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Białkowska K, Marciniak W, Muszyńska M, Baszuk P, Gupta S, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Sukiennicki G, Durda K, Gromowski T, Lener M, Prajzendanc K, Łukomska A, Cybulski C, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Dębniak T, Lubiński J, Jakubowska A. Polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-13 and MT2A do not contribute to breast, lung and colon cancer risk in polish population. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2020; 18:16. [PMID: 32765800 PMCID: PMC7395404 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-020-00147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are Zinc-related proteins which are involved in processes crucial for carcinogenesis such as angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMPs and MTs that affect genes expression have been associated with cancer risk, including breast, lung and colon. Methods The study group consisted of 648 unselected patients (299 with breast cancer, 199 with lung cancer, 150 with colon cancer) and 648 unaffected individuals. Five SNPs, rs1799750 in MMP-1, rs243865 in MMP-2, rs11568818 in MMP-7, rs2252070 in MMP-13 and rs28366003 in MT2A were genotyped and serum zinc (Zn) level was measured. The cancer risk was calculated using multivariable logistic regression with respect to Zn. Results None of the 5 tested polymorphisms showed a correlation with cancer risk in studied groups, although for MMP-2, MMP-7 and MT2A non-significant differences in genotypes frequencies among cases and controls were observed. Conclusions Analyses of polymorphisms, rs1799750 in MMP-1, rs243865 in MMP-2, rs11568818 in MMP-7, rs2252070 in MMP-13 and rs28366003 in MT2A in relation to serum Zn level did not show significant association with breast, lung and colon cancer risk among polish patients. Further studies are needed to verify this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Baszuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Satish Gupta
- Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gromowski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Łukomska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene S.A., Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Zare M, Jafari-Nedooshan J, Aghili K, Ahrar H, Jarahzadeh MH, Seifi-Shalamzari N, Zare-Shehneh M, Neamatzadeh H. ASSOCIATION OF MMP-7 -181A>G POLYMORPHISM WITH COLORECTAL CANCER AND GASTRIC CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:e1449. [PMID: 31644669 PMCID: PMC6812146 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
The matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) gene -181A>G polymorphism has been
reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer
(GC) susceptibility, yet the results of these previous results have been
inconsistent or controversial.
Aim:
To elaborate a meta-analysis to assess the association of -181A>G
polymorphism of MMP-7 with CRC and GC risk.
Methods:
Published literature evaluating the association from PubMed, Web of Science,
Google Scholar and other databases were retrieved up to April 25, 2018.
Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated
using random- or fixed-effects model.
Results:
A total of 19 case-control studies, which included eleven studies on CRC
(2,169 CRC cases and 2,346 controls) and eight studies on GC (1,545 GC cases
and 2,366 controls) were identified. There was a significant association
between MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphism and GC risk under the homozygote model
(GG vs. AA: OR=1.672, 95% CI 1.161-2.409, p=0.006) and the recessive model
(GG vs. GA+AA: OR=1.672, 95% CI 1.319-2.554, p=0.001), but not with CRC. By
subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, an increased risk of CRC and GC was
found only among Asians.
Conclusions:
This meta-analysis suggests that MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphisms is associated
with GC risk, but not with CRC. However, our results clearly showed that the
MMP-7 -181A>G polymorphism significantly increased the risk of CRC only
in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zare
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, General Surgery
| | | | - Kazem Aghili
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Radiology
| | - Hossein Ahrar
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Radiology
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3
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Białkowska K, Marciniak W, Muszyńska M, Baszuk P, Gupta S, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Sukiennicki G, Durda K, Gromowski T, Prajzendanc K, Cybulski C, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Dębniak T, Scott RJ, Lubiński J, Jakubowska A. Association of zinc level and polymorphism in MMP-7 gene with prostate cancer in Polish population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201065. [PMID: 30036379 PMCID: PMC6056054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among men in Western populations. Evidence reported in the literature suggests that zinc may be related to prostate cancer. In this study we evaluated the association of serum zinc levels and polymorphisms in genes encoding zinc-dependent proteins with prostate cancer in Poland. METHODS The study group consisted of 197 men affected with prostate cancer and 197 healthy men. Serum zinc levels were measured and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-13, MT2A genes were genotyped. RESULTS The mean serum zinc level was higher in prostate cancer patients than in healthy controls (898.9±12.01 μg/l vs. 856.6±13.05 μg/l, p<0.01). When compared in quartiles a significant association of higher zinc concentration with the incidence of prostate cancer was observed. The highest OR (OR = 4.41, 95%CI 2.07-9.37, p<0.01) was observed in 3rd quartile (>853.0-973.9 μg/l). Among five analyzed genetic variants, rs11568818 in MMP-7 appeared to be correlated with 2-fold increased prostate cancer risk (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.19-4.82, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest a significant correlation of higher serum zinc levels with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The polymorphism rs11568818 in MMP-7 gene was also associated with an increased prostate cancer risk in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Baszuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Satish Gupta
- Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gromowski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene S.A., Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Alp E, Yilmaz A, Tulmac M, Ugras Dikmen A, Cengel A, Yalcin R, Menevse ES. Analysis of MMP-7 and TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A Turkish case-control study. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:78-85. [PMID: 28137415 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) have a significant role in tissue remodeling related to cardiac function. In earlier studies, MMP-7 A-181G (rs11568818), C-153T (rs11568819), C-115T (rs17886546), and TIMP-2 G-418C (rs8179090) polymorphisms have been studied in various diseases. However, association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and these polymorphisms has been poorly studied. The goal of this study is to investigate the association of CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) with MMP-7 or TIMP-2 polymorphisms. This study included 122 CAD patients and 132 control individuals. DNA was extracted from whole blood. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and automated direct sequencing method were used for genotyping of these polymorphisms. No significant differences were found between MMP-7 A-181G, C-115T, and TIMP-2 G-418C polymorphism and CAD or MI in a Turkish population. Despite the fact that the genotypes of MMP-7 C-153T polymorphism had no significant differences among MI and control groups, allele frequencies of C-153T polymorphism were significantly different between the two groups. Our study is the first report to clarify the appreciable relationship between MMP-7 C-153T polymorphism and MI development in CAD patients. However, these findings also need to be confirmed in other populations so we can improve our knowledge about the genetic factors affecting the development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Alp
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Akin Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Murat Tulmac
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Asiye Ugras Dikmen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atiye Cengel
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Yalcin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Sevda Menevse
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Vira H, Pradhan V, Umare V, Chaudhary A, Rajadhyksha A, Nadkar M, Ghosh K, Nadkarni A. Role of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus 2016; 26:937-943. [PMID: 28420044 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316682855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. The association of MMP-7 and disease severity is still unclear. A total of 150 SLE patients and matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Disease activity was scored according to SLEDAI (98 active and 52 inactive disease). Mean serum MMP-7 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than controls ( p < 0.001). Patients with active disease showed higher levels (16.24 ± 6.2 ng/ml) as against inactive disease (10.50 ± 3.97 ng/ml) ( p ≤ 0.0001). Mean MMP-7 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients (RQ = 3.16 ± 0.93) as compared to controls (RQ = 2.21 ± 0.89, p = 0.006). A positive correlation between MMP-7 levels, mRNA expression and SLEDAI score was observed ( r = 0.563, r = 0.427). The MMP-7 -181 G allele was found to be significantly higher among SLE patients ( p < 0.0001). A significant association was noted between MMP-7 -181 A/G +G/G genotypes with renal ( p = 0.0027) and CNS ( p = 0.0031) manifestations and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies ( p = 0.0312). Serum MMP-7 levels and mRNA expression were elevated in advanced stages of SLE, indicating that MMP-7 is associated with disease activity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vira
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - V Pradhan
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - V Umare
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Chaudhary
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Rajadhyksha
- 2 Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - M Nadkar
- 2 Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - K Ghosh
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Nadkarni
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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6
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Banday MZ, Sameer AS, Mir AH, Mokhdomi TA, Chowdri NA, Haq E. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -7 and -9 promoter polymorphisms in colorectal cancer in ethnic Kashmiri population - A case-control study and a mini review. Gene 2016; 589:81-89. [PMID: 27222481 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play a pivotal role in the transformation and progression of tumors at all stages, especially during the invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic association of MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 promoter polymorphisms with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and development risk in ethnic Kashmiri population. The genotype frequencies of MMP2-1306C/T, MMP7-181A/G and MMP9-1562C/T SNPs were compared between 142 CRC patients and 184 healthy controls by using PCR-RFLP method. The association between all the three MMP promoter polymorphisms and the modulation of risk of CRC was found to be significant (p≤0.05). The heterozygous genotype (CT) of MMP2-1306C/T SNP and variant genotype (GG) of MMP7-181A/G SNP showed a significant association with decreased risk for the development of CRC [OR, 0.61 (95%CI, 0.37-1.01); p=0.05 and OR, 0.43 (95%CI, 0.20-0.90); p=0.02, respectively] whereas the heterozygous genotype (CT) of MMP9-1562C/T SNP showed a significant association with increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer [OR, 1.88 (95%CI, 1.11-3.18); p=0.02]. Further, the less common MMP9-1562T allele was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [OR, 1.74 (95%CI, 1.15-2.62); p=0.007]. Our results suggest that these MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 promoter polymorphisms play a role as one of the key modulators of the risk of developing colorectal cancer in Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Zafar Banday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashaq Hussain Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Taseem A Mokhdomi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Chowdri
- Department of Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
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Halabi NM, Martinez A, Al-Farsi H, Mery E, Puydenus L, Pujol P, Khalak HG, McLurcan C, Ferron G, Querleu D, Al-Azwani I, Al-Dous E, Mohamoud YA, Malek JA, Rafii A. Preferential Allele Expression Analysis Identifies Shared Germline and Somatic Driver Genes in Advanced Ovarian Cancer. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005755. [PMID: 26735499 PMCID: PMC4703369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes where a variant allele is preferentially expressed in tumors could lead to a better understanding of cancer biology and optimization of targeted therapy. However, tumor sample heterogeneity complicates standard approaches for detecting preferential allele expression. We therefore developed a novel approach combining genome and transcriptome sequencing data from the same sample that corrects for sample heterogeneity and identifies significant preferentially expressed alleles. We applied this analysis to epithelial ovarian cancer samples consisting of matched primary ovary and peritoneum and lymph node metastasis. We find that preferentially expressed variant alleles include germline and somatic variants, are shared at a relatively high frequency between patients, and are in gene networks known to be involved in cancer processes. Analysis at a patient level identifies patient-specific preferentially expressed alleles in genes that are targets for known drugs. Analysis at a site level identifies patterns of site specific preferential allele expression with similar pathways being impacted in the primary and metastasis sites. We conclude that genes with preferentially expressed variant alleles can act as cancer drivers and that targeting those genes could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Identifying genes that contribute to cancer biology is complicated partly because cancers can have dozens of somatic mutations and thousands of germline variants. Somatic mutations are gene variants that arise after conception in an organism while germline variants are gene variants present at conception in an organism. Most methods to identify cancer drivers have focused on determining somatic mutations. In this study we attempt to identify, from a tumor sample, important germline and somatic variants by determining if a variant is expressed (made into RNA) more than expected from the amount of the variant in the genome. The preferred expression of a variant could benefit cancer cells. When applying our analysis to ovarian cancer samples we found that despite the apparent heterogeneity, different patients frequently share the same genes with preferentially expressed variants. These genes in many cases are known to affect cancer processes such as DNA repair, cell adhesion and cell signaling and are targetable with known drugs. We therefore conclude that our analysis can identify germline and somatic gene variants that contribute to cancer biology and can potentially guide individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb M. Halabi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Halema Al-Farsi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliane Mery
- Pathology Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Pujol
- Oncogenetics, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hanif G. Khalak
- Advanced Computing, Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cameron McLurcan
- Biosciences Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenael Ferron
- Surgery Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Querleu
- Surgery Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Iman Al-Azwani
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Al-Dous
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Joel A. Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
- Genomics Core, Weill-Cornell Medical in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
- Stem Cells and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
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8
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Prostate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Provides a Crucial Clue to Cancer Aggression in Active Surveillance Patients. Eur Urol 2015; 69:229-30. [PMID: 26455355 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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