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Erratum: Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1125497. [PMID: 36761160 PMCID: PMC9903213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1125497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article .].
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Freeborn RA, Strubbe S, Roncarolo MG. Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032575. [PMID: 36389662 PMCID: PMC9650496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, in addition to other regulatory cells, contribute to immunological tolerance to prevent autoimmunity and excessive inflammation. Tr1 cells arise in the periphery upon antigen stimulation in the presence of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and secrete large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The protective role of Tr1 cells in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel disease has been well established, and this led to the exploration of this population as a potential cell therapy. On the other hand, the role of Tr1 cells in infectious disease is not well characterized, thus raising concern that these tolerogenic cells may cause general immune suppression which would prevent pathogen clearance. In this review, we summarize current literature surrounding Tr1-mediated tolerance and its role in health and disease settings including autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Freeborn
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven Strubbe
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Alteration of interleukin-10-producing Type 1 regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:218-224. [PMID: 35787550 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights findings describing the role of interleukin (IL)-10-producing Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in controlling autoimmune diseases and possible approaches to restore their function and number. RECENT FINDINGS Reduced frequency and/or function of cell subsets playing a role in Tr1 cell induction (e.g., DC-10 and Bregs), was found in patients with autoimmunity and may impact on Tr1 cell frequency. SUMMARY IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with fundamental anti-inflammatory functions acting as negative regulator of immune responses. IL-10 is critically involved in the induction and functions of Tr1 cells, a subset of memory CD4+ T cells induced in the periphery to suppress immune responses to a variety of antigens (Ags), including self-, allogeneic, and dietary Ags. Alterations in IL-10-related pathways and/or in the frequency and activities of Tr1 cells have been associated to several autoimmune diseases. We will give an overview of the alterations of IL-10 and IL-10-producing Tr1 cells in Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, and Celiac Disease, in which similarities in the role of these tolerogenic mechanisms are present. Current and future approaches to overcome Tr1 cell defects and restore tolerance in these diseases will also be discussed.
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CCL21 and beta-cell antigen releasing hydrogels as tolerance-inducing therapy in Type I diabetes. J Control Release 2022; 348:499-517. [PMID: 35691500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type-I Diabetes (T1D) is caused by defective immunotolerance mechanisms enabling autoreactive T cells to escape regulation in lymphoid organs and destroy insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin dependence. Strategies to promote β-cell tolerance could arrest T1D. We previously showed that secretion of secondary lymphoid chemokine CCL21 by CCL21 transgenic β-cells induced tolerance and protected non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from T1D. T1D protection was associated with formation of lymph node-like stromal networks containing tolerogenic fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Here, we developed a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel platform with hydrolytically degradable PEG-diester dithiol crosslinkers to provide controlled and sustained delivery of CCL21 and β-cell antigens for at least 28 days in vitro and recapitulate properties associated with the tolerogenic environment of CCL21 transgenic β-cells in our previous studies. CCL21 and MHC-II restricted antigens were tethered to gels via simple click-chemistry while MHC-I restricted antigens were loaded in PEG-based polymeric nanovesicles and incorporated in the gel networks. CCL21 and antigen release kinetics depended on the PEG gel tethering strategy and the linkers. Importantly, in vitro functionality, chemotaxis, and activation of antigen-specific T cells were preserved. Implantation of CCL21 and β-cell antigen gels under the kidney capsule of pre-diabetic NOD mice led to enrichment of adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells, formation of gp38 + FRC-like stromal cell networks, and increased regulation of specific T cells with reduced accumulation within pancreatic islets. Thus, our platform for sustained release of β-cell antigens and CCL21 immunomodulatory molecule could enable the development of antigen-specific tolerance therapies for T1D.
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Mitchell AM, Michels AW. Self-Antigens Targeted by Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3155. [PMID: 35328581 PMCID: PMC8954990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While progress has been made toward understanding mechanisms that lead to the development of autoimmunity, there is less knowledge regarding protective mechanisms from developing such diseases. For example, in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the immune-mediated form of diabetes, the role of pathogenic T cells in the destruction of pancreatic islets is well characterized, but immune-mediated mechanisms that contribute to T1D protection have not been fully elucidated. One potential protective mechanism includes the suppression of immune responses by regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) that recognize self-peptides from islets presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. In this review, we summarize what is known about the antigenic self-peptides recognized by Tregs in the context of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron W. Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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Yang Y, Santamaria P. Antigen-specific nanomedicines for the treatment of autoimmune disease: target cell types, mechanisms and outcomes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 74:285-292. [PMID: 35007990 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery of autoantigenic ligands represents a promising approach to modulate autoimmune responses in vivo. Over the last 15 years, a growing number of compounds have been tested in animal models of various experimental and/or spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Based on the underlying design principles and mechanistic underpinnings, these compounds can be categorized into three broad groups: NPs (or microparticles, MPs) as vehicles for targeted delivery of antigens to tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs); NPs as scaffolds for targeted delivery of both antigen and immunomodulatory molecules to professional APCs; and NPs as multimerization platforms for direct cognate T-cell targeting via recombinant peptide-major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCs). These various compounds operate through different mechanisms of action, eliciting pharmacodynamic effects that range from antigen-specific clonal deletion to induction of comprehensive, yet disease-specific, bystander immunoregulation. Here, we review the outcomes of the various approaches tested to date and discuss their translational significance in the context of mode of action vis-à-vis immunologically complex human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada; Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Ding JT, Yang KP, Lin KL, Cao YK, Zou F. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of immune checkpoint molecules and regulators in type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1090842. [PMID: 36704045 PMCID: PMC9871554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considered a significant risk to health and survival, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an absolute deficiency of insulin, which is mainly due to the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. SCOPE OF REVIEW In recent years, the role of immune checkpoints in the treatment of cancer has been increasingly recognized, but unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the significant role they play both in the development of secondary diabetes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the treatment of T1D, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene-3(LAG-3), programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1), and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein-3(TIM-3). Here, this review summarizes recent research on the role and mechanisms of diverse immune checkpoint molecules in mediating the development of T1D and their potential and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint inhibitors related diabetes, similar to T1D, are severe endocrine toxicity induced with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Interestingly, numerous treatment measures show excellent efficacy for T1D via regulating diverse immune checkpoint molecules, including co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules. Thus, targeting immune checkpoint molecules may exhibit potential for T1D treatment and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang-Ping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kong-Lan Lin
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Ke Cao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Zou,
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Ben-Skowronek I, Sieniawska J, Pach E, Wrobel W, Skowronek A, Tomczyk Z, Rosolowska I. Potential Therapeutic Application of Regulatory T Cells in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010390. [PMID: 35008819 PMCID: PMC8745590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune reaction against the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients is active in prediabetes and during the development of the clinical manifestation of T1DM, but it decreases within a few years of the clinical manifestation of this disease. A key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM is played by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency or dysfunction. Immune interventions, such as potential therapeutic applications or the induction of the Treg-cell population in T1DM, will be important in the development of new types of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate innovative immune interventions as treatments for T1DM. After an evaluation of full-length papers from the PubMed database from 2010 to 2021, 20 trials were included for the final analysis. The analysis led to the following conclusions: Treg cells play an important role in the limitation of the development of T1DM, the activation or application of Tregs may be more effective in the early stages of T1DM development, and the therapeutic use of Treg cells in T1DM is promising but requires long-term observation in a large group of patients.
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Chujo D, Kawabe A, Matsushita M, Tsutsumi C, Haseda F, Imagawa A, Hanafusa T, Ueki K, Kajio H, Yagi K, Tobe K, Shimoda M. Fulminant type 1 diabetes patients display high frequencies of IGRP-specific type 1 CD8 + T cells. Clin Immunol 2021; 233:108893. [PMID: 34808330 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of cellular autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed an integrated assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine the islet antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in FT1D and compare the responses among acute-onset T1D (AT1D) and slowly progressive T1D (SP1D). IGRP- and ZnT8-specific IL-6, G-CSF, and TNF-α responses were significantly upregulated in patients with FT1D, while IGRP- and ZnT8-specific IP-10 responses were significantly upregulated in patients with AT1D than in non-diabetics (ND). Furthermore, the frequencies of IGRP-specific type 1 CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells were significantly higher in the FT1D group than in the ND, SP1D, and AT1D groups. Additionally, IGRP-specific Tc1 cells were more abundant in the FT1D with HLA-A2 group than in the FT1D without A2 group. In conclusion, our study suggests that IGRP-specific CD8+ T cells significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of FT1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chujo
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan; Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Akitsu Kawabe
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maya Matsushita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsutsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Haseda
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Akihisa Imagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hanafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan; Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Chujo D, Kurokawa T, Kawabe A, Takahashi N, Inagaki F, Shinohara K, Hagiwara S, Edamoto Y, Ohmagari N, Hinoshita F, Tajima T, Kajio H, Ohtsu H, Takemura N, Matsumoto S, Shimoda M. Allogeneic islet transplantation with monitoring of islet-specific cellular autoimmunity in a Japanese patient with type 1 diabetes: a case report. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:741-745. [PMID: 34792297 PMCID: PMC9017629 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a case of allogeneic islet transplantation in Japan. A 48-year-old man received intraportal islet transplantation (5,945 islet equivalent/kg), and stabilization of blood glucose levels and suppression of hypoglycemia were achieved. In this case, we used our original assessment method to detect the responses of the recipient's T cells to islet autoantigens over time to monitor cellular autoimmunity. Other markers could not predict graft dysfunction in advance, but our method detected the activation of islet antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses before the deterioration of pancreatic beta cell function, indicating the possibility of the non-invasive detection of pancreatic beta cell damage due to recurrent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chujo
- Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Akitsu Kawabe
- Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koya Shinohara
- Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Tajima
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Pancreatic Islet Transplantation Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nodehi M, Ajami A, Izad M, Asgarian Omran H, Esfahanian F, Yekaninejad S, Hemmatabadi M, Amouzegar A, Chahardoli R, Mansouri F, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. The Frequency of CD4 + T Cells in Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 19:e110013. [PMID: 35069748 PMCID: PMC8762522 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease, and there is no definitive treatment available for this disease. To find the appropriate therapeutic approach, it is necessary to determine the mechanism of this disease. To achieve this purpose, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was evaluated in patients with HT and compared with healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty-six female patients with HT, aged 20 - 45 years, enrolled in this study. Based on the level of thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) in serum of patients with HT, they were divided into two groups. The serum level of anti-TPO was above 100 IU/mL in the group 1 (n = 13), whereas the serum levels of both anti-TPO and anti-TG were above 100 IU/mL in the group 2 (n = 13). Eleven healthy women were considered control group, or group 3. Using flow cytometry, the frequency of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, T regulatory type 1 (Tr1), and LT CD4+IL-4+IL-17+ cells and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of their related cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of Th2 cells in the groups 1 (anti-TPO > 100) and 2 (anti-TPO > 100 and anti-TG > 100) were more than control group. Only the difference between groups 3 (healthy control) and 2 was significant (P = 0.022). The frequency of LT CD4+IL-4+IL-17+ cells in the group 1 was significantly more than group 3 (P = 0.027); However, the difference between group 2 and 3 was not significant (P = 0.126). The expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the group 2 (P = 0.001) and group 1 (P = 0.001) was significantly higher than group 3. The frequency of Th17, Th1, and Tr1 cells and MFI of IL-17 and IL-10 were not significantly different between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, no significant differences were observed in the frequency of Th17 and Tr1 cells and in MFI of IL-17 and IL-10 in comparison to healthy individuals. Therefore, trying to make a change in the population of these cells probably does not have a significant therapeutic effect. Since Th2 cells and the expression of IFN-γ increased in women with HT, reducing the frequency of Th2 cells or the expression of IFN-γ may be effective in controlling the disease progression. It may be helpful for these patients to prevent the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Nodehi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Ajami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfahanian
- Department of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Hemmatabadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Chahardoli
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan L, Wang J, Liu J, Guo L, Yang S. Deficiency in the frequency and function of Tr1 cells in IgAV and the possible role of IL-27. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3432-3442. [PMID: 33280050 PMCID: PMC8516516 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous immune-mediated diseases. However, little is known about whether and how Tr1 cells affect the development of IgA vasculitis (IgAV). We aimed to investigate this question in IgAV patients. Methods . Tr1 cells in peripheral blood and kidney tissue of IgAV patients were analysed by multi-parametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques. An in vitro assay of suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine release was performed to evaluate the function of Tr1 cells. Real-time PCR and cell stimulation in vitro were used to explore the roles of IL-27 and early growth response gene 2 (EGR2). Results The frequency of Tr1 cells was decreased in peripheral blood but increased in kidney tissue from IgAV patients. A defective suppressive function of Tr1 cells in IgAV was observed. The frequency of Tr1 cells and the cytokines secreted by them were up-regulated in the presence of recombinant IL-27 in vitro. Moreover, IL-27 also increased the expression of EGR2. Furthermore, lower frequency of Tr1 cells during remission had a higher recurrence rate. Conclusion Tr1 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IgAV. The low IL-27 in IgAV is responsible for impaired frequency and function of Tr1 cells, and EGR2 may be the specific transcription factor involved in the progression. Tr1 may be a risk factor for IgAV recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lishuang Guo
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sirui Yang
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Allergy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chujo D, Kawabe A, Matsushita M, Takahashi N, Tsutsumi C, Haseda F, Imagawa A, Hanafusa T, Ueki K, Kajio H, Yagi K, Tobe K, Shimoda M. Distinct Phenotypes of Islet Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Among the 3 Subtypes of Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5870364. [PMID: 32652026 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified into 3 subtypes: acute-onset (AT1D), slowly progressive (SP1D), and fulminant (FT1D). The differences in the type of cellular autoimmunity within each subtype remain largely undetermined. OBJECTIVE To determine the type and frequency of islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in each subtype of T1D. PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients with AT1D, 17 with SP1D, 18 with FT1D, and 17 persons without diabetes (ND). METHODS We performed an integrated assay to determine cellular immune responses and T-cell repertoires specific for islet antigens. This assay included an ex vivo assay involving a 48-hour stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigen peptides and an expansion assay involving intracytoplasmic cytokine analysis. RESULTS The results of the ex vivo assay indicated that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)-specific interleukin-6 and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) responses and preproinsulin (PPI)-specific IP-10 responses were significantly upregulated in AT1D compared with those of ND. Furthermore, GAD65- and PPI-specific granulocyte colony-stimulating factor responses were significantly upregulated in FT1D. Expansion assay revealed that GAD65- and PPI-specific CD4+ T cells were skewed toward a type 1 helper T (Th1)- cell phenotype in AT1D, whereas GAD65-specific Th2 cells were prevalent in SP1D. GAD65-specific Th1 cells were more abundant in SP1D with human leukocyte antigen-DR9 than in SP1D without DR9. FT1D displayed significantly less type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells specific for all 4 antigens than ND. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypes of islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cells differed among the three T1D subtypes. These distinct T-cell phenotypes may be associated with the manner of progressive β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chujo
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitsu Kawabe
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maya Matsushita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsutsumi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Haseda
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Akihisa Imagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hanafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
- Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Islet Cell Transplantation Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yue T, Sun F, Yang C, Wang F, Luo J, Yang P, Xiong F, Zhang S, Yu Q, Wang CY. The AHR Signaling Attenuates Autoimmune Responses During the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1510. [PMID: 32849515 PMCID: PMC7426364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor widely expressed in immune cells. Its ligands range from xenobiotics and natural substances to metabolites, which renders it capable of sensing and responding to a variety of environmental cues. Although AHR signaling has long been recognized to be implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), its effect on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains less understood. In this review, we intend to summarize its potential implication in T1D pathogenesis and to sort out the related regulatory mechanisms in different types of immune cells. Emerging evidence supports that β cell destruction caused by autoimmune responses can be rectified by AHR signaling. Upon activation by its ligands, AHR not only modulates the development and functionality of immune cells, but also suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines, through which AHR attenuates autoimmune responses during the course of T1D development. Since AHR-initiated biological effects vary between different types of ligands, additional studies would be necessary to characterize or de novo synthesize effective and safe ligands aimed to replenish our arsenal in fighting autoimmune responses and β mass loss in a T1D setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yue
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunliang Yang
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxi Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Luo
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital Research Building, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Maruyama K, Chujo D, Watanabe K, Kawabe A, Sugiyama T, Ohsugi M, Tanabe A, Ueki K, Kajio H. Evaluation of cellular and humoral autoimmunity before the development of type 1 diabetes in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1108-1111. [PMID: 30588765 PMCID: PMC6626996 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 64-year-old woman developed type 1 diabetes 23 years after the diagnosis of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. To investigate the etiological interaction between idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and type 1 diabetes, we carried out a longitudinal analysis related to islet-specific autoimmunity. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody had been already weakly positive for at least 16 years and started rising at 6 months before the onset of type 1 diabetes. The seroconversion of anti-insulinoma-associated antigen-2 antibody and insulin autoantibody occurred at the time of onset. The ratio of CD8/CD4 had been gradually increasing for 8 years before type 1 diabetes onset. Notably, islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected at type 1 diabetes onset, and the frequency was higher than that in 15 non-diabetic controls (6.75% vs 0.49 ± 0.78%, mean ± SD). The present type 1 diabetes patient, presented with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia and showed an elevated number of CD8+ T cells, including the islet antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that might contribute to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Maruyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokyoJapan
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16
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Paul M, Dayal D, Bhansali A, Sachdeva N. Characterization of proinsulin-specific regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes at different ages of onset. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:271-281. [PMID: 30635950 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens. Defects in the frequency and function of polyclonal Tregs have been reported in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, characteristics of proinsulin (PI)-specific Tregs in human T1D have not yet been explored. Therefore, we aimed to characterize PI-specific Tregs in two distinct pathophysiological subtypes of T1D, juvenile-onset T1D (JOT1D) and adult-onset T1D (AOT1D), distinguished by the age of onset. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the recruited subjects were stimulated in vitro with PI-derived peptides. PI-specific Tregs were characterized by flow cytometry using the combination of markers CD25, CD137, FOXP3 and CD45RA. RESULTS Firstly, we observed similar frequencies of polyclonal Tregs in the T1D (n = 25) and healthy control (HC) (n = 20) subjects (P = 0.96), with a positive correlation between age and frequency of polyclonal Tregs (r = +0.35, P = 0.04). While the frequency of polyclonal Tregs was higher in AOT1D group (P = 0.02), both JOT1D (n = 14) and AOT1D groups (n = 11) had a comparable frequency of PI-specific Tregs in their peripheral blood. The frequency of PI-specific memory Tregs was significantly high in both the JOT1D (P = 0.02) and AOT1D (P = 0.009) groups compared to their respective HC groups (n = 10). Finally, we observed no significant difference in the expression of FOXP3 and IL-2 receptor in PI-specific Tregs in all the groups. CONCLUSIONS Unlike polyclonal Tregs, both T1D subtypes harbor comparable frequencies of PI-specific Tregs. Chronic antigen presentation results in a distinct memory-like phenotype of PI-specific Tregs in these subjects irrespective of the age of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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17
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Jia X, Zhai T, Wang B, Yao Q, Li Q, Mu K, Zhang JA. Decreased number and impaired function of type 1 regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12442-12450. [PMID: 30666652 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cell is a special type of T regulatory cells with surface molecular markers such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and CD49b. A key property of Tr1 cells is the capability to produce high-level interleukin 10 (IL-10) upon activation, in a FOXP3-independent manner. The immunosuppressive function of IL-10 producing Tr1 cells has been extensively studied for many years. Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are conditions in which the immune system breaks down and starts to attack the body. AIDs include inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus, Greaves' disease, and so forth. In recent years, more and more studies have documented that the number of Tr1 cells is decreased and the function is inhibited in a variety of AIDs, among which MS is the most widely studied. The protocol for engineering Tr1 cell therapy has been established and is gradually being used in clinical practice in recent years. Tr1 cell therapy has been proven to be safe and effective, but it is mainly involved in myeloid leukemia, graft versus host disease currently. Its therapeutic role in AIDs still needs to be further explored. In this study, we will summarize the research advances of Tr1 cells in AIDs, which will provide useful information for treating AIDs through Tr1 cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaida Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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The Biology of T Regulatory Type 1 Cells and Their Therapeutic Application in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Immunity 2018; 49:1004-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Yu H, Paiva R, Flavell RA. Harnessing the power of regulatory T-cells to control autoimmune diabetes: overview and perspective. Immunology 2017; 153:161-170. [PMID: 29155454 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease resulting in islet β-cell destruction, hypoinsulinaemia and severely altered glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms that initiate T1D still remain elusive, a breakdown of immune tolerance between effector T-cells (Teff ) and regulatory T-cells (Treg ) is considered to be the crucial component leading to autoimmunity. As such, strategies have been developed to boost the number and/or function of Treg in the hope of specifically hampering the pathogenic Teff activity. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of biomarkers and functions of both forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ Treg and type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in health and in T1D, examine the outcome of experimental therapies in both animal models and humans via manipulation of Treg responses and also provide an outlook on the potential of Treg -based immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Discussed immunotherapies include adoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded FoxP3+ Treg , manipulation of Treg cells via the interleukin (IL)-2/IL-2R pathway and induction of Treg by tolerogenic peptides, tolerogenic dendritic cells or altered gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ricardo Paiva
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Intestinal type 1 regulatory T cells migrate to periphery to suppress diabetogenic T cells and prevent diabetes development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10443-10448. [PMID: 28894001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705599114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing insight into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and numerous studies in preclinical models highlights the potential of regulatory T cells to restore tolerance. By using non-obese diabetic (NOD) BDC2.5 TCR-transgenic (Tg), and IL-10 and Foxp3 double-reporter mice, we demonstrate that alteration of gut microbiota during cohousing experiments or treatment with anti-CD3 mAb significantly increase intestinal IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and decrease diabetes incidence. These intestinal antigen-specific Tr1 cells have the ability to migrate to the periphery via a variety of chemokine receptors such as CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7 and to suppress proliferation of Th1 cells in the pancreas. The ability of Tr1 cells to cure diabetes in NOD mice required IL-10 signaling, as Tr1 cells could not suppress CD4+ T cells with a dominant-negative IL-10R. Taken together, our data show a key role of intestinal Tr1 cells in the control of effector T cells and development of diabetes. Therefore, modulating gut-associated lymphoid tissue to boost Tr1 cells may be important in type 1 diabetes management.
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21
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Cerosaletti K, Barahmand-Pour-Whitman F, Yang J, DeBerg HA, Dufort MJ, Murray SA, Israelsson E, Speake C, Gersuk VH, Eddy JA, Reijonen H, Greenbaum CJ, Kwok WW, Wambre E, Prlic M, Gottardo R, Nepom GT, Linsley PS. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Expanded Clones of Islet Antigen-Reactive CD4 + T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:323-335. [PMID: 28566371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The significance of islet Ag-reactive T cells found in peripheral blood of type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects is unclear, partly because similar cells are also found in healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized that key disease-associated cells would show evidence of prior Ag exposure, inferred from expanded TCR clonotypes, and essential phenotypic properties in their transcriptomes. To test this, we developed single-cell RNA sequencing procedures for identifying TCR clonotypes and transcript phenotypes in individual T cells. We applied these procedures to analysis of islet Ag-reactive CD4+ memory T cells from the blood of T1D and HC individuals after activation with pooled immunodominant islet peptides. We found extensive TCR clonotype sharing in Ag-activated cells, especially from individual T1D subjects, consistent with in vivo T cell expansion during disease progression. The expanded clonotype from one T1D subject was detected at repeat visits spanning >15 mo, demonstrating clonotype stability. Notably, we found no clonotype sharing between subjects, indicating a predominance of "private" TCR specificities. Expanded clones from two T1D subjects recognized distinct IGRP peptides, implicating this molecule as a trigger for CD4+ T cell expansion. Although overall transcript profiles of cells from HC and T1D subjects were similar, profiles from the most expanded clones were distinctive. Our findings demonstrate that islet Ag-reactive CD4+ memory T cells with unique Ag specificities and phenotypes are expanded during disease progression and can be detected by single-cell analysis of peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101;
| | | | - Junbao Yang
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Hannah A DeBerg
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Sara A Murray
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Elisabeth Israelsson
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Vivian H Gersuk
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - James A Eddy
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Helena Reijonen
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - William W Kwok
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Erik Wambre
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | | | - Peter S Linsley
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101;
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22
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Hamilton-Williams EE, Bergot AS, Reeves PLS, Steptoe RJ. Maintenance of peripheral tolerance to islet antigens. J Autoimmun 2016; 72:118-25. [PMID: 27255733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reestablishment of immune tolerance to the insulin-producing beta cells is the desired goal for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment and prevention. Immune tolerance to multiple islet antigens is defective in individuals with T1D, but the mechanisms involved are multifaceted and may involve loss of thymic and peripheral tolerance. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the varied mechanisms by which peripheral tolerance to islet antigens is maintained in healthy individuals where genetic protection from T1D is present and how this fails in those with genetic susceptibility to disease. Novel findings in regards to expression of neo-islet antigens, non-classical regulatory cell subsets and the impact of specific genetic variants on tolerance induction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peta L S Reeves
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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