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Magesan K, Nangia P, Manoharan A, Sitaula RK, Srikantiah C, Biswas J. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated uveitis in India - A case series. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:677-680. [PMID: 38099362 PMCID: PMC11168564 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1579_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the uveitic manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of all SLE cases with ocular manifestations seen by a single ophthalmologist between 2015 and December 2021. RESULTS In total, seven patients with a median age of 40 (range 18-50) years were included in the study. Female (85.7%) predominance was noted. Ocular findings were bilateral in 71% (five patients) of cases. Majority (10 eyes, 83%) of the patients had retinal vasculitis as the common finding. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in all the patients. The vision improved in two (16.6%) eyes, was stable in eight (66%) eyes, and worsened in one (8%) eye. All the patients were treated with oral steroids along with immunosuppressive agents. CONCLUSION Though SLE is rare cause of uveitis, it can be associated with significant ocular morbidity. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment can salvage vision in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsigan Magesan
- Department of Uvea, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purna Nangia
- Department of Uvea, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Manoharan
- Department of Uvea, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranju K Sitaula
- Department of Uvea, Uveitis Specialist, BPKLCOS, IOM, TU, Nepal
| | - Chandrashekara Srikantiah
- Department of Uvea, ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Center and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of Uvea, Medical and Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ishizu A, Kawakami T, Kanno H, Takahashi K, Miyazaki T, Ikeda E, Oharaseki T, Ogawa Y, Onimaru M, Kurata M, Nakazawa D, Muso E, Harigai M. Expert perspectives on pathological findings in vasculitis. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 33:1-11. [PMID: 35535676 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathological findings are important in the diagnosis of vasculitis. However, due to the rarity of the disease, standard textbooks usually devote only a few pages to this topic, and this makes it difficult for clinicians not specializing in vasculitis to fully understand the pathological findings in vasculitis. To address the paucity of information, we present representative pathological findings in vasculitis classified in the 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides (CHCC2012). The CHCC2012 classifies 26 vasculitides into seven categories: (1) large-vessel vasculitis, (2) medium-vessel vasculitis, (3) small-vessel vasculitis, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and immune complex small-vessel vasculitis, (4) variable-vessel vasculitis, (5) single-organ vasculitis, (6) vasculitis associated with systemic disease, and (7) vasculitis associated with probable aetiology. Moreover, representative pathological findings of vasculitis-related diseases and non-inflammatory vasculopathy not mentioned in the CHCC2012 are also presented. This will be useful for clinicians to refer to typical pathological findings of vasculitis in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamihiro Kawakami
- Division of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Oharaseki
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ogawa
- Hokkaido Renal Pathology Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuho Onimaru
- Division of Pathophysiological and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eri Muso
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Histology of Skin Alterations in Lupus Erythematosus. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder showing a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations.
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of skin histology and different types of lupus erythematosus.
Materials and methods: Fifty-one skin specimens were assessed from 39 female and 12 male patients with acute, subcutaneous and chronic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed and treated in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Alexandrovska University Hospital for a 4-year period.
Results: Follicular hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, vacuolar degeneration and interface dermatitis were the most frequently observed lesions in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus while diffuse hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy and indistinct interface dermatitis in the dermis were predominant in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus tumidus, a rare intermittent variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, showed almost no epidermal involvement and mucin deposition in the dermis. However, in one of our lupus tumidus patients the disease progressed to a systemic form with histological changes of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus including atrophy, dermal-epidermal smoothing and lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis. Of note, a few patients showed histological changes of urticarial vasculitis-like and rheumatic-like patterns.
Conclusion: The correlation of clinical course, histopathological findings and immunological tests are of vital importance for the correct diagnosis and follow up of patients with lupus erythematodes, thus preventing complications and improving their quality of life.
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Hsu T, Nguyen P, Petronic-Rosic V. A case of SLE with cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 21:93-96. [PMID: 35198710 PMCID: PMC8850554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hsu
- Division of Dermatology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence to: Tina Hsu, MD, Division of Dermatology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1950 West Polk Street, 4th Floor, Room 37, Chicago, IL 60612.
| | - Peter Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vesna Petronic-Rosic
- Division of Dermatology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
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Leone P, Prete M, Malerba E, Bray A, Susca N, Ingravallo G, Racanelli V. Lupus Vasculitis: An Overview. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111626. [PMID: 34829857 PMCID: PMC8615745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus vasculitis (LV) is one of the secondary vasculitides occurring in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in approximately 50% of patients. It is most commonly associated with small vessels, but medium-sized vessels can also be affected, whereas large vessel involvement is very rare. LV may involve different organ systems and present in a wide variety of clinical manifestations according to the size and site of the vessels involved. LV usually portends a poor prognosis, and a prompt diagnosis is fundamental for a good outcome. The spectrum of involvement ranges from a relatively mild disease affecting small vessels or a single organ to a multiorgan system disease with life-threatening manifestations, such as mesenteric vasculitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, or mononeuritis multiplex. Treatment depends upon the organs involved and the severity of the vasculitis process. In this review, we provide an overview of the different forms of LV, describing their clinical impact and focusing on the available treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonella Bray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Susca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
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González-Regueiro JA, Cruz-Contreras M, Merayo-Chalico J, Barrera-Vargas A, Ruiz-Margáin A, Campos-Murguía A, Espin-Nasser M, Martínez-Benítez B, Méndez-Cano VH, Macías-Rodríguez RU. Hepatic manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 29:813-824. [PMID: 32390496 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320923398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organic autoimmune disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. However, hepatic dysfunction is not included in the diagnostic criteria for the disease and has not been recognized properly. The spectrum of hepatic involvement described in these patients ranges from abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) to fulminant hepatic failure. Usually, abnormalities in LFTs are only mild and transient, have a hepatocellular pattern and are not related to SLE but rather are mostly drug related. The most frequent finding on liver biopsy is steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Patients do not frequently progress to advanced chronic liver disease, and their outcome is favourable. Those who develop cirrhosis have traditional risk factors, such as other non-SLE-related conditions. In this work, we aim to review hepatic manifestations in patients with SLE, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches used for different liver diseases in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González-Regueiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Cruz-Contreras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Merayo-Chalico
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Barrera-Vargas
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Astrid Ruiz-Margáin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Campos-Murguía
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - May Espin-Nasser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benítez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor H Méndez-Cano
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo U Macías-Rodríguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kato Y, Ohashi T, Yamamoto T. Two cases of lupus arteritis: a rare type of cutaneous lupus vasculitis. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:E85-E87. [PMID: 30548253 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takenobu Ohashi
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Yeh K, Lai CC. Canalicular melt secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a pediatric patient. Can J Ophthalmol 2018; 54:e113-e115. [PMID: 31109494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaileen Yeh
- Colorado Health Foundation, Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Denver, CO; Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego Hospital, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chun-Chieh Lai
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan..
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Vasculite digital inicial em uma grande coorte multicêntrica de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico de início na infância. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Sakamoto AP, Silva CA, Silva MFCD, Lopes AS, Russo GCS, Sallum AME, Kozu K, Bonfá E, Saad-Magalhães C, Pereira RMR, Len CA, Terreri MT. Initial digital vasculitis in a large multicenter cohort of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017; 57:583-589. [PMID: 29050884 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess clinical digital vasculitis (DV) as an initial manifestation of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) within a large population. METHODS Multicenter cross-sectional study including 852 cSLE patients (ACR criteria) followed in ten Pediatric Rheumatology centers in São Paulo State, Brazil. RESULTS DV was observed in 25/852 (3%) cSLE patients. Periungual hemorrhage was diagnosed in 12 (48%), periungual infarction in 7 (28%), tip finger ulceration in 4 (16%), painful nodules in 1 (4%) and gangrene in 1 (4%). A poor outcome, with digital resorption, occurred in 5 (20%). Comparison of patients with and without DV revealed higher frequency of malar rash (80% vs. 53%, p=0.008), discoid rash (16% vs. 4%, p=0.017), photosensitivity (76% vs. 45%, p=0.002) and other cutaneous vasculitides (80% vs. 19%, p<0.0001), whereas the frequency of overall constitutional features (32% vs. 61%, p=0.003), fever (32% vs. 56%, p=0.020) and hepatomegaly (4% vs. 23%, p=0.026) were lower in these patients. Frequency of female gender, severe multi-organ involvement, autoantibodies profile and low complement were alike in both groups (p>0.05). SLEDAI-2K median, DV descriptor excluded, was significantly lower in patients with DV compared to those without this manifestation [10 (0-28) vs. 14 (0-58), p=0.004]. Visceral vasculitis or death were not observed in this cSLE cohort. The frequency of cyclophosphamide use (0% vs. 18%, p=0.014) was significantly lower in the DV group. CONCLUSION Our large multicenter study identified clinical DV as one of the rare initial manifestation of active cSLE associated with a mild multisystemic disease, in spite of digital resorption in some of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Felipe Castro da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anandreia Simões Lopes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Maluf Elias Sallum
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Kozu
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfá
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Saad-Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Arnaldo Len
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Terreri
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zhu Y, Xue Z, Di L. Regulation of MiR-146a and TRAF6 in the Diagnose of Lupus Nephritis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2550-2557. [PMID: 28549054 PMCID: PMC5455804 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study tested miR-146a and its target gene TRAF6 expression in LN patients and discussed their relationship with LN. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty-eight LN patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MiR-146a and TRAF6 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected. Serum cytokines content was determined by ELISA. The diagnostic role of miR-146a and TRAF6 in LN activity was evaluated by ROC curve. The impact of miR-146a and TRAF6 on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was compared by survival curve. The effect of miR-146a and TRAF6 on LN recurrence was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, miR-146a expression was significantly reduced and TRAF6 was upregulated in LN patients. The expression was related to LN activity. MiR-146a expression was negatively correlated, whereas TRAF6 was positively correlated with serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α activity. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of miR-146a and TRAF6 on the diagnosis of LN was 0.821 and 0.897, respectively. The AUC of miR-146a and TRAF6 on LN activity differentiation was 0.921 and 0.872, respectively. Downregulation of miR-146a and upregulation of TRAF6 increased the incidence of ESRD progression. Downregulation of miR-146a and upregulation of TRAF6 elevated the possibility of recurrence within one year. CONCLUSIONS MiR-146a declined, while TRAF6 increased in LN patients compared with healthy controls. Their expression can be used to effectively differentiate LN and evaluate activity. MiR-146a reduction and TRAF6 upregulation increased the possibility of ESRD progress and recurrence within one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenzhen Xue
- Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lizhe Di
- Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Sharma A, Dhooria A, Aggarwal A, Rathi M, Chandran V. Connective Tissue Disorder-Associated Vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2017; 18:31. [PMID: 27097818 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vasculitides secondary to connective tissue diseases are classified under the category of 'vasculitis associated with systemic disease' in the revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) nomenclature. These secondary vasculitides may affect any of the small, medium or large vessels and usually portend a poor prognosis. Any organ system can be involved and the presentation would vary depending upon that involvement. Treatment depends upon the type and severity of presentation. In this review, we describe secondary vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, relapsing polychondritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome and idiopathic inflammatory myositis, focusing mainly on recent advances in the past 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012.
| | - Aadhaar Dhooria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012
| | - Manish Rathi
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, & Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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VASCULITE CUTANEA DE CURSO AGRESSIVO EM LUPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTEMICO: RELATO DE CASO. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2017.07.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Anquetil C, Stavris C, Chanson N, Lambert M, Hachulla E, Launay D, Hatron PY. [Hemorrhagic shock revealing multiple digestive microaneurysms in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: Case report and literature review]. Rev Med Interne 2016; 38:56-60. [PMID: 27036226 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vascular disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) result from various mechanisms and presentations (inflammatory disease or vasculitis, atherosclerosis). CASE REPORT We report on a 34-year-old man with cutaneous, articular, neurological and nephrologic SLE. He presented with catastrophic haemorrhage on microaneurysm rupture of the left hepatic artery. After blood transfusions and immunosuppressive treatments, his condition improves. CONCLUSION Uncommon complication in SLE patients, digestive vasculitis with microaneurysms may occur as in polyarteritis nodosa. In the literature, we identified 10 additional cases of hepatic microaneurysms in SLE patients. The main issue is an earlier diagnosis in order to give appropriate treatment and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anquetil
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Stavris
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France
| | - N Chanson
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Lambert
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France
| | - E Hachulla
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France; LIRIC, UMR 995, EA2686, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Launay
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France; LIRIC, UMR 995, EA2686, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - P Y Hatron
- UFR de médecine, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, pôle spécialités médicales et gérontologie, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Centre national de référence maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares (sclérodermie systémique), 59037 Lille cedex, France; FHU Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies (IMMInENT), 59000 Lille, France
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Yin NC, Choudhary S, Freedman JR, Kerdel FA, Milikowski C. Localized vasculitis in newly formed striae: a unique manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:e581-3. [PMID: 25267319 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Yin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Chance, genetics, and the heterogeneity of disease and pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:495-517. [PMID: 25102991 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkably complex and heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease. Disease complexity within individuals and heterogeneity among individuals, even genetically identical individuals, is driven by stochastic execution of a complex inherited program. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have progressively improved understanding of which genes are most critical to the potential for SLE and provided illuminating insight about the immune mechanisms that are engaged in SLE. What initiates expression of the genetic program to cause SLE within an individual and how that program is initiated remains poorly understood. If we extrapolate from all of the different experimental mouse models for SLE, we can begin to appreciate why SLE is so heterogeneous and consequently why prediction of disease outcome is so difficult. In this review, we critically evaluate extrinsic versus intrinsic cellular functions in the clearance and elimination of cellular debris and how dysfunction in that system may promote autoimmunity to nuclear antigens. We also examine several mouse models genetically prone to SLE either because of natural inheritance or inheritance of induced mutations to illustrate how different immune mechanisms may initiate autoimmunity and affect disease pathogenesis. Finally, we describe the heterogeneity of disease manifestations in SLE and discuss the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis with emphasis on glomerulonephritis. Particular attention is given to discussion of how anti-DNA autoantibody initiates experimental lupus nephritis (LN) in mice.
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19
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The variant of CD11b, rs1143679 within ITGAM, is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical manifestations in Brazilian patients. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Donnithorne KJ, Read RW, Lowe R, Weiser P, Cron RQ, Beukelman T. Retinal vasculitis in two pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013; 11:25. [PMID: 23734963 PMCID: PMC3682897 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two pediatric female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with decreased vision. Both patients were found to have retinal vasculitis and occlusive disease. The first patient also presented with vitreous hemorrhage and later non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. She was treated with panretinal photocoagulation and steroid therapy and later in her disease course was treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide. Her vision remained decreased. The second patient was treated with rituximab and monthly cyclophosphamide infusions early in her disease course, and her vision improved dramatically. The difference in the presentations and outcomes of these two pediatric patients with SLE highlights the spectrum of severity of SLE retinopathy. We suggest that early recognition of disease and early intervention with B-cell depletion therapy in addition to a traditional cytotoxic agent should be considered in pediatric patients with SLE and occlusive retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Donnithorne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Russell W Read
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Randy Q Cron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy Beukelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Immune complexes activate human endothelium involving the cell-signaling HMGB1-RAGE axis in the pathogenesis of lupus vasculitis. J Transl Med 2013; 93:626-38. [PMID: 23628898 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of immune complexes (ICs), which contain a complex mixture of autoantigens nucleic acids, nucleic acids-associated proteins and corresponding autoantibodies. In SLE, ICs are deposited in multiple organs. Vasculopathy and vasculitis in SLE are typical complications and are associated with deposition of ICs on endothelium, endothelial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, the effects of ICs on endothelial cells and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated for the first time that ICs upregulated cell surface expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), increased the secretion of the chemokines interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), the proinflammatoy cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and promoted the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB p65 in human endothelial cells (P<0.05). ICs also increased transendothelial migration of monocytes (P<0.05). One of the mechanisms underlying these activating effects of ICs on human endothelial cells involves cell signaling by high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)-RAGE axis, as these effects can be partially blocked by HMGB1 A-box, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), SB203580, PD98059, Bay 117082 (P<0.05) and co-treatment with these agents (P<0.05). In conclusion, ICs elicit proinflammatory responses in human endothelial cells and alter their function involving cellular signaling via the HMGB1-RAGE axis in the pathogenesis of SLE vasculitis.
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22
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Schoeb TR, Jarmi T, Hicks MJ, Henke S, Zarjou A, Suzuki H, Kramer P, Novak J, Agarwal A, Bullard DC. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibits the development of autoimmune-mediated vasculitis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:4114-24. [PMID: 22933338 DOI: 10.1002/art.37683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many different genes or mediators have been implicated in promoting the development of vasculitis, although little is known regarding the mechanisms that normally act to suppress lesion formation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been shown to inhibit vascular inflammation in many different model systems, but its roles in the pathogenesis of vasculitis have not been elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine the functions of eNOS in the initiation and progression of vasculitic lesion formation. METHODS MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice lacking the gene for eNOS (Nos3(-/-) ) were generated and comprehensively evaluated and compared to controls with regard to the development of autoimmune disease, including vasculitic lesion formation and glomerulonephritis. RESULTS Nos3(-/-) MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice exhibited accelerated onset and increased incidence of renal vasculitis compared to Nos3(+/+) controls. In contrast, no significant differences in severity of glomerulonephritis were observed between groups. Vasculitis was also observed in other organs of eNOS-deficient mice, including in the lungs of several of these animals. Ultrastructural analyses of renal lesions revealed the presence of electron-dense deposits in affected arteries, and IgG, IgA, and C3 deposition was observed in some vessels in the kidneys of Nos3(-/-) mice. In addition, Nos3(-/-) MRL/MpJ-Fas(lp) mice showed increased levels of circulating IgG-IgA immune complexes at 20 weeks of age, compared to Nos3(+/+) MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) and Nos3(-/-) C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSION These findings strongly indicate that eNOS serves as a negative regulator of vasculitis in MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice and further suggest that NO produced by this enzyme may be critical for inhibiting lesion formation and vascular damage in human vasculitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton R Schoeb
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 South 20th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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23
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Takahashi A, Abe K, Saito R, Iwadate H, Okai K, Katsushima F, Monoe K, Kanno Y, Saito H, Kobayashi H, Watanabe H, Ohira H. Liver dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Intern Med 2013; 52:1461-5. [PMID: 23812192 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.9458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the clinical features of liver dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The frequency and causes of liver dysfunction were examined in 206 patients with SLE. RESULTS Liver dysfunction was evident in 123 (59.7%) of the 206 patients. Liver dysfunction in patients with SLE can be drug-induced (30.9%) or caused by SLE itself (28.5%), fatty liver (17.9%), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (4.9%), primary biliary cirrhosis (2.4%), cholangitis (1.6%), alcohol (1.6%) or viral hepatitis (0.8%), and it tends to be mild except when caused by AIH. Values for aminotransferase were significantly increased when AIH was the cause, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) were significantly increased when AIH or drugs were the cause. The liver was already dysfunctional at the time of SLE onset in 56 (45.5%) of 123 patients with liver dysfunction. Neurological involvement was more common among patients with than without liver dysfunction, whereas SLE activity and prognosis did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Liver dysfunction in the presence of SLE can be caused by many factors, but when extant at the time of SLE onset, either SLE itself or drugs can be the cause. Autoimmune hepatitis should be considered when liver dysfunction is relatively severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Ashouri JF, Davis JL, Farkas A, Durack JC, Ramachandran R, Dall'Era M. A young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and extensive mesenteric vasculitis involving small and medium vessels. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:1928-33. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Ikeda S, Komatsuda A, Togashi M, Yamashita T, Michishita Y, Fujishima M, Fujishima N, Wakui H, Sawada KI. [Case report; Fibrinoid necrotizing angiitis of the gall bladder in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 101:3229-32. [PMID: 23342596 DOI: 10.2169/naika.101.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Md Noh UK, Zahidin AZA, Yong TK. Retinal vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: an indication of active disease. Clin Pract 2012; 2:e54. [PMID: 24765453 PMCID: PMC3981295 DOI: 10.4081/cp.2012.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old woman with a recent flare-up of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with peripheral retinal hemorrhages at a routine check-up. She is on a tapering dose of immunosuppressive agents. Her visual acuity was good. Fluorescein angiogram revealed vasculitic changes with capillary non-perfusion areas. A few weeks later, she developed cerebral lupus with advanced lupus nephritis. Immunosuppressive therapy was restarted and panretinal photocoagulation was delivered. Her visual acuity remained stable, despite development of a cataract from prednisolone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Kalthum Md Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aida Zairani A Zahidin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Then Kong Yong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Norita K, de Noronha SV, Sheppard MN. Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary vasculitis. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:309-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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Moneib HA, Salem SAM, Aly DG, Khedr HTM, Wafaey HA, Hassan HE. Assessment of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without cutaneous manifestations. J Dermatol 2011; 39:52-7. [PMID: 21950586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and microvascular endothelial injury play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of angiogenesis, and nail fold capillaroscopy (NFC) have been investigated in few studies in SLE with no reports targeting SLE with cutaneous manifestations. To evaluate NFC changes and VEGF serum level in relation to disease activity in SLE patients with versus without cutaneous manifestations. Thirty SLE patients (15 with cutaneous manifestations [group I], 15 without [group II]) and 15 healthy controls were evaluated for VEGF serum levels, NFC changes and were related to disease activity. VEGF serum levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (median and interquartile range [IQR]: 2110.77, 471.09-4714.30 vs. 60.00, 14-366, respectively, P < 0.0001). VEGF cut-off value to predict SLE patients was more than 293 and to detect moderate and severe SLE activity was more than 422 pg/mL and more than 3800 pg/mL, respectively. Serum VEGF levels increased with increased disease activity (P < 0.05). It was significantly higher in group I than group II (median and IQR: 2624.74, 1801.39-4141.70 vs. 862.50, 180-2426.95, respectively, P < 0.05). Mean serum VEGF was significantly higher with NFC score 3 than 1 (P = 0.008). NFC score and SLE activity were significantly associated in patients (P < 0.05). Serum VEGF is significantly elevated in SLE patients with cutaneous manifestations and its cut-off values to detect different activity grades of SLE are identified. Abnormalities in NFC reflect the extent of microvascular involvement in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda A Moneib
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kizu H, Dobashi H, Kameda T, Susaki K, Kawanishi M, Ishida T. Improvement of irregularity of brain vessel walls in systemic lupus erythematosus by tacrolimus. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 30:715-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-010-1591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sokolove J, Copland A, Shirvani S, Brown J, Posley K, Chung L. A 39-year-old woman with lupus, myositis, and a recalcitrant vasculopathy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:1351-6. [PMID: 20506174 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sokolove
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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Chan Y, Mok CC, Tang WYM. Erythema elevatum diutinum in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:259-62. [PMID: 20652813 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare chronic form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with unknown etiology. EED has been described in association with hematological malignancies, infections and a number of rheumatological diseases. We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with intermittent attacks of tender nodules and plaques on the shins and ankles for 6 months. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of EED. Treatment with dapsone resulted in complete resolution of the skin lesions. EED is rarely reported in SLE, and its presentation and treatment is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Chan
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Duval A, Helley D, Capron L, Youinou P, Renaudineau Y, Dubucquoi S, Fischer AM, Hachulla E. Endothelial dysfunction in systemic lupus patients with low disease activity: evaluation by quantification and characterization of circulating endothelial microparticles, role of anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kuryliszyn‐Moskal A, Ciolkiewicz M, Klimiuk PA, Sierakowski S. Clinical significance of nailfold capillaroscopy in systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with endothelial cell activation markers and disease activity. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38:38-45. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740802366050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Westers-Attema A, van Tubergen A, Plasschaert H, van Marion AMW, Frank J, Poblete-Gutiérrez P. Nodular vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47 Suppl 1:3-6. [PMID: 18986475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 42-year-old man presented with fever, photosensitivity, headaches, myalgia, hyperhidrosis, muscle weakness, alopecia, nasal crustae, weight loss, painful nails, arthritis, oral ulcers, erythema, discoid cutaneous lesions, and painful subcutaneous nodes. We made a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type II cryoglobulinemia, and nodular vasculitis. In the skin, different types of vasculitis may be observed. Typically, histology shows leukocytoclastic vasculitis of superficial vessels both in SLE and mixed cryoglobulinemia, which clinically results in palpable purpura. In our patient, however, histopathological examination of the subcutaneous nodes not only revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the superficial vasculature but also showed even more extensive involvement of dermal and subdermal small and medium sized vessels, giving rise to a nodular vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Westers-Attema
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Maastricht, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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35
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Xu LY, Esparza EM, Anadkat MJ, Crone KG, Brasington RD. Cutaneous manifestations of vasculitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 38:348-60. [PMID: 18355896 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options for cutaneous vasculitis. METHODS The literature in the PubMed database was reviewed regarding the presentation, pathophysiology, clinical workup, and treatment of cutaneous vasculitis. RESULTS Available classification criteria of vasculitis are based on histopathologic criteria or clinicohistologic features. These have been designed more for research purposes than for clinical application. Skin findings such as palpable purpura, nodules, urticaria, ulcers, and infarction are clues to the presence of vasculitis. Pathologic findings of fibrinoid necrosis, infiltration by neutrophils or lymphocytes, and deposition of complement and immunoglobulin may be helpful in reaching a specific diagnosis. However, there is considerable overlap across different conditions. CONCLUSIONS The correct diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations of vasculitis requires an understanding of vasculitis classification, recognition of specific clinical patterns, and the ability to interpret histopathologic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Xu
- Rheumatology and Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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36
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Carlson JA, Chen KR. Cutaneous Vasculitis Update: Neutrophilic Muscular Vessel and Eosinophilic, Granulomatous, and Lymphocytic Vasculitis Syndromes. Am J Dermatopathol 2007; 29:32-43. [PMID: 17284960 DOI: 10.1097/01.dad.0000245198.80847.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Most biopsies of cutaneous vasculitis will exhibit a small vessel neutrophilic vasculitis [leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV)] that is associated with immune complexes on direct immunofluorescence examination or, less commonly, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) by indirect immunofluorescence testing. Is in uncommon for skin biopsy to reveal solely a neutrophilic arteritis signifying the presence of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa or, if accompanied by significant lobular panniculitis, nodular vasculitis/erythema induratum. In other cases, cutaneous vascular damage (fibrinoid necrosis, muscular vessel wall disruption, or endarteritis obliterans) will be mediated by a nonneutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Eosinophilic vasculitis can be a primary (idiopathic) process that overlaps with hypereosinophilic syndrome, or it can be a secondary vasculitis associated with connective tissue disease or parasite infestation. Authentic cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis (versus vasculitis with extravascular granulomas) can represent a cutaneous manifestation of giant cell arteritis, an eruption secondary to systemic disease such as Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis, or a localized disorder, often a post-herpes zoster (HZ) phenomenon. Lymphocytic vasculitis is a histologic reaction pattern that correlates with broad clinical differential diagnosis, which includes connective tissue disease - mostly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), endothelial infection by Rickettsia and viruses, idiopathic lichenoid dermatoses such as perniosis or ulcerative necrotic Mucha-Habermann disease, and angiocentric cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Skin biopsy extending into the subcutis, identifying the dominant inflammatory cell and caliber of vessels affected, extravascular histologic clues such as presence of lichenoid dermatitis or panniculitis, and correlation with clinical data allows for accurate diagnosis of these uncommon vasculitic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Division of Dermatology, Albany Medical College, MC-81, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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He X, Schoeb TR, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Zinn KR, Kesterson RA, Zhang J, Samuel S, Hicks MJ, Hickey MJ, Bullard DC. Deficiency of P-selectin or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 leads to accelerated development of glomerulonephritis and increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 in lupus-prone mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:8748-56. [PMID: 17142777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The selectins and their ligands mediate leukocyte rolling on endothelial cells, the initial step in the emigration cascade leading to leukocyte infiltration of tissue. These adhesion molecules have been shown to be key promoters of acute leukocyte emigration events; however, their roles in the development of long-term inflammatory responses, including those that occur during chronic inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, are unclear. To assess participation of P-selectin in such disorders, we studied the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in P-selectin-deficient and control MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (Fas(lpr)) mice. Surprisingly, we found that P-selectin deficiency resulted in significantly earlier mortality, characterized by a more rapid development of glomerulonephritis and dermatitis. Expression of CCL2 (MCP-1) was increased in the kidneys of P-selectin mutant mice and in supernatants of LPS-stimulated primary renal endothelial cell cultures from these mice. A closely similar phenotype, including elevated renal expression of CCL2, was also observed in Fas(lpr) mice deficient in the major P-selectin ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These results indicate that P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 are not required for leukocyte infiltration and the development of autoimmune disease in Fas(lpr) mice, but rather expression of these adhesion molecules is important for modulating the progression of glomerulonephritis, possibly through down-regulation of endothelial CCL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 South 20th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Martín JM, Ramón D, Monteagudo C, Alonso V, Jordá E. Pustular vasculitis disclosing a systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:1426-7. [PMID: 17184245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M Martín
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
A broad and diverse spectrum of vasculitic syndromes exists. These syndromes affect the skin with varying levels of associated systemic manifestations, running the gamut from a self-limited, localized, cutaneous phenomenon to rapidly progressive, multiorgan disease. The majority of cases of cutaneous vasculitis will show a neutrophilic small vessel vasculitis that can be either a primary (idiopathic) disorder (eg, cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis) or a secondary disorder that is associated with drugs, infection (eg, streptococcal infection, viral hepatitis), or underlying disease (eg, connective tissue disease, malignancy). Biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis and also necessary for the detection of cutaneous vascular immune complexes by direct immunofluorescence. Based on the type of vessel disrupted by inflammation (small and/or muscular), the distribution of vasculitis in the dermis and subcutis, and predominate inflammatory cell-type mediating vessel wall damage, a list of relevant differential diagnoses can be generated. This histologic information coupled with extravascular findings such as tissue eosinophilia, tissue neutrophilia, and/or granulomas, plus pathophysiologic markers such as direct immunofluorescent examination for immune complexes and serologic evaluation for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies allows for more accurate diagnosis of specific vasculitic entities. Herein, we review both primary and secondary vasculitic syndromes that affect the skin and show a small vessel neutrophilic mediated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Divisions of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Ramos-Casals M, Nardi N, Lagrutta M, Brito-Zerón P, Bové A, Delgado G, Cervera R, Ingelmo M, Font J. Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical characteristics in 670 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2006; 85:95-104. [PMID: 16609348 DOI: 10.1097/01.md.0000216817.35937.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the current study to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of vasculitis in a large series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), focusing on the classification and clinical significance of the different types of vasculitis. We studied 670 consecutive patients who fulfilled 4 or more of the 1997 revised criteria for SLE. Definite vasculitis was diagnosed histologically and/or by arteriography, and probable vasculitis was diagnosed clinically when there were characteristic cutaneous lesions. Vasculitides were categorized according to the definitions adopted by the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference. Seventy-six (11%) patients with SLE had vasculitis (68 female patients and 8 male; mean age, 37.8 yr); only 32 (42%) fulfilled the Chapel Hill definitions. Cutaneous lesions were the main clinical presentation of vasculitis, present in 68 (89%) patients, while the remaining 8 (11%) had isolated visceral vasculitis. Compared with SLE patients without vasculitis, patients with vasculitis had a higher prevalence of livedo reticularis (22% vs. 3%; p = 0.028); a higher mean European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) score (5.86 vs. 3.87; p < 0.001); and a higher frequency of anemia (62% vs. 17%; p < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >50 mm/h (60% vs. 15%; p < 0.001), and anti-La/SS-B antibodies (19% vs. 5%; p = 0.014) in the multivariate analysis. With respect to the size of the vessels involved, 65 (86%) patients had small vessel vasculitis (SVV) and 11 (14%) had medium-sized vessel vasculitis (MVV). SLE patients with MVV had a higher prevalence of mononeuritis multiplex (54% vs. 2%; p < 0.001), visceral vasculitis (100% vs. 5%; p < 0.001), and ulcerated/ischemic cutaneous lesions (36% vs. 11%; p = 0.047) and a higher percentage of surgical interventions (45% vs. 0%; p < 0.001) compared with patients with SVV. In conclusion, we observed a heterogeneous presentation of vasculitides arising in the setting of SLE, with nearly 60% of cases not fulfilling the names and definitions adopted by the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference. SVV was the most frequent vasculitis, overwhelmingly cutaneous and clearly differentiated from MVV, which was less frequent but had predominantly visceral involvement (especially of the peripheral nerves). The presence of vasculitis in our patients with SLE was associated with a higher ECLAM score, livedo reticularis, hematologic parameters (anemia, high ESR), and anti-La/SS-B antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Casals
- From Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biome`diques August Pi i Sunyer), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Carlson JA, Ng BT, Chen KR. Cutaneous Vasculitis Update: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification, Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Evaluation and Prognosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2005; 27:504-28. [PMID: 16314707 DOI: 10.1097/01.dad.0000181109.54532.c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vasculitis, inflammation of the vessel wall, can result in mural destruction with hemorrhage, aneurysm formation, and infarction, or intimal-medial hyperplasia and subsequent stenosis leading to tissue ischemia. The skin, in part due to its large vascular bed, exposure to cold temperatures, and frequent presence of stasis, is involved in many distinct as well as un-named vasculitic syndromes that vary from localized and self-limited to generalized and life-threatening with multi-organ disease. To exclude mimics of vasculitis, diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis requires biopsy confirmation where its acute signs (fibrinoid necrosis), chronic signs (endarteritis obliterans), or past signs (acellular scar of healed arteritis) must be recognized and presence of extravascular findings such as patterned fibrosis or collagenolytic granulomas noted. Although vasculitis can be classified by etiology, many cases have no identifiable cause, and a single etiologic agent can elicit several distinct clinicopathologic expressions of vasculitis. Therefore, the classification of cutaneous vasculitis is best approached morphologically by determining vessel size and principal inflammatory response. These histologic patterns roughly correlate with pathogenic mechanisms that, when coupled with direct immunofluorescent examination, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) status, and findings from work-up for systemic disease, allow for specific diagnosis, and ultimately, more effective therapy. Herein, we review cutaneous vasculitis focusing on diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and evaluation of the cutaneous vasculitis patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Division of Dermatology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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