression of HIST1H4K was increased in SLE T cells. Conclusion Among the ncRNAs, we found that the expression level of SNORA12, which belongs to the family of small nucleolar RNAs, was lower in SLE T cells and affected T cell function. This novel finding suggests that aberrant-expressed snoRNAs lead to dysfunction of T cells and may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-S Lai
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - H-C Yu
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - K-Y Huang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - C-H Tung
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - H-B Huang
- 3 Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - M-C Lu
- 1 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,2 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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25
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Kim Y, Shim SC. Wolves Trapped in the NETs–The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2018.25.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Veterans Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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26
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Rose T, Dörner T. Drivers of the immunopathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:321-333. [PMID: 29224674 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises a number of current insights into the pathogenesis of SLE. On the basis of the interaction of environmental factors within a predisposed host, a chronic autoimmune process gains function with a positive feed-forward loop between innate and adaptive immunity. A current focus of SLE pathogenesis is on the enhanced production of certain cytokines, such as type I interferons and BLyS/BAFF, suggesting continuous plasmacytoid dendritic and myeloid cell activity together with disturbances of B lineage cells (increased autoantibodies, including anti-dsDNA and plasmablasts, which correlate with SLE activity and memory B-cell abnormalities). Recent studies provided evidence that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells are hyporesponsive in SLE, likely reflecting their 'post-activation status'. Data of enhanced protein tyrosine phosphatase activity of lymphocytes in SLE require consideration if they represent a disease characteristic. Better understanding of the chronic autoimmune phase is needed in addition to those phases during flares and will permit improved treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rose
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin D-10117, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin-Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin D-10117, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin-Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Wang Z, Chang C, Peng M, Lu Q. Translating epigenetics into clinic: focus on lupus. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:78. [PMID: 28785369 PMCID: PMC5541721 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic relapsing–remitting autoimmune disease with highly heterogeneous phenotypes. Biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are useful for early diagnosis as well as monitoring disease activity and long-term complications. Epigenetics potentially provide novel biomarkers in autoimmune diseases. These may include DNA methylation changes in relevant lupus-prone genes or histone modifications and microRNAs to upregulate and downregulate relevant gene expression. The timing and nature of epigenetic modification provide such changes. In lupus, DNA methylation alterations in cytokine genes, such as IFN-related gene and retrovirus gene, have been found to offer biomarkers for lupus diagnosis. Histone modifications such as histone methylation and acetylation lead to transcriptional alterations of several genes such as PTPN22, LRP1B, and TNFSF70. There are varieties of microRNAs applied as lupus biomarkers, including DNMT1-related microRNAs, renal function-associated microRNAs, microRNAs involved in the immune system, and microRNAs for phenotype classification. Thus, we conclude a wide range of promising roles of epigenetic biomarkers aiding in the diagnosing and monitoring of lupus diseases and the risk of organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Mou Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
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28
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Tsokos GC, Lo MS, Costa Reis P, Sullivan KE. New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 12:716-730. [PMID: 27872476 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and includes contributions from the environment, stochastic factors, and genetic susceptibility. Great gains have been made in understanding SLE through the use of genetic variant identification, mouse models, gene expression studies, and epigenetic analyses. Collectively, these studies support the concept that defective clearance of immune complexes and biological waste (such as apoptotic cells), neutrophil extracellular traps, nucleic acid sensing, lymphocyte signalling, and interferon production pathways are all central to loss of tolerance and tissue damage. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE is driving a renewed interest in targeted therapy, and researchers are now on the verge of developing targeted immunotherapy directed at treating either specific organ system involvement or specific subsets of patients with SLE. Accordingly, this Review places these insights within the context of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and highlights pathways that are ripe for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mindy S Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Costa Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Santa Maria Hospital, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Hedrich CM, Mäbert K, Rauen T, Tsokos GC. DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Epigenomics 2017; 9:505-525. [PMID: 27885845 PMCID: PMC6040049 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease facilitated by aberrant immune responses directed against cells and tissues, resulting in inflammation and organ damage. In the majority of patients, genetic predisposition is accompanied by additional factors conferring disease expression. While the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive, epigenetic alterations in immune cells have been demonstrated to play a key role in disease pathogenesis through the dysregulation of gene expression. Since epigenetic marks are dynamic, allowing cells and tissues to differentiate and adjust, they can be influenced by environmental factors and also be targeted in therapeutic interventions. Here, we summarize reports on DNA methylation patterns in SLE, underlying molecular defects and their effect on immune cell function. We discuss the potential of DNA methylation as biomarker or therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hedrich
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Mäbert
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Department of Nephrology & Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tauber PA, Pickl WF. Pharmacological targeting of allergen-specific T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:27-39. [PMID: 28322861 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are the result of a complex pathophysiology, involving major cellular lineages and a multitude of humoral factors of the innate and adaptive immune system, and have the tendency to involve multiple organs. Consequently, even standard pharmacological treatment of allergies is rarely specific but usually targets more than one pathway/cellular system at a time. Accordingly, many of the classic anti-allergic drugs have a critical impact also on T helper cells, which are pivotal not only during the sensitization but also the maintenance phase of allergic diseases. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase of novel drugs with the potency to interfere, more or less specifically, with T lymphocyte function, which might, possibly together with classic anti-allergic drugs, help harnessing one of the central cellular players in allergic responses. A major theme in the years to come will be a thoughtful combination of previously established with recently developed treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Tauber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Chen SH, Lv QL, Hu L, Peng MJ, Wang GH, Sun B. DNA methylation alterations in the pathogenesis of lupus. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:185-192. [PMID: 27690369 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lupus is, by definition, associated with genetic and immunological factors, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The up-to-date research findings point out that various genetic and epigenetic factors, especially gene-specific and site-specific methylation, are believed to contribute to the initiation and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review presents and summarizes the association between abnormal DNA methylation of immune-related cells and lupus-like diseases, as well as the possible mechanisms of immune disorder caused by DNA methylation, aiming at a better understanding of the roles of aberrant DNA methylation in the initiation and development of certain forms of lupus and providing a new insight into promising therapeutic regimens in lupus-like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Q L Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - L Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M J Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - G H Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - B Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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32
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Zhan Y, Guo Y, Lu Q. Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Implication in Precision Medicine. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 149:141-155. [PMID: 27607472 DOI: 10.1159/000448793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the last decades in understanding the complex immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the efforts to pursue an effective treatment of SLE proved to be futile. The pathoetiology of SLE involves extremely complicated and multifactorial interaction among various genetic and epigenetic factors. Multiple gene loci predispose to disease susceptibility, and the interaction with epigenetic modifications mediated through sex, hormones, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis complicates susceptibility and manifestations of this disease. Finally, certain environmental and psychological factors probably trigger the disease via epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent epigenetic studies of SLE and suggest a personalized approach to the dissection of disease onset and therapy or precision medicine. We speculate that in the future, precision medicine based on epigenetic and genetic information could help guide more effective targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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Zhao M, Wang J, Liao W, Li D, Li M, Wu H, Zhang Y, Gershwin ME, Lu Q. Increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CD4 + T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Khan N, Lenz C, Binder L, Pantakani DVK, Asif AR. Active and Repressive Chromatin-Associated Proteome after MPA Treatment and the Role of Midkine in Epithelial Monolayer Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E597. [PMID: 27104530 PMCID: PMC4849051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is prescribed to maintain allografts in organ-transplanted patients. However, gastrointestinal (GI) complications, particularly diarrhea, are frequently observed as a side effect following MPA therapy. We recently reported that MPA altered the tight junction (TJ)-mediated barrier function in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model system. This study investigates whether MPA induces epigenetic changes which lead to GI complications, especially diarrhea. METHODS We employed a Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-O-Proteomics (ChIP-O-Proteomics) approach to identify proteins associated with active (H3K4me3) as well as repressive (H3K27me3) chromatin histone modifications in MPA-treated cells, and further characterized the role of midkine, a H3K4me3-associated protein, in the context of epithelial monolayer permeability. RESULTS We identified a total of 333 and 306 proteins associated with active and repressive histone modification marks, respectively. Among them, 241 proteins were common both in active and repressive chromatin, 92 proteins were associated exclusively with the active histone modification mark, while 65 proteins remained specific to repressive chromatin. Our results show that 45 proteins which bind to the active and seven proteins which bind to the repressive chromatin region exhibited significantly altered abundance in MPA-treated cells as compared to DMSO control cells. A number of novel proteins whose function is not known in bowel barrier regulation were among the identified proteins, including midkine. Our functional integrity assays on the Caco-2 cell monolayer showed that the inhibition of midkine expression prior to MPA treatment could completely block the MPA-mediated increase in barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS The ChIP-O-Proteomics approach delivered a number of novel proteins with potential implications in MPA toxicity. Consequently, it can be proposed that midkine inhibition could be a potent therapeutic approach to prevent the MPA-mediated increase in TJ permeability and leak flux diarrhea in organ transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Khan
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lutz Binder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Abdul R Asif
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Yee J. PGX: Pharmacogenomics During Generation X. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2016; 23:57-60. [PMID: 26979142 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Yee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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36
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Khan N, Pantakani DVK, Binder L, Qasim M, Asif AR. Immunosuppressant MPA Modulates Tight Junction through Epigenetic Activation of MLCK/MLC-2 Pathway via p38MAPK. Front Physiol 2015; 6:381. [PMID: 26733876 PMCID: PMC4687409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an important immunosuppressive drug (ISD) prescribed to prevent graft rejection in the organ transplanted patients, however, its use is also associated with adverse side effects like sporadic gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Recently, we reported the MPA induced tight junctions (TJs) deregulation which involves MLCK/MLC-2 pathway. Here, we investigated the global histone acetylation as well as gene-specific chromatin signature of several genes associated with TJs regulation in Caco-2 cells after MPA treatment. RESULTS The epigenetic analysis shows that MPA treatment increases the global histone acetylation levels as well as the enrichment for transcriptional active histone modification mark (H3K4me3) at promoter regions of p38MAPK, ATF-2, MLCK, and MLC-2. In contrast, the promoter region of occludin was enriched for transcriptional repressive histone modification mark (H3K27me3) after MPA treatment. In line with the chromatin status, MPA treatment increased the expression of p38MAPK, ATF-2, MLCK, and MLC-2 both at transcriptional and translational level, while occludin expression was negatively influenced. Interestingly, the MPA induced gene expression changes and functional properties of Caco-2 cells could be blocked by the inhibition of p38MAPK using a chemical inhibitor (SB203580). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results highlight that MPA disrupts the structure of TJs via p38MAPK-dependent activation of MLCK/MLC-2 pathway that results in decreased integrity of Caco-2 monolayer. These results led us to suggest that p38MAPK-mediated lose integrity of epithelial monolayer could be the possible cause of GI disturbance (barrier dysfunction) in the intestine, leading to leaky style diarrhea observed in the organ-transplanted patients treated with MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Khan
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical CentreGoettingen, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat, Pakistan
| | - D V Krishna Pantakani
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Binder
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical CentreGoettingen, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Proteomics Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
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37
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Xiao G, Zuo X. Epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed Rep 2015; 4:135-139. [PMID: 26893827 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, with mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Previous studies have proposed that genes and environments are required for lupus to develop and flare. It has been found that epigenetics have a significant influence on SLE. The present review will concentrate on epigenetics in SLE. There are a number of studies reporting that autoreactive T cells and B cells in patients with SLE have evidence of altered patterns of DNA methylation, modifications of histones and microRNA (miRNA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are another type of noncoding RNAs, which have an important role in epigenetics. lncRNAs may possibly become a new hotspot in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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