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Patti A, Gervasi M, Giustino V, Figlioli F, Canzone A, Drid P, Thomas E, Messina G, Vicari DSS, Palma A, Bianco A. The Influence of Ankle Mobility and Foot Stability on Jumping Ability and Landing Mechanics: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:160. [PMID: 39311268 PMCID: PMC11417945 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Practicing physical activities or sports that involve frequent jumping and landing can strain the muscles and joints of the lower limbs, especially in those who do not have adequate physical preparation. The objective of this study was to (a) determine the correlation between ankle range of motion (ROM) and landing stability following jumps; (b) assess the association between the jump height in a counter-movement jump (CMJ) test and ankle ROM; and (c) examine the connection between stabilometry during specific jumps movements present in many sports and in ankle stabilization. Sixty-two healthy amateur volleyball players participated in the study (age: thirty-seven females and twenty-five males; age (years): 16.5 ± 4.25; height (cm): 166 ± 11.4; weight (Kg): 61.6 ± 13.7). Participants were recruited for the study in collaboration with student sports associations. The evaluations encompassed the measurement of ankle joint mobility for both lower limbs using an inertial sensor, a static baropodometric and stabilometric analysis using a pressure platform, and the CMJ test using the Microgate system. After the assessments, participants performed a "specific jump landing task". Significant correlations were found between foot range of motion (ROM) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance. Specifically, the ROM of the right foot had a strong correlation with the CMJ (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), while the left foot ROM showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). The specific jump task revealed substantial changes in stabilometry parameters, particularly during forward hops compared to lateral jumps. Dorsiflexion ROM significantly impacts jumping ability. Evaluating landing patterns and stabilometry during targeted activities can help optimize training, improve dynamic balance, and reduce ankle injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Flavia Figlioli
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Canzone
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, 20132 Rome, Italy;
| | - Domenico Savio Salvatore Vicari
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (A.C.); (E.T.); (D.S.S.V.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
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Sun Y, Liu H. Prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in modern and contemporary dancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1325536. [PMID: 38481844 PMCID: PMC10932947 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1325536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of studies have found that the musculoskeletal injury of modern and contemporary dancers has a high incidence. Previous publications have indicated that there are many potential factors that are related to dancing injury; however, they have not been proven, and even some data are conflicting in different research. Results The search yielded 18 prospective studies reporting on professional and pre-professional modern or contemporary dancers from companies and schools. The prevalence of modern and contemporary dancers was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74~0.90). The injury proportion of trauma, overuse, ankle and foot, lower extremity, joint and ligaments, muscle and tendons, and time-loss were 0.40, 0.26, 0.49, 0.34, 0.33, and 0.29 in the total number of injuries. There was no evidence of a significant difference in sex, age, and education program. The factors of BMI and injury history achieved statistical significance, and the p-values were less than 0.01. Conclusion Based on the results of this article, BMI and injury history may be risk factors for injury in contemporary and modern dancers. Modern and contemporary dancers have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Lower extremity injuries are the most common in the whole body, with injuries to the foot and ankle being more frequent. The mechanism of injury is mostly overuse injury, and the injured tissues are mostly muscle tendons and joint ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- College of Human Sport Science of Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- China Sports Health Research Institute of Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Legg L, Donahue T, Peel S, Piland S, Thorsen T. Effects of shoe collar height and limb dominance on landing knee biomechanics in female collegiate volleyball players. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:247-254. [PMID: 38456685 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2327119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Volleyball-specific footwear with higher collar heights (a mid-cut shoe) are worn to restrict ankle motion. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with increased frontal plane motion and injury risk at the knee. With the high frequency of unilateral landings in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volleyball-specific shoes and limb dominance on knee landing mechanics in collegiate volleyball players. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit smaller sagittal plane and greater frontal plane knee joint mechanics in mid-cut and dominant limb and that vertical and posterior directed ground reaction forces would be greater wearing mid-cut, yet similar between limbs. Seventeen female volleyball players performed unilateral landings on each limb in mid-cut and low-top volleyball shoes. For shoe main effects, smaller peak dorsiflexion angle and internal peak plantarflexion moment and greater peak medial ground reaction force were found in the mid-cut but with no impact on knee mechanics. For limb main effects, the internal peak knee abduction moment was greater in the dominant limb. Greater peak lateral ground reaction force was found in the interaction between the non-dominant limb and low-top. Further research is warranted to better understand shoe and limb impact in volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Legg
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Tyler Donahue
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Shelby Peel
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Piland
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Tanner Thorsen
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
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Lunser MK, Hurdle MF, Taylor WC, Bertasi RAO, Bertasi TGO, Kurklinsky S, Cooper GM, Garner HW, Helmi H, Pujalte GGA. Ultrasound Measurement of Femoral Articular Cartilage Thickness Before and After Marathon Running. Cureus 2024; 16:e52870. [PMID: 38406107 PMCID: PMC10894013 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use ultrasonography to measure femoral articular cartilage thickness changes during marathon running, which could support MRI studies showing that deformation of knee cartilage during long-distance running is no greater than that for other weight-bearing activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included 38 marathon runners with no knee pain or history of knee injury, aged 18-39. Ultrasound images of the femoral articular cartilage were taken two hours before and immediately after the race. Femoral articular cartilage thickness was measured at both the medial and lateral femoral condyles. RESULTS The maximum change in femoral articular cartilage thickness, measured at the left outer lateral femoral condyle, was 6.94% (P=.006). All other femoral articular cartilage thickness changes were not significant. CONCLUSION A change in femoral articular cartilage thickness of 6.94% supports our hypothesis that long-distance running does not induce deformational changes greater than that of regular daily activities. This study using ultrasonography supports MRI evidence that knee cartilage tolerates marathon running well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter C Taylor
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Raphael A O Bertasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside West, New York, USA
| | - Tais G O Bertasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside West, New York, USA
| | | | - George M Cooper
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Haytham Helmi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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Garcia GL, Caminita M, Hunter JG, Miller RH, Shim JK. Dorsiflexion shoes affect joint-level landing mechanics related to lower extremity injury risk in females. Sports Biomech 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36948644 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2191867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Athletic shoes that induce dorsiflexion in standing can improve jump height compared to traditional athletic shoes that induce plantarflexion, but it is unknown if dorsiflexion shoes (DF) also affect landing biomechanics associated with lower extremity injury risk. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate if DF adversely affect landing mechanics related to patellofemoral pain and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk compared to neutral (NT) and plantarflexion (PF) shoes. Sixteen females (21.65 ± 4.7 years, 63.69 ± 14.3 kg, 1.60 ± 0.05 m) performed three maximum vertical countermovement jumps in DF (-1.5°), NT (0°) and PF (8°) shoes as 3D kinetics and kinematics were recorded. One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed peak vertical ground reaction force, knee abduction moment and total energy absorption were similar between conditions. At the knee, peak flexion and joint displacement were lower in DF and NT, while relative energy absorption was greater in PF (all p < .01). Conversely, relative ankle energy absorption was greater in DF and NT compared to PF (p < .01). Both DF and NT induce landing patterns that may increase strain on passive structures in the knee, emphasising the need for landing mechanics to be considered when testing footwear as gains in performance could come at the cost of injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Garcia
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mia Caminita
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jessica G Hunter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ross H Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Neuroscience & Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jae Kun Shim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Neuroscience & Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Zaferiou AM. Dance-Themed National Biomechanics Day Community Engagement to Inspire our Future STEAM Leaders. J Biomech 2023; 150:111511. [PMID: 36870260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Community engagement experiences through National Biomechanics Day (NBD) that focused on dance biomechanics have provided excellent Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math (STEAM) learning opportunities. During these experiences, bidirectional learning has been enjoyed by the biomechanists hosting the events and the kindergarten through 12th grade student attendees. In this article, perspectives are shared about dance biomechanics and hosting dance-themed NBD events. Importantly, examples of high school student feedback are provided that point towards the positive impact of NBD by inviting future generations to advance the field of biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Zaferiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken NJ, USA.
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Akbari H, Shimokochi Y, Sheikhi B. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and landing postures during a soccer-specific task. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283150. [PMID: 36928236 PMCID: PMC10019731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) has been shown to be associated with poor landing posture. However, previously used tasks have been controlled, and it is unclear whether clinical measurements of the ankle DF-ROM, are associated with landing positions during sport-specific task. This study sought to determine the relationship between ankle DF-ROM and landing positions. METHODS Thirty male soccer players participated in this study. The ankle DF-ROM was measured by the weight bearing lunge test in degrees using a cell phone app (TiltMeter). Landing patterns were assessed during a soccer-specific task using landing error scoring system items using Kinovea software. Simple correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between ankle DF-ROM and landing error scores. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between ankle DF-ROM and landing errors (r = -0.450, P = 0.006). A decreased ankle DF-ROM was associated with greater landing errors in a soccer specific situation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ankle DF-ROM may serve a useful clinical measure for identifying poor landing posture in the real-world environment. Therefore, assessment of ankle DF-ROM could be included in the screening process, which could help identify the cause of the faulty motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohei Shimokochi
- Department of Health and Sport Management, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bahram Sheikhi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Comparison of the movement behaviour of experienced and novice performers during the Cat exercise. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279104. [PMID: 36548264 PMCID: PMC9779039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two previous studies showed kinematic differences between novice and experienced performers during unchoreographed movements executed in standing position. However, no study explores if these kinematic differences holds during unchoreographed movements executed in quadrupedal position. The aim of this study is to compare the movement behaviour of experienced and novice performers during an exercise wherein they are challenged to use dynamic and largely unchoreographed movement patterns executed in quadrupedal position. The exercise studied was the Cat exercise, in which participants were asked to behave like a feline for 10 minutes. An inventory of the chosen movements and the assessment of their average and coefficient of variation of the ground contact temporal parameters, computed by analysing the tri-dimensional whole-body kinematics of 25 performers (n = 13 novices and n = 12 experienced), was compared according to their experience level. No significant difference was found between the groups for the number of chosen movements, and median or coefficient of variation of ground contact temporal parameters, except for a greater foot/ knee swing coefficient of variation in experienced performers. This suggests that biomechanical constraints induced by quadrupedal position "prevent" a different selection of motor strategies by experienced performers, although the latter can be more variable in their movements.
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The effects of visual cognitive tasks on landing stability and lower extremity injury risk in high-level soccer players. Gait Posture 2022; 92:230-235. [PMID: 34875466 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual cognition plays a pivotal role in sports. It is widely recognized that there is an intriguing coupling that they could affect each other through interaction between visual cognition and motor control, but few studies linked the effects of visual cognitive tasks on landing stability to postural control and injury risk. RESEARCH QUESTION Whether visual cognitive tasks affect the landing stability and lower limb injury risk of professional soccer players? METHODS The current study used a three-dimensional Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task to simulate visual cognitive difficulties experienced in soccer matches. Fifteen male high-level soccer athletes (height: 181.43 ± 7.36 cm, weight: 75.37 ± 10.67 kg, training years: 10.07 ± 2.98 yr) from our school team were recruited and completed a landing action from a high platform with and without MOT tasks. Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and three-dimensional force measuring platform were used to collect various outcomes simultaneously. RESULTS The Time to Stabilization (TTS) during landing was significantly prolonged, while the Medial-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI), Anterior-Posterior Stability (APSI), Dynamic Postural Index Stability Index (DPSI), the trajectory lengths, and envelope area of COP during landing were also increased during MOT dual-task. DISCUSSION The decline of these indicators reflected the deterioration in postural stability and greater requirements for maintaining balance which could increase the risk of injury in soccer athletes. We advocate that adequate visual attention and visual information processing might play critical roles in maintaining dynamic balance through the supraspinal neural network.
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Mojaddarasil M, Sadigh MJ. Parametric analysis of landing injury : The effect of landing posture and joint displacement. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:755-772. [PMID: 34125408 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During landing, the lower limb joints work concertedly to reduce landing forces. Changing the biomechanics of one joint can alter landing strategies in other joints thus affecting the probability of injury. Therefore, understanding the mutual effects between the joints is crucial for the prevention of lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of joint displacement and initial contact posture on the impact forces and joint kinematics during drop landing, via computational modeling. The impact dynamics of drop landing is modeled by a three link planar model. Different landing scenarios are then simulated to investigate how restricting the displacement of one joint and changing its initial contact angle affect the other joints' ranges of motion, the trunk motion, and the impact forces. Our study suggests that the impact force increases by up to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], by restricting the hip, knee and ankle joints, respectively. Restricting each one of the hip and knee joints decreases the displacement of the other one. The association between the ankle displacement and the hip/knee motion depends on joints' stiffness and landing posture. Moreover, changing the landing posture affects the joints kinematics and impact forces significantly. A safe landing posture is a fore-foot landing with knee flexion angle of around 30° to 40° and a foot-ground angle of 40° to 55°, which decreases the impact force by more than [Formula: see text] in comparison to the erect posture with horizontal foot. The obtained results are of practical importance in training landing skills and designing force-reducing external components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mojaddarasil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Jafar Sadigh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
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Taylor JB, Wright ES, Waxman JP, Schmitz RJ, Groves JD, Shultz SJ. Ankle Dorsiflexion Affects Hip and Knee Biomechanics During Landing. Sports Health 2021; 14:328-335. [PMID: 34096370 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211019683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restricted ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) has been linked to lower extremity biomechanics that place an athlete at higher risk for injury. Whether reduced DFROM during dynamic movements is due to restrictions in joint motion or underutilization of available ankle DFROM motion is unclear. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that both lesser total ankle DFROM and underutilization of available motion would lead to high-risk biomechanics (ie, greater knee abduction, reduced knee flexion). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Nineteen active female athletes (age, 20.0 ± 1.3 years; height, 1.61 ± 0.06 m; mass, 67.0 ± 10.7 kg) participated. Maximal ankle DFROM (clinical measure of ankle DFROM [DF-CLIN]) was measured in a weightbearing position with the knee flexed. Lower extremity biomechanics were measured during a drop vertical jump with 3-dimensional motion and force plate analysis. The percent of available DFROM used during landing (DF-%USED) was calculated as the peak DFROM observed during landing divided by DF-CLIN. Univariate linear regressions were performed to identify whether DF-CLIN or DF-%USED predicted knee and hip biomechanics commonly associated with injury risk. RESULTS For every 1.0° less of DF-CLIN, there was a 1.0° decrease in hip flexion excursion (r2 = 0.21, P = 0.05), 1.2° decrease in peak knee flexion angles (r2 = 0.37, P = 0.01), 0.9° decrease in knee flexion excursion (r2 = 0.40, P = 0.004), 0.002 N·m·N-1·cm-1 decrease in hip extensor work (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.02), and 0.001 N·m·N-1·cm-1 decrease in knee extensor work (r2 = 0.21, P = 0.05). For every 10% less of DF-%USED, there was a 3.2° increase in peak knee abduction angles (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.03) and 0.01 N·m·N-1·cm-1 lesser knee extensor work (r2 = 0.25, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Lower levels of both ankle DFROM and DF-%USED are associated with biomechanics that are considered to be associated with a higher risk of sustaining injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While total ankle DFROM can predict some aberrant movement patterns, underutilization of available ankle DFROM can also lead to higher risk movement strategies. In addition to joint specific mobility training, clinicians should incorporate biomechanical interventions and technique feedback to promote the utilization of available motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Elena S Wright
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.,Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Healthcare Innovation, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Justin P Waxman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Randy J Schmitz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - James D Groves
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sandra J Shultz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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de Britto MA, Lemos AL, Dos Santos CS, Maroneze BM, Stoelben KJ, Carpes FP. Effects of a rebound shoe to reduce impact forces in jump-landing tasks. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 26:77-83. [PMID: 33992301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impact forces are risk factors for injuries during jump-landing tasks. Rebound shoes could reduce impact forces and show potential applications in training and rehabilitation programs. Here, we determine the capacity of a rebound shoe in attenuating impact forces during different motor tasks involving foot landing. DESIGN Crossover laboratory research design. SETTINGS Women not trained for jump-landing tasks performed different exercises while the vertical ground reaction force impact peak, time to peak, and asymmetries were determined. They were wearing a commercial rebound shoe and a control running shoe. Paired t-tests were used to compare the shoes and asymmetries. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen physically active women (average age of 23 years old, height of 1.64 m, and body mass of 63 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ground reaction forces. RESULTS The rebound shoe reduced the impact peak force and elicited slight asymmetries between the legs. The rebound shoe also showed a longer time to peak. CONCLUSIONS The rebound shoe tested reduced impact forces during jump-landing tasks, which is a potential application in training sessions and rehabilitation programs, requiring lower impact forces to the lower extremity. The effects of long-term use of these shoes still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana A de Britto
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa L Lemos
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno M Maroneze
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Jv Stoelben
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Increased Ankle Range of Motion Reduces Knee Loads During Landing in Healthy Adults. J Appl Biomech 2021; 37:333-342. [PMID: 33931575 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreased dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) can be modified using static stretching and joint mobilizations and may attenuate known knee anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors. It is not known how these interventions compare to each other and how they improve knee landing mechanics. This study's purpose was to determine the immediate effects of static stretching and joint mobilization interventions on DROM measurement changes and right-leg drop jump knee landing mechanics. Eighteen females and 7 males, all recreationally active, completed 2 study sessions. Active and passive DROM, the weight-bearing lunge test, the anterior reach portion of the Star Excursion Balance Test, and a right-leg drop jump landing task were completed before and after the intervention. Change in DROM (ΔDROM) was calculated for DROM assessments between preintervention and postintervention. Pairwise dependent t tests determined no differences in ΔDROM between interventions, and statistical parametric mapping determined increased knee flexion (P = .004) and decreased anterior shear force (P = .015) during landing after both interventions. Increased DROM improves sagittal plane displacement and loading at the knee. Stretching may be a more feasible option in a healthy population for those wanting to maintain range of motion and decrease knee injury risk without physical therapist involvement.
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Ihmels WD, Seymore KD, Brown TN. Effect of Sex and Ankle Brace Design on Knee Biomechanics During a Single-Leg Cut. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:1496-1504. [PMID: 32223652 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520911048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite success at preventing ankle sprain, prophylactics that restrict ankle plantarflexion motion may produce deleterious knee biomechanics and increase injury risk. PURPOSE To determine if ankle prophylactics that restrict plantar- and dorsiflexion motion produce changes in knee biomechanics during a single-leg cut and whether those changes differ between sexes. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 17 male and 17 female participants performed a single-leg cut with 4 conditions: Ankle Roll Guard (ARG), lace-up brace, nonelastic tape, and an unbraced control. Peak stance knee flexion, abduction, and internal rotation joint angle and moment; total knee reaction moment (TKM) and its components (sagittal, frontal, and transverse); and ankle plantarflexion and inversion range of motion (ROM) and peak stance joint moments were tested with a repeated measures analysis of variance to determine the main effect and interaction of condition and sex. RESULTS Brace and tape restricted plantarflexion ROM as compared with ARG and control (all P < .001). With the brace, women had increased peak knee abduction angle versus ARG (P = .012) and control (P = .009), and men had decreased peak knee internal rotation moment as compared with ARG (P = .032), control (P = .006), and tape (P = .003). Although the restrictive tape decreased inversion ROM when compared with ARG (P = .004) and brace (P = .017), it did not change knee biomechanics. Neither brace nor tape produced significant changes in TKM or components, yet sagittal TKM increased with ARG versus control (P = .016). Women exhibited less ankle inversion ROM (P = .003) and moment (P = .049) than men, while men exhibited significantly greater frontal TKM (P = .022) and knee internal rotation moment with the ARG (P = .029), control (P = .007), and tape (P = .016). CONCLUSION Prophylactics that restrict ankle plantarflexion motion may elicit knee biomechanical changes during a single-leg cut, but these changes may depend on prophylactic design and user's sex and may increase women's injury risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sex-specific ankle prophylactic designs may be warranted to reduce knee injury during sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt D Ihmels
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Kayla D Seymore
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Tyler N Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
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Bessone V, Petrat J, Schwirtz A. Ground Reaction Forces and Kinematics of Ski Jump Landing Using Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2011. [PMID: 31035683 PMCID: PMC6539877 DOI: 10.3390/s19092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past, technological issues limited research focused on ski jump landing. Today, thanks to the development of wearable sensors, it is possible to analyze the biomechanics of athletes without interfering with their movements. The aims of this study were twofold. Firstly, the quantification of the kinetic magnitude during landing is performed using wireless force insoles while 22 athletes jumped during summer training on the hill. In the second part, the insoles were combined with inertial motion units (IMUs) to determine the possible correlation between kinematics and kinetics during landing. The maximal normal ground reaction force (GRFmax) ranged between 1.1 and 5.3 body weight per foot independently when landing using the telemark or parallel leg technique. The GRFmax and impulse were correlated with flying time (p < 0.001). The hip flexions/extensions and the knee and hip rotations of the telemark front leg correlated with GRFmax (r = 0.689, p = 0.040; r = -0.670, p = 0.048; r = 0.820, p = 0.007; respectively). The force insoles and their combination with IMUs resulted in promising setups to analyze landing biomechanics and to provide in-field feedback to the athletes, being quick to place and light, without limiting movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bessone
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Petrat
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
- Olympic Training Center of Bavaria, 80809 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ansgar Schwirtz
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
- Olympic Training Center of Bavaria, 80809 Munich, Germany.
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Stanley LE, Harkey M, Luc-Harkey B, Frank BS, Pietrosimone B, Blackburn JT, Padua DA. Ankle Dorsiflexion displacement is associated with hip and knee kinematics in females following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Res Sports Med 2018; 27:21-33. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1502180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Stanley
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittney Luc-Harkey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barnett S. Frank
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Troy Blackburn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin A. Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bruyneel AV, Bertrand M, Mesure S. Influence of foot position and vision on dynamic postural strategies during the "grand plié" ballet movement (squatting) in young and adult ballet dancers. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:22-28. [PMID: 29729353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse dynamic postural strategies during the "grand plié" in two different foot positions (parallel or turned out), with and without vision, and as a function of age in ballet dancers. METHOD Twenty young dancers (YD) aged from 8 to 16 years, and 20 adult dancers (AD) aged from 17 to 30 years were recruited. Center of pressure (CoP) and ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded (500 Hz) during the grand plié (lowering, squatting and rising). This movement was tested with the feet parallel and with both lower limbs turned out (foot angle >140°), with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Groups were compared using Student t-tests. Repeated analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of eyes and foot conditions, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS The results of this study showed that dynamic postural strategies during the "grand plié" ballet movement are influenced by age, foot position and visual condition. CoP displacement length (p < 0.003) and CoP speed (p < 0.003) were higher in YD compared with AD. CoP surface (p < 0.05), mediolateral CoP speed (p < 0.048) and GRF parameters, particularly the mediolateral (p < 0.049), were higher than in the parallel than the turned out position. In both groups all CoP (p < 0.042) and GRF parameters (p < 0.049), except the vertical component, were higher with EC than EO. CONCLUSION The effect of foot position was greatest with EO. The parallel position was less stable. The YD were more unstable in the parallel position, particularly with EC. For both groups, the lack of vision increased instability. These results show the importance of integrating balance training in a variety of foot positions and visual conditions, particularly during the initial stages of training to prevent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Violette Bruyneel
- Department of Physiotherapy, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Serge Mesure
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille, France
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Kouhzad Mohammadi H, Mehravar M, Khademi Kalantari K, Naimi SS, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Okhovatian F, Rezasoltani A, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Taheri N. A comparison of lower limb muscle activation pattern using voluntary response index between pronated and normal foot structures during forward jump landing. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:379-384. [PMID: 29861238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronated of the foot is one of the important factors contributing to musculoskeletal problems affecting the lower extremities. It is known that in a pronated foot, excessive mechanical load is applied to the lower limb structures which may result in altered biomechanics and muscle activation patterns. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the muscle activation pattern of the lower extremities in individuals with pronated, compared to normal, feet, using the voluntary response index (VRI). METHODS In this cross sectional study, 15 asymptomatic pronated foot individuals (mean age 23.27 ± 3.28 years) and 15 normal subjects (mean age 23.40 ± 3.11 years) were recruited by simple non-random sampling. Electrical activities of gluteus medius (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris, semitendinosus (ST), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were recorded during a forward jump landing task. Voluntary response index (VRI) variables, included similarity index (SI) and magnitude (Mag) were also evaluated. RESULTS Muscle activity of VM (p < 0.001) and ST (p = 0.010) were significantly higher but VL (p = 0.039) and MG (p = 0.001) were significantly lower in pronated foot, compared to normal subjects. Similarity index was found to be different (p < 0.001) between pronated foot and healthy individuals. No significant difference was found in terms of Mag between the two groups (p = 0.576). CONCLUSION The altered pattern of lower limb muscle activation identified in the pronated foot during landing may be attributed to the different activation involving VL, VM, MG and ST muscles. Adaptations to the biomechanical effects, due to the pronated foot causing altered activation of VL, VM, MG, and ST muscles, results in an altered pattern of muscle activation. This change in activation pattern may harm the effectiveness of movement control processes; and might also predispose individuals with pronated feet, to injuries. It seems that an altered motor strategy with the aim of minimizing biomechanical changes, predisposes individuals to injuries. However, further large scale studies are needed to support the findings of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Kouhzad Mohammadi
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehravar
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Khosro Khademi Kalantari
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedighe Sadat Naimi
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Rezasoltani
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohseni Bandpei
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Navid Taheri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wanke EM, Schmidt M, Klingelhöfer D, Leslie-Spinks J, Ohlendorf D, Groneberg DA. Work-related floors as injury hazards - a nationwide pilot project analyzing floors in theatres and education establishments in Germany. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28596798 PMCID: PMC5463343 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adequate dance floor is said to prevent injuries. On the basis of scientific research, numerous recommendations regarding an adequate dance floor have been developed. Up to the present, however, studies have still been lacking into how far these recommendations have already been implemented in theatres with regular dance productions and/or in-house dance ensembles. The aim of this study is to analyze a nationwide survey on dance floors of theatres and education establishments in Germany. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey on existence and type of floors in the various dance-related working areas was carried out at theatres and education establishments institutions (n = 86 institutions (n = 76 theatres, n = 10 education establishments). References as to region, size of dance ensembles and dance styles performed were created. RESULTS Of all education establishments, 75.3% were equipped with a sprung sub-floor in the ballet studios. In contrast, sprung sub-floors were only found in 29.7% of the working areas, the stage AND ballet studios in theatres. The percentage of theatres providing sprung sub-floors in all rooms used by dancers is even lower. Considering all dance-related work areas, larger ensembles (>30 dancers) were offered better conditions regarding floors than smaller ensembles (p > 0.001). No significant tendencies were found regarding regions or dance styles. CONCLUSION Recommendations concerning an appropriate dance floor have only partly been realized. Besides secured finances for reinstallation, further education of responsible officials and artists is essential. However, accrediting dance as own genre in theatres is the indispensable prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Wanke
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Schmidt
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science University of Hamburg, Mollerstraße 10, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Klingelhöfer
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jeremy Leslie-Spinks
- School of Performing Arts, University of Wolverhampton, Gorway Rd, Walsall, West Midlands WS1 3BD England
| | - Daniela Ohlendorf
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Klem NR, Wild CY, Williams SA, Ng L. Effect of External Ankle Support on Ankle and Knee Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Basketball Players. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:685-691. [PMID: 27872123 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516673988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of lower extremity injuries in female basketball players as well as a high proportion of athletes who wear ankle braces, there is a paucity of research pertaining to the effects of ankle bracing on ankle and knee biomechanics during basketball-specific tasks. PURPOSE To compare the effects of a lace-up brace (ASO), a hinged brace (Active T2), and no ankle bracing (control) on ankle and knee joint kinematics and joint reaction forces in female basketball athletes during a cutting maneuver. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Twenty healthy, semi-elite female basketball players performed a cutting task under both ankle brace conditions (lace-up ankle brace and hinged ankle brace) and a no-brace condition. The 3-dimensional kinematics of the ankle and knee during the cutting maneuver were measured with an 18-camera motion analysis system (250 Hz), and ground-reaction force data were collected by use of a multichannel force plate (2000 Hz) to quantify ankle and knee joint reaction forces. Conditions were randomized using a block randomization method. RESULTS Compared with the control condition, the hinged ankle brace significantly restricted peak ankle inversion (mean difference, 1.7°; P = .023). No significant difference was found between the lace-up brace and the control condition ( P = .865). Compared with the lace-up brace, the hinged brace significantly reduced ankle and knee joint compressive forces at the time of peak ankle dorsiflexion (mean difference, 1.5 N/kg [ P = .018] and 1.4 N/kg [ P = .013], respectively). Additionally, the hinged ankle brace significantly reduced knee anterior shear forces compared with the lace-up brace both during the deceleration phase and at peak ankle dorsiflexion (mean difference, 0.8 N/kg [ P = .018] and 0.9 N/kg [ P = .011], respectively). CONCLUSION The hinged ankle brace significantly reduced ankle inversion compared with the no-brace condition and reduced ankle and knee joint forces compared with the lace-up brace in a female basketball population during a cutting task. Compared with the lace-up brace, the hinged brace may be a better choice of prophylactic ankle support for female basketball players from a biomechanical perspective. However, both braces increased knee internal rotation and knee abduction angles, which may be problematic for a population that already has a high prevalence of knee injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardia-Rose Klem
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine Y Wild
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sian A Williams
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leo Ng
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Valenzuela KA, Bhaskaran D, Hummer C, Schefano A, Zhang S. Effects of a combined inversion and plantarflexion surface on knee and hip kinematics during landing. Sports Biomech 2016; 15:429-39. [PMID: 27241950 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1174285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although landing in a plantarflexion and inversion position is a well-known characteristic of lateral ankle sprains, the associated kinematics of the knee and hip is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the changes in knee and hip kinematics during landings on an altered landing surface of combined plantarflexion and inversion. Participants performed five drop landings from 30 cm onto a trapdoor platform in three different conditions: flat landing surface, 25° inversion, or a combined 25° plantarflexion and 25° inversion. Kinematic data were collected using a seven camera motion capture system. A 2 × 3 (leg × surface) repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The combined surface showed decreased knee and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) and increased knee abduction ROM (p < 0.05). The altered landing surface creates a stiff landing pattern where reductions in sagittal plane motion are transferred to the frontal plane, resulting in increased knee abduction. A stiff landing pattern is frequently related to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. It may be beneficial for athletes at risk to train for alternate methods of increasing their sagittal plane motion of the knee and hip with active knee or trunk flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Valenzuela
- a Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Divya Bhaskaran
- b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Minnesota, Twin Cities , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Cicily Hummer
- a Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Antonio Schefano
- a Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | - Songning Zhang
- a Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sports Studies, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
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Wahlstedt C, Rasmussen-Barr E. Anterior cruciate ligament injury and ankle dorsiflexion. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:3202-7. [PMID: 24923690 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-3123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to study whether the degree of ankle dorsiflexion differs between subjects with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and uninjured controls. Another aim was to study ankle dorsiflexion between the injured and the uninjured leg and in addition between women and men with an ACL injury. METHOD Sixty subjects (ACL injury, n = 30 and controls, n = 30) were enroled consecutively at two physical therapy settings. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured with a goniometer in a standardized way in a weight-bearing lunge position. RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in ankle dorsiflexion between subjects with an ACL injury (mean 41.1° SD 5.7) and those without (mean 46.6° SD 5.3). No difference in ankle dorsiflexion was found between the injured leg and the uninjured or between women and men with ACL injury. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest lower degree of ankle dorsiflexion in subjects with an ACL injury than in uninjured controls. A functional test measuring ankle dorsiflexion with a goniometer may be one way of identifying individuals at increased risk of ACL injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Comparative study, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Wahlstedt
- Uppsala University, S:t Olofsgatan 10B, 753 12, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Täby Rehab Center, Kemistvägen 1, 18379, Täby, Sweden.
| | - Eva Rasmussen-Barr
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Sobrino FJ, de la Cuadra C, Guillén P. Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet: Injury-Based Differences Among Ballet Disciplines. Orthop J Sports Med 2015; 3:2325967115590114. [PMID: 26665100 PMCID: PMC4622371 DOI: 10.1177/2325967115590114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite overuse injuries being previously described as the most frequent in ballet, there are no studies on professional dancers providing the specific clinical diagnoses or type of injury based on the discipline. Hypothesis Overuse injuries are the most frequent injuries in ballet, with differences in the type and frequency of injuries based on discipline. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed between January 1, 2005, and October 10, 2010, on injuries occurring in professional dancers from leading Spanish dance companies who practiced disciplines such as classical, neoclassical, contemporary, and Spanish ballet. Data, including type of injury, were obtained from specialized medical services at the Trauma Service, Fremap, Madrid, Spain. Results A total of 486 injuries were evaluated, a significant number of which were overuse disorders (P < .0001), especially in the most technically demanding discipline of classical ballet (82.60%). Injuries were more frequent among female dancers (75.90%) and classical ballet (83.60%). A statistically significant prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome was found in the classical discipline (P = .007). Injuries of the adductor muscles of the thigh (P = .001) and of the low back facet (P = .02) in the Spanish ballet discipline and lateral snapping hip (P = .02) in classical and Spanish ballet disciplines were significant. Conclusion Overuse injuries were the most frequent injuries among the professional dancers included in this study. The prevalence of injuries was greater for the most technically demanding discipline (classical ballet) as well as for women. Patellofemoral pain syndrome was the most prevalent overuse injury, followed by Achilles tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy, and mechanical low back pain. Clinical Relevance Specific clinical diagnoses and injury-based differences between the disciplines are a key factor in ballet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crótida de la Cuadra
- Departament of Embriology and Human Anatomy II, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Guillén
- Clínica CEMTRO, Madrid, Spain. ; School of Sports Traumatology, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
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Schmitz A, Buczek FL, Bruening D, Rainbow MJ, Cooney K, Thelen D. Comparison of hierarchical and six degrees-of-freedom marker sets in analyzing gait kinematics. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 19:199-207. [PMID: 25800981 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1006208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how marker spacing, noise, and joint translations affect joint angle calculations using both a hierarchical and a six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) marker set. A simple two-segment model demonstrates that a hierarchical marker set produces biased joint rotation estimates when sagittal joint translations occur whereas a 6DoF marker set mitigates these bias errors with precision improving with increased marker spacing. These effects were evident in gait simulations where the 6DoF marker set was shown to be more accurate at tracking axial rotation angles at the hip, knee, and ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schmitz
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Frank L Buczek
- b Shriners Hospitals for Children® , Erie , PA , USA.,c OMM and MSK Research, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM) , 1858 West Grandview Blvd, Erie , PA , 16509 , USA
| | | | - Michael J Rainbow
- d Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Kevin Cooney
- b Shriners Hospitals for Children® , Erie , PA , USA
| | - Darryl Thelen
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA.,e Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA.,f Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA
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Quadriceps and hamstrings prelanding myoelectric activity during landing from different heights among male and female athletes. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:508-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Padua DA, Bell DR, Clark MA. Neuromuscular characteristics of individuals displaying excessive medial knee displacement. J Athl Train 2013; 47:525-36. [PMID: 23068590 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Knee-valgus motion is a potential risk factor for certain lower extremity injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament injury and patellofemoral pain. Identifying neuromuscular characteristics associated with knee-valgus motion, such as hip and lower leg muscle activation, may improve our ability to prevent lower extremity injuries. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that hip and lower leg muscle-activation amplitude would differ among individuals displaying knee valgus (medial knee displacement) during a double-legged squat compared with those who did not display knee valgus. We further suggested that the use of a heel lift would alter lower leg muscle activation and frontal-plane knee motion in those demonstrating medial knee displacement. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 37 healthy participants were assigned to the control (n = 19) or medial-knee-displacement (n = 18) group based on their double-legged squat performance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Muscle-activation amplitude for the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, adductor magnus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior was measured during 2 double-legged squat tasks. The first task consisted of performing a double-legged squat without a heel lift; the second consisted of performing a double-legged squat task with a 2-in (5.08-cm) lift under the heels. RESULTS Muscle-activation amplitude for the hip adductor, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior was greater in those who displayed knee valgus than in those who did not (P < .05). Also, use of heel lifts resulted in decreased activation of the gluteus maximus, hip adductor, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles (P < .05). Use of heel lifts also eliminated medially directed frontal-plane knee motion in those displaying medial knee displacement. CONCLUSIONS Medial knee displacement during squatting tasks appears to be associated with increased hip-adductor activation and increased co-activation of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin A Padua
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, 216 Fetzer Gym, CB#8700, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Pappas E, Carpes FP. Lower extremity kinematic asymmetry in male and female athletes performing jump-landing tasks. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Time to stability differences between male and female dancers after landing from a jump on flat and inclined floors. Clin J Sport Med 2011; 21:325-9. [PMID: 21694591 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31821f5cfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of gender and inclined floor on time to stability (TTS) after landing from a vertical jump. DESIGN This study used a repeated measures design with male and female professional dancers landing on a flat and 4 inclined floors. A repeated measures univariate analysis of variance (gender × floor) was performed on TTS in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. SETTING Biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three female and 13 male professional dancers. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Gender and floor inclination (flat, posterior, anterior, lateral, and medial). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to stability in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions after landing from a vertical jump. RESULTS Female dancers exhibited longer TTS in both directions (P ≤ 0.05). Floor inclination or the interaction of gender × floor did not have an effect on TTS (P > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS Female dancers exhibited longer TTS after landing from a vertical jump compared with their male counterparts. This balance difference may be a factor related to the higher rate of ankle sprain among female dancers. Additionally, professional dancers exhibited similar TTS when landing on flat and inclined floors.
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Fong CM, Blackburn JT, Norcross MF, McGrath M, Padua DA. Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion and landing biomechanics. J Athl Train 2011; 46:5-10. [PMID: 21214345 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A smaller amount of ankle-dorsiflexion displacement during landing is associated with less knee-flexion displacement and greater ground reaction forces, and greater ground reaction forces are associated with greater knee-valgus displacement. Additionally, restricted dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) is associated with greater knee-valgus displacement during landing and squatting tasks. Because large ground reaction forces and valgus displacement and limited knee-flexion displacement during landing are anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors, dorsiflexion ROM restrictions may be associated with a greater risk of ACL injury. However, it is unclear whether clinical measures of dorsiflexion ROM are associated with landing biomechanics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate relationships between dorsiflexion ROM and landing biomechanics. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five healthy, physically active volunteers. INTERVENTION(S) Passive dorsiflexion ROM was assessed under extended-knee and flexed-knee conditions. Landing biomechanics were assessed via an optical motion-capture system interfaced with a force plate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Dorsiflexion ROM was measured in degrees using goniometry. Knee-flexion and knee-valgus displacements and vertical and posterior ground reaction forces were calculated during the landing task. Simple correlations were used to evaluate relationships between dorsiflexion ROM and each biomechanical variable. RESULTS Significant correlations were noted between extended-knee dorsiflexion ROM and knee-flexion displacement (r = 0.464, P = .029) and vertical (r = -0.411, P = .014) and posterior (r = -0.412, P = .014) ground reaction forces. All correlations for flexed-knee dorsiflexion ROM and knee-valgus displacement were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Greater dorsiflexion ROM was associated with greater knee-flexion displacement and smaller ground reaction forces during landing, thus inducing a landing posture consistent with reduced ACL injury risk and limiting the forces the lower extremity must absorb. These findings suggest that clinical techniques to increase plantar-flexor extensibility and dorsiflexion ROM may be important additions to ACL injury-prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Man Fong
- Athletic Training Services, Boston University, MA, USA
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