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Li Y, Shan Y, Xu L, Chen W, Li Y. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating CD4 + T cells and modulating gut microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112699. [PMID: 39024745 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative and active metabolite of artemisinin, possesses various immunomodulatory properties. However, its role in myasthenia gravis (MG) has not been clearly explored. Here, we investigated the role of DHA in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS The AChR97-116 peptide-induced EAMG model was established in Lewis rats and treated with DHA. Flow cytometry was used to assess the release of Th cell subsets and Treg cells, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis was applied to explore the relationship between the changes in the intestinal flora after DHA treatment. In addition, network pharmacology and molecular docking were utilized to explore the potential mechanism of DHA against EAMG, which was further validated in the rat model by immunohistochemical and RT-qPCR for further validation. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that oral administration of DHA ameliorated clinical symptoms in rat models of EAMG, decreased the expression level of Th1 and Th17 cells, and increased the expression level of Treg cells. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis showed that DHA restored gut microbiota dysbiosis in EAMG rats by decreasing Ruminococcus abundance and increasing the abundance of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, and Allobaculum. Using network pharmacology, 103 potential targets of DHA related to MG were identified, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was related to the treatment of DHA on EAMG. Meanwhile, molecular docking verified that DHA has good binding affinity to AKT1, CASP3, EGFR, and IGF1. Immunohistochemical staining showed that DHA treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylated expression of AKT and PI3K in the spleen tissues of EAMG rats. In EAMG rats, RT-qPCR results also showed that DHA reduced the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT1. CONCLUSIONS DHA ameliorated EAMG by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, regulating CD4+ T cells and modulating gut microbiota, providing a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yunan Shan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Lin Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.
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Seida I, Al Shawaf M, Mahroum N. Fecal microbiota transplantation in autoimmune diseases - An extensive paper on a pathogenetic therapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103541. [PMID: 38593970 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The role of infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has long been recognized and reported. In addition to infectious agents, the internal composition of the "friendly" living bacteria, (microbiome) and its correlation to immune balance and dysregulation have drawn the attention of researchers for decades. Nevertheless, only recently, scientific papers regarding the potential role of transferring microbiome from healthy donor subjects to patients with autoimmune diseases has been proposed. Fecal microbiota transplantation or FMT, carries the logic of transferring microorganisms responsible for immune balance from healthy donors to individuals with immune dysregulation or more accurately for our paper, autoimmune diseases. Viewing the microbiome as a pathogenetic player allows us to consider FMT as a pathogenetic-based treatment. Promising results alongside improved outcomes have been demonstrated in patients with different autoimmune diseases following FMT. Therefore, in our current extensive review, we aimed to highlight the implication of FMT in various autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroid and liver diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus, among others. Presenting all the aspects of FMT in more than 12 autoimmune diseases in one paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time presented in medical literature. Viewing FMT as such could contribute to better understanding and newer application of the model in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, indeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maisam Al Shawaf
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sun J, Xie Q, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang H, Liu N, Wang M. Curcumin protects mice with myasthenia gravis by regulating the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and the Th17/Treg balance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26030. [PMID: 38420408 PMCID: PMC10900935 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been demonstrated to influence the microbiota. However, the effect of curcumin on the gut microbiota in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the gut microbiota community, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, intestinal permeability, and Th17/Treg balance in a Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (T-AChR)-induced MG mouse model. The results showed that curcumin significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of MG mice induced by T-AChR. Curcumin modified the gut microbiota composition, increased microbial diversity, and, in particular, reduced endotoxin-producing Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio levels in T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we found that curcumin significantly increased fecal butyrate levels in mice with T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Butyrate levels increased in conjunction with the increase in butyrate-producing species such as Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum in the curcumin-treated group. In addition, curcumin repressed the increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zonulin, and FD4 in plasma. It enhanced Occludin expression in the colons of MG mice induced with T-AChR, indicating dramatically alleviated gut permeability. Furthermore, curcumin treatment corrected T-AChR-induced imbalances in Th17/Treg cells. In summary, curcumin may protect mice against myasthenia gravis by modulating both the gut microbiota and SCFAs, improving gut permeability, and regulating the Th17/Treg balance. This study provides novel insights into curcumin's clinical value in MG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Qinfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
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4
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Sun J, Sun M, Li X, Xie Q, Zhang W, Wang M. MicroRNA‑155‑5p affects regulatory T cell activation and immunosuppressive function by targeting BCL10 in myasthenia gravis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:6. [PMID: 38223327 PMCID: PMC10785013 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The imbalance in immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). MicroRNAs (miRs) have been identified as key regulators of immune homeostasis. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) has been implicated in the activation and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-155-5p in modulating the activation and function of Tregs in MG. To achieve this objective, blood samples were collected from MG patients to assess the expression levels of miR-155-5p and BCL10, as well as the proportion of circulating Tregs, in comparison to healthy controls. The correlation between miR-155-5p and BCL10 levels was evaluated in human samples. The expression levels of miR-155-5p and the numbers of circulating Tregs were also examined in an animal model of experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG). A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify whether miR-155-5p can target BCL10. To determine the regulatory function of BCL10 in Tregs, CD4+ CD25+ Tregs were transfected with either small interfering-BCL10 or miR-155-5p inhibitor, and the expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and transcription factors Foxp3, TGF-β1, CTLA4, and ICOS were measured. The results demonstrated that the expression level of miR-155-5p was significantly higher in patients with MG compared with that in healthy controls, whereas the expression level of BCL10 was significantly decreased in patients with MG. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the expression levels of miR-155-5p and BCL10. The number of circulating Tregs was significantly reduced in patients with MG and in the spleen of rats with EAMG compared with that in the corresponding control groups. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155-5p could target BCL10. The Tregs transfected with si-BCL10 demonstrated significant decreases in the protein levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10, as well as in the mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, TGF-β1, CTLA-4 and ICOS. Conversely, the Tregs transfected with the miR-155-5p inhibitor exhibited a substantial increase in these protein and mRNA expression levels compared with their respective control groups. Furthermore, the knockdown of BCL10 exhibited a decline in the suppressive efficacy of Tregs on the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Conversely, the suppression of miR-155-5p expression attenuated the inhibition of the BCL10 gene, potentially causing an indirect influence on the suppressive capability of Tregs on the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. BCL10 was thus found to contribute to the activation and immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In summary, the present study demonstrated that miR-155-5p inhibited the activation and immunosuppressive function of Tregs by targeting BCL10, which may be used as a future potential target for the treatment of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qinfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Sun J, Chen J, Xie Q, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang H, Liu N, Wang Q, Wang M. Sodium butyrate alleviates R97-116 peptide-induced myasthenia gravis in mice by improving the gut microbiota and modulating immune response. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 37924056 PMCID: PMC10625296 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented butyrate exhibits an anti-inflammatory response to maintain immune homeostasis within the gut. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of butyrate on myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unclear. The changes in the gut microbiota and fecal contents of SCFAs in MG patients were examined. R97-116 peptide was used to induce the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mice and sodium butyrate (NaB) was gavaged to the EAMG mice. Gut microbiota, the frequency of Th1, Th17, Treg, Tfh, and B cells, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 A, IL-10, IL-21, and anti-R97-116 IgG, RNA-seq of total B cells in the spleen were explored by metagenomics, flow cytometry, ELISA, and transcriptomics. A significant reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria including Butyricimonas synergistica and functional modules including butyrate synthesis/production II was observed in MG patients and fecal SCFAs detection confirmed the increase. The EAMG mice were successfully constructed and NaB supplementation has changed the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The numbers of Th1, Th17, Tfh, and B cells were significantly increased while that of Treg cells was obviously decreased in EAMG mice compared with controls. Interestingly, NaB treatment has reduced the amounts of Th17, Tfh, and B cells but increased that of Treg cells. Accordingly, the levels of IL-17 A, IL-21, and IgG were increased while IL-10 was decreased in EAMG mice. However, NaB treatment reduced IL-17 A and IL-21 but increased that of IL-10. RNA-seq of B cells has revealed 4577 deferentially expressed genes (DEGs), in which 1218 DEGs were up-regulated while 3359 DEGs were down-regulated in NaB-treated EAMG mice. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis unveiled that the function of these DEGs was mainly focused on immunoglobulin production, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and CNS diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We have found that butyrate was significantly reduced in MG patients and NaB gavage could evidently improve MG symptoms in EAMG mice by changing the gut microbiota, regulating the immune response, and altering the gene expression and function of B cells, suggesting NaB might be a potential immunomodulatory supplement for MG drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qinfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Weng S, Huang L, Cai B, He L, Wen S, Li J, Zhong Z, Zhang H, Huang C, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Liu F. Astragaloside IV ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering gut microbiota. Chin Med 2023; 18:97. [PMID: 37542273 PMCID: PMC10403896 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease and its pathogenesis is closely related to CD4 + T cells. In recent years, gut microbiota is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MG. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from Astragalus membranaceus and has immunomodulatory effects. To study the immunomodulatory effect of AS-IV and the changes of gut microbiota on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mice, we explore the possible mechanism of AS-IV in improving MG. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was utilized to screen the crucial targets of AS-IV in the treatment of MG. Subsequently, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to identify potential pathways through which AS-IV acts against MG. Furthermore, experimental investigations were conducted to validate the underlying mechanism of AS-IV in MG treatment. Before modeling, 5 mice were randomly selected as the control group (CFA group), and the other 10 were induced to EAMG model. These mice were randomly divided into EAMG group and EAMG + AS-IV group, n = 5/group. In EAMG + AS-IV group, AS-IV was administered by gavage. CFA and EAMG groups were given the same volume of PBS. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. At the last administration, the feces were collected for 16S RNA microbiota analysis. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiments were performed for exploring the influence of changed intestinal flora on EAMG. After EAMG model was induced, the mice were treated with antibiotics daily for 4 weeks to germ-free. Then germ-free EAMG mice were randomly divided into two groups: FMT EAMG group, FMT AS-IV group, n = 3/group. Fecal extractions from EAMG and EAMG + AS-IV groups as gathered above were used to administered daily to the respective groups for 4 weeks. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected at the last administration. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that AS-IV regulates T cell pathways, including T cell receptor signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting its potential in improving MG. Further experimental verification demonstrated that AS-IV administration improved muscle strength and body weight, reduced the level of Th1 and Th17 cells, enhanced the level of Treg cells, and resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota, including changes in beta diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and the abundance of Clostridia in EAMG mice. We further conducted FMT tests and demonstrated that the EAMG Abx-treated mice which were transplanted the feces of mice treated with AS-IV significantly alleviated myasthenia symptoms, reduced Th1 and Th17 cells levels, and increased Treg cell levels. CONCLUSION This study speculated that AS-IV ameliorates EAMG by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering the structure and species of gut microbiota of EAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhui Weng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Bingxing Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Long He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Shuting Wen
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhuotai Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunying Yang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2, Helongqi Road, Renhe Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Song J, Zhao R, Yan C, Luo S, Xi J, Ding P, Li L, Hu W, Zhao C. A Targeted Complement Inhibitor CRIg/FH Protects Against Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in Rats via Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:746068. [PMID: 35154091 PMCID: PMC8825366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.746068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-induced complement activation may cause injury of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and is thus considered as a primary pathogenic factor in human myasthenia gravis (MG) and animal models of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). In this study, we tested whether CRIg/FH, a targeted complement inhibitor, could attenuate NMJ injury in rat MG models. We first demonstrated that CRIg/FH could inhibit complement-dependent cytotoxicity on human rhabdomyosarcoma TE671 cells induced by MG patient-derived IgG in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of CRIg/FH in a passive and an active EAMG rodent model. In both models, administration of CRIg/FH could significantly reduce the complement-mediated end-plate damage and suppress the development of EAMG. In the active EAMG model, we also found that CRIg/FH treatment remarkably reduced the serum concentration of autoantibodies and of the cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17, and upregulated the percentage of Treg cells in the spleen, which was further verified in vitro. Therefore, our findings indicate that CRIg/FH may hold the potential for the treatment of MG via immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Song J, Yang J, Jing S, Yan C, Huan X, Chen S, Zhong H, Lu J, Xi J, Luo L, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhao C, Chu M, Luo S. Berberine attenuates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via rebalancing the T cell subsets. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 362:577787. [PMID: 34923373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a T cell-driven, autoantibody-mediated disease. Here we show that oral Berberine (BBR) ameliorated clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis(EAMG) rat model via decreasing the frequencies of Th1, Th17, Th1/17 cell subsets. JAK-STAT pathway was highlighted by transcriptomic analysis with EAMG mononuclear cells (MNCs). Surface plasmon resonance identified ligand binding interaction between BBR and JAK2, and electrostatic interaction was proposed by molecular dynamic simulation. Reduced phosphorylated JAK1/2/3 and STAT1/3 in MNCs from BBR-fed EAMG rats were demonstrated. These results suggest that BBR might improve EAMG by rebalancing T cell subsets through targeting JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, China
| | - Sisi Jing
- Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao Huan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Huahua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China.
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9
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Li CY, Qin Z, Mei SH, Hu Y, Wu C. A2 adenosine receptor contributes to the development of cow's milk protein allergy via regulating regulatory T cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1380-1387. [PMID: 35096296 PMCID: PMC8769521 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.57614.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR) is a novel promising target for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, its role in the development of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) has not been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the function of A2AR in CMPA development. Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce allergic responses. The model was assessed by detecting allergic responses and plasma-specific IgE levels. The levels of A2AR were measured by PCR and flow cytometry. The subpopulation of Treg cells was analysed. Results: The mice sensitized and challenged with OVA showed classic allergic symptoms, such as acute allergic skin responses, increased anaphylactic shock symptom scores, and higher levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a. OVA-sensitized mice and CMPA patients showed decreased levels of A2AR and Treg cells. Interestingly, we observed a positive correlation between A2AR expression and Treg levels in CMPA patients. Further study showed that the A2AR agonist CGS21680 blocked OVA-induced allergic reactions, and the A2AR antagonist KW-6002 amplified allergic responses. Interestingly, CGS21680 not only activated the A2AR-mediated signalling pathway but also caused an increase in the population of Treg cells. In contrast, KW-6002 therapy decreased the levels of Tregs in allergic mice. Conclusion: A2AR expression is downregulated in CMPA. The A2AR-mediated pathway negatively regulates the development of CMPA, at least in part, by amplifying the differentiation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Shao-Hua Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Wangjiang East Road No.39, Hefei, 230051, China
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10
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Pan W, Nagpal K, Suárez-Fueyo A, Ferretti A, Yoshida N, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. The Regulatory Subunit PPP2R2A of PP2A Enhances Th1 and Th17 Differentiation through Activation of the GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1719-1728. [PMID: 33762326 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) composed of a scaffold subunit, a catalytic subunit, and multiple regulatory subunits is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase. We have previously shown that the PP2A catalytic subunit is increased in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and promotes IL-17 production by enhancing the activity of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in T cells. However, the molecular mechanism whereby PP2A regulates ROCK activity is unknown. In this study, we show that the PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2A is increased in T cells from people with systemic lupus erythematosus and binds to, dephosphorylates, and activates the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 at Ser885, which in turn increases the levels of RhoA-GTP and the activity of ROCK in T cells. Genetic PPP2R2A deficiency in murine T cells reduced Th1 and Th17, but not regulatory T cell differentiation and mice with T cell-specific PPP2R2A deficiency displayed less autoimmunity when immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide. Our studies indicate that PPP2R2A is the regulatory subunit that dictates the PP2A-directed enhanced Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and therefore, it represents a therapeutic target for pathologies linked to Th1 and Th17 cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kamalpreet Nagpal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrew Ferretti
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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11
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Prado DS, Damasceno LEA, Sonego AB, Rosa MH, Martins TV, Fonseca MDM, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC. Pitavastatin ameliorates autoimmune neuroinflammation by regulating the Treg/Th17 cell balance through inhibition of mevalonate metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107278. [PMID: 33341737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While Treg cells are responsible for self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, pathogenic autoreactive Th17 cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to tissue damage associated with autoimmunity, as observed in multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the immunological balance between Th17 and Treg cells may represent a promising option for immune therapy. Statin drugs are used to treat dyslipidemia; however, besides their effects on preventing cardiovascular diseases, statins also have anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the role of pitavastatin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells. EAE was induced by immunizing C57BL/6 mice with MOG35-55. EAE severity was determined by analyzing the clinical score and inflammatory parameters in the spinal cord. Naive CD4 T cells were cultured under Treg and Th17-skewing conditions in vitro in the presence of pitavastatin. We found that pitavastatin decreased EAE development, which was accompanied by a reduction of all parameters investigated. Pitavastatin also reduced the expression of IBA1 and pSTAT3 (Y705 and S727) in the spinal cords of EAE mice. Interestingly, the reduction of Th17 cell frequency in the draining lymph nodes of EAE mice treated with pitavastatin was followed by an increase of Treg cells. Indeed, pitavastatin directly affects T cell differentiation in vitro by decreasing Th17 and increasing Treg cell differentiation. Mechanistically, pitavastatin effects are dependent on mevalonate synthesis. Thus, our data show the potential anti-inflammatory effect of pitavastatin on the pathogenesis of the experimental neuroinflammation by modulating the Th17/Treg axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Male
- Mevalonic Acid/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Peptide Fragments
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Prado
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L E A Damasceno
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A B Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M H Rosa
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - T V Martins
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M D M Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - T M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - F Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J C Alves-Filho
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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12
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Inomata T, Fujimoto K, Okumura Y, Zhu J, Fujio K, Shokirova H, Miura M, Okano M, Funaki T, Sung J, Negishi N, Murakami A. Novel immunotherapeutic effects of topically administered ripasudil (K-115) on corneal allograft survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19817. [PMID: 33188243 PMCID: PMC7666179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal allograft survival is mediated by the variety of immunological reactions and wound healing process. Our aim was to explore the effects of topical administration of ripasudil, a selective Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase inhibitor, on corneal allograft survival. Ripasudil was administered to mice thrice a day after allogeneic corneal transplantation. Corneal graft survival, opacity, neovascularization, re-epithelization, immune cell infiltration, and mRNA levels of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors in the grafted cornea and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were evaluated with slit-lamp microscopy, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction. Graft survival was significantly prolonged with lower graft opacity and neovascularization scores in 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil-treated groups, and mRNA levels of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors in ripasudil-treated grafted corneas were reduced. Moreover, 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil reduced CD45+-infiltrated leukocyte frequency, Cd11b and Cd11c mRNA levels, and the frequencies of mature dendritic cells, IFNγ-, and IL-17- producing CD4+T cells in the dLNs of recipients. Re-epithelization rate of the grafted cornea was significantly higher in the 0.4% and 2.0% ripasudil groups than in the control. Topically applied ripasudil prolonged graft survival by downregulating neovascularization and inflammation factors, while promoting corneal re-epithelization, suggesting that ripasudil may be useful for suppressing immunological rejection in corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Okano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshinari Funaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaemyoung Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoko Negishi
- Atopy (Allergic) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Indoor Environment Neurophysiology Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Treg and TH17 link to immune response in individuals with peri-implantitis: a preliminary report. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1291-1297. [PMID: 32594309 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treg and TH17 cells influence the inflammatory process in periodontal diseases and could also play in a similar pattern, an essential role in immune-inflammatory mechanisms involved in the destruction of the peri-implant tissues, peri-implantitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the levels of RORγT and FOXP3 gene expression in subjects with peri-implantitis and healthy peri-implant tissues. METHODS A total of 35 subjects with implant-supported restorations in both diseased and healthy clinical conditions (n = 15 healthy; n = 20 peri-implantitis) were included in this study. Peri-implantitis was defined as probing depth > 5 mm, bleeding on probing and/or suppuration, and peri-implant bone loss >4 mm. Peri-implant tissue biopsies were collected for analysis of the mRNA, RORγT, and FOXP3 expression levels. The samples were submitted to total RNA extraction, treatment with DNAse, and cDNA synthesis. Subsequently, real-time PCR reaction was performed to evaluate the levels of RORγT and FOXP3 gene expression to the reference gene. These were analyzed by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney method with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS Higher gene expression levels of the transcription factors RORγT and FOXP3 were detected in the tissues affected by peri-implantitis when compared with healthy tissues (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the possible existence of a hybrid TH17-Treg profile, based on the gene expression of transcription factors inducing differentiation of these cells. Further studies must be designed to gain a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The levels of RORγT and FOXP3 transcription factors that were linked to cells with the FOXP3+RORγT+ phenotype could be used as a predictor of peri-implantitis progression.
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14
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Baicalin suppresses Th1 and Th17 responses and promotes Treg response to ameliorate sepsis-associated pancreatic injury via the RhoA-ROCK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106685. [PMID: 32570032 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the imbalance of T helper 1 cell (Th1), Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) have been confirmed to play a vital role in the development of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. Baicalin (BA) has anti-inflammatory properties and improves survival in sepsis. We investigated whether baicalin could regulate Th1, Th17 and Treg responses to ameliorate sepsis-associated pancreatic injury through the ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. The sepsis model was established by using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): sham group, model group, low-dose group (BA-L, 100 mg/kg of baicalin), medium-dose group (BA-M, 200 mg/kg of baicalin) and highdose group (BA-H, 300 mg/kg of baicalin). The effects of baicalin on the pancreatic injury, on changes of Th1, Th17 and Treg cells in vivo and in vitro, on RhoA, ROCK1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways, and on levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 were examined. Treatment of the CLP mice with baicalin significantly reduced the extent, scope and severity of the pathological changes of sepsis-associated pancreatic injury. Baicalin evidently reduced Th1 and Th17 cells and increased Treg cells in peripheral blood, spleen, pancreatic tissue and significantly inhibited T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet), retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and increased forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) expressions in the pancreatic tissue. Baicalin reduced the expressions of RhoA, ROCK1, phosphorylated STAT4 (p-STAT4), p-STAT3 and increased the expression of p-STAT5 in peripheral blood, spleen and pancreatic tissue. Baicalin reduced the expressions of IFN-γ and IL-17 and increased the IL-10 in serum and pancreatic tissue. Baicalin is capable of ameliorating sepsis-associated pancreatic injury and regulating Th1, Th17 and Treg responses in sepsis. The present study provided a potential adjunctive therapy for treating pancreatic injury in sepsis, and further study is needed to reveal its deeper mechanisms.
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15
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Jiang XH, Chen Y, Ding YY, Qiu H, Zhou DY, Qiu CL. Effect of Grilled Nux Vomica on Differential RNA Expression Profile of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Toll‑Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling in Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919150. [PMID: 32052794 PMCID: PMC7034401 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a progressive autoimmune disorder caused by the production of antibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of grilled nux vomica (GNV) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rat 97-116 peptides were used to mediate disease in the EAMG model in SPF female Lewis rats. The treatment groups received grilled nux vomica (75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg). The autoantibody and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA profiling was performed on high-dose and model group rats. Profiling results and TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling were validated by q-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that GNV could attenuate the symptoms of EAMG rats. There was a decreased level of AChR-ab, IFN-γ, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17 levels, and an increased level of TGF-ß1. In total, 235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), consisting of 175 upregulated DEGs and 60 downregulated DEGs, were identified. Functional annotation demonstrated that DEGs were largely associated with leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, muscle contraction, and cardiac muscle contraction pathway. Rac2, Itgb2, Lcp2, Myl3, and Tnni1 were considered as hub genes with a higher degree value in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The q-PCR and Western blot results of hub genes were consistent with RNA profiles. GNV treatment also significantly reduced the TLR-4 and NF-kappaB p65 protein expression in EAMG rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that grilled nux vomica ameliorates EAMG by depressing the TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, and hub genes may serve as potential targets for MG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hong Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yang Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Di Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chang Lin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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16
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Porazinski S, Parkin A, Pajic M. Rho-ROCK Signaling in Normal Physiology and as a Key Player in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:99-127. [PMID: 32030687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-ROCK signaling network has a range of specialized functions of key biological importance, including control of essential developmental processes such as morphogenesis and physiological processes including homeostasis, immunity, and wound healing. Deregulation of Rho-ROCK signaling actively contributes to multiple pathological conditions, and plays a major role in cancer development and progression. This dynamic network is critical in modulating the intricate communication between tumor cells, surrounding diverse stromal cells and the matrix, shaping the ever-changing microenvironment of aggressive tumors. In this chapter, we overview the complex regulation of the Rho-ROCK signaling axis, its role in health and disease, and analyze progress made with key approaches targeting the Rho-ROCK pathway for therapeutic benefit. Finally, we conclude by outlining likely future trends and key questions in the field of Rho-ROCK research, in particular surrounding Rho-ROCK signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Porazinski
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Pan C, Zhang YS, Han JY, Li CY, Yi Y, Zhao Y, Wang LM, Tian JZ, Liu SY, Li GQ, Li XL, Xian Z, Liang AH. The Involvement of the RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway in Hypersensitivity Reactions Induced by Paclitaxel Injection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204988. [PMID: 31600977 PMCID: PMC6834182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) largely limits the use of paclitaxel injection. Currently, these reactions are considered to be mediated by histamine release and complement activation. However, the evidence is insufficient and the molecular mechanism involved in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs is still incompletely understood. In this study, a mice model mimicking vascular hyperpermeability was applied. The vascular leakage induced merely by excipients (polyoxyl 35 castor oil) was equivalent to the reactions evoked by paclitaxel injection under the same conditions. Treatment with paclitaxel injection could cause rapid histamine release. The vascular exudation was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with a histamine antagonist. No significant change in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs was observed in complement-deficient and complement-depleted mice. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was activated by paclitaxel injection. Moreover, the ROCK inhibitor showed a protective effect on vascular leakage in the ears and on inflammation in the lungs. In conclusion, this study provided a suitable mice model for investigating the HSRs characterized by vascular hyperpermeability and confirmed the main sensitization of excipients in paclitaxel injection. Histamine release and RhoA/ROCK pathway activation, rather than complement activation, played an important role in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs. Furthermore, the ROCK inhibitor may provide a potential preventive approach for paclitaxel injection side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yu-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Yin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Chun-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Lian-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jing-Zhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Su-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Gui-Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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