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Ahmed MS, Khan S, Islam M, Islam MI, Hossain MM, Khan B, Yunus FM. Prevalence, inequality and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15-19 years. Int Health 2024:ihae012. [PMID: 38306121 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15-19 y and to identify whether wealth-related inequality exists for overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older adolescents. METHODS We analyzed publicly available national representative secondary data from the 2019-2020 Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey. This cross-sectional survey was carried out among 18 249 adolescents aged 15-19 y regardless of their marital status using a two-stage stratified sampling technique (the data of 9128 eligible adolescents were included in this analysis). The WHO reference population for body mass index-for-age (1+Z score) was considered as overweight/obesity. RESULTS We found that girls had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (11.63%) than boys (8.25%); however, their biological sex as well their age were not significantly associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity. Those who were in their higher grade (grade 11 and higher) in the school and had been exposed to media were more likely (1.67 and 1.39 times, respectively) to be overweight/obesity compared with primary grade (0-5) and those who experienced no media exposure, respectively. Inequality analysis revealed that adolescents belonging to wealthy households had significantly higher rates of overweight/obesity than those in poorer households (concentration index=0.093). CONCLUSIONS The study exhibited the multifaceted nature of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi older teenagers, revealing that their school grade, exposure to media content and wealth-related inequality emerged as significant contributing factors. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and public health strategies to address the escalating burden of overweight and obesity in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Ahmed
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, The University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, House 113/A, Road 2, Niketan, Gulshan-1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- School of Educational Studies and Leadership, Faculty of Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mansura Islam
- School of General Education, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Irteja Islam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Research, Innovation and Grants, Spreeha Bangladesh Foundation, Mohammadpur, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Musharraf Hossain
- Resident Medical Officer (RMO), Upazila Health Complex, Bakshiganj, Jamalpur 2124, Bangladesh
| | - Bayezid Khan
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Danze A, Jacox LA, Bocklage C, Whitley J, Moss K, Hardigan P, Garcia-Godoy CE, Jackson TH. Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in children and adolescents. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:184-192. [PMID: 32968775 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is increasing worldwide. Reports suggest that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with larger craniofacial dimensions and advanced dental and skeletal development. Such an association is important for timing orthodontic treatment relative to pubertal growth and dental eruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate associations between BMI, craniofacial morphology, dental age, and cervical vertebrae maturation staging (CVMS), 400 participants were consecutively selected (8-15 years, n = 200 overweight and obese BMI >85%, 200 normal weight) from the University of North Carolina database. Records were analysed for cephalometric measures, Demirjian index values, and CVMS. Bivariate statistics and linear regression analysis evaluated whether CVMS, dental age, and cephalometric dimensions varied with BMI. RESULTS Overweight/obese children and adolescents had a proportionally larger bimaxillary prognathic skeletal pattern compared to those of normal weight. These cephalometric measurements [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn), condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), sella-gonion (S-Go), nasion-menton (N-Me), anterior nasal spine-menton (ANS-Me), sella-nasion-A point (SNA), sella-nasion-B point (SNB), and sella-nasion-pogonion (SNPg)] were significantly different [statistically (P < 0.05) and clinically (>2 mm or >2 degrees)] between the two study groups, with a linear relationship between BMI percentile and craniofacial dimension. The overweight/obese BMI group had a mean dental age 1.4 years advanced relative to the normal weight group (P < 0.05), with an advancement of nearly one CVM stage between the ages of 12 and 14 (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS The study is retrospective. CONCLUSIONS Obese/overweight children and adolescents have proportionally larger antero-posterior and vertical dimensions and are more likely to experience advanced dental and skeletal maturation. Obese/overweight subjects may enter their growth spurt at a younger age and have earlier eruption of teeth, affecting treatment timing. BMI percentile should be a consideration for orthodontic treatment in growing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Danze
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.,Private Practice, Pickerington, OH
| | | | - Clare Bocklage
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John Whitley
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Moss
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Patrick Hardigan
- Health Professions Division, Dr. Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Cristina E Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL
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Villarosa AR, George D, Ramjan LM, Srinivas R, George A. The role of dental practitioners in addressing overweight and obesity among children: A scoping review of current interventions and strategies. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:405-415. [PMID: 30082247 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the growing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide, there is a need for interventions to identify and address overweight and obesity in childhood. Although guidelines recommend general practitioners routinely screen for overweight and obesity among children, research suggests this is often not done. To address this, dental practitioners may be able to play a role in identifying and addressing overweight and obesity among children. METHODS This review aimed to explore the evidence and efficacy of existing obesity and overweight interventions targeting children in the dental setting. A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant published and grey literature. This was expanded to also include strategies for promoting oral health in the dental setting. RESULTS A total of 11 records were included in this review, which focussed on the current role and effectiveness of dental practitioners in addressing obesity among children, and the available strategies and resources. Although there was a paucity of research on the training of dental practitioners in this area and their efficacy in identifying and addressing obesity among children, evidence suggests that parents found it acceptable for dental practitioners to promote healthy practices to children who experience overweight or obesity. This review also identified screening tools and strategies for identifying and addressing overweight and obesity among children in dental practice. CONCLUSION There is a clear role for dental practitioners in addressing overweight and obesity among children, however further research is required to identify the most effective interventions to implement in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Villarosa
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), Liverpool 1871, Australia; Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia; South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 1871, Australia.
| | - David George
- Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Lucie M Ramjan
- Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 1871, Australia; Centre for Applied Nursing Research (CANR), Liverpool 1871, Australia
| | - Ravi Srinivas
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), Liverpool 1871, Australia; Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia; South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 1871, Australia; University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), Liverpool 1871, Australia; Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia; South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 1871, Australia; University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
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Karasz A, Bonuck K. Reducing pediatric caries and obesity risk in South Asian immigrants: randomized controlled trial of common health/risk factor approach. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:680. [PMID: 29855352 PMCID: PMC5984363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper describes the design and methods of a multi-phase study to reduce early childhood caries and obesity in vulnerable South Asian (SA) immigrants in the United States. Early childhood caries and obesity are the most common diseases of early childhood. Risk factors for both diseases are rooted in early childhood feeding practices such as bottle feeding and intake of sweets and sweetened beverages. The Common Health/Risk Factor Approach to addressing oral health is widely promoted by the WHO and other policy makers. This approach recognizes links between oral health and other diseases of modernity. Our CHALO! (“Child Health Action to Lower Obesity and Oral health risk”--from a Hindi word meaning "Let's go!") study targets SA families at high risk for early childhood caries and obesity. CHALO! addresses common risk factors associated with these two common diseases of childhood. Methods This two part project includes a randomized controlled trial, and a Knowledge Translation campaign. A randomized controlled trial will enroll n = 360 families from pediatric practices serving South Asians in the New York metro area. The intervention group will receive home visits by SA community health workers at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 months of age. Controls will receive culturally tailored educational material. Primary outcomes-- cariogenic and obesogenic feeding practices at 6, 12, and 18 months-- will be assessed with the MySmileBuddy iPad based tool. Secondary outcomes include: oral hygiene practices, anthropometrics, and caries incidence at 18 months. A public education campaign will focus on both families and health care providers. Discussion There are few Common Health/Risk Factor Approach published studies on obesity and oral health risk in children, despite health morbidity and costs associated with both conditions. CHALO! comprises a multi-level interventions designed to promote culturally competent, sustainable change. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03077425. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5317-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Karasz
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
| | - Karen Bonuck
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
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Kwon E, Nah EH. Secular trends in height, weight and obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 2006-2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14367/kjhep.2016.33.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Physical Activity Levels in Chinese One-Year-Old Children and Their Parents, an Early STOPP China Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153605. [PMID: 27078684 PMCID: PMC4831821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits, already in childhood. However, little is known about actual levels, patterns and gender differences in PA level in very young children. This study examines Chinese one-year-old children and their parents' PA levels and patterns, and assesses the correlations between children's PA level and gender, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), parental BMI and parental PA level. METHODS Data from 123 families participating in the Early STOPP China study were used. Families were recruited based on parental BMI and were classified as either high-risk or low-risk of obesity. Parents and children wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ to assess the average PA levels. PA levels and hourly patterns during weekdays and weekends were examined as were correlations with gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI and parental PA levels. RESULTS There were no significant differences in children's averaged PA between risk groups, genders, or between weekdays and weekends. Children's peak average activity level was at 7 pm and they were least active at 3 pm (p<0.001). Both mothers and fathers demonstrated a similar PA pattern as their children, although paternal PA level was consistently lower than that of mothers and children. No significant association was found between children's PA and their gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI or paternal PA levels. Maternal PA was found positively associated with child PA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PA in one-year-old Chinese children vary over the day but weekdays and weekends are similar. At this age, children's PA is not related to gender, BMI SDS, parental BMI or paternal PA. Larger scale studies with more contextual information are needed to improve the understanding of our findings.
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Bispo S, Correia MITD, Proietti FA, Xavier CC, Caiaffa WT. Nutritional status of urban adolescents: individual, household and neighborhood factors based on data from The BH Health Study. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31 Suppl 1:232-45. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The increasing prevalence of overweight in young people suggests that adolescent nutritional status is influenced by environmental factors. Using hierarchical modelling, this study aimed to analyse the association between individual, household and neighborhood factors and adolescent nutritional status and well-being. The study used data from a population-based household survey conducted in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Data was obtained from an adult and adolescent in each household using a confidential questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Adolescent nutritional status was evaluated using multinomial regression analysis considering distal and proximal influences. The prevalence of overweight and thinness among the sample of 1,030 adolescents was 21.9% and 4.6%, respectively. Although variables from all blocks remained in the final model, head of household education level, family habits and family nutritional status were shown to strongly influence adolescent nutritional status. New approaches to public health are needed which focus on raising awareness and promoting health education targeting teenagers and their social context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - César Coelho Xavier
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Brasil
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Zong XN, Li H. Secular trends in prevalence and risk factors of obesity in infants and preschool children in 9 Chinese cities, 1986-2006. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46942. [PMID: 23056536 PMCID: PMC3466203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No prevalence/trends were reported in Chinese infants and preschool children at the national level in this historical period of 1980s-2000s. The objectives of this paper were to present the 20-year trends in prevalence and risk factors of obesity in children below 7 years. METHODS Data obtained from a series of three sequential national surveys performed using the same design in the same 9 cities in 1986, 1996 and 2006. Weight and height (length <3 years) were measured using unified procedures at each period. Obesity was defined as a weight-for-height ≥120% of median of the NCHS/WHO international reference. A population-based paired matching case-control study was employed for screening risk factors. RESULTS In 1986, there was no substantial obesity epidemic, but the overall obesity prevalence reached 3.4% (boys 4.1% and girls 2.7%) in 2006, rising by 2.8 times between 1986 and 2006. Reversed gender difference, relatively higher prevalence in preschool age and more rapid increase in the second 10-year were three very obvious characteristics in China, e.g. prevalence of boys 9.9% and girls 4.9% in 2006 and increasing rate of boys 0.45 percentage points per year (pp/y) and girls 0.21 pp/y at 6-7 years groups, 0.17 pp/y of the second 10-year higher 1-fold than previous. CONCLUSIONS China has been moving into the alarming epidemic of childhood obesity. Effort should be immediately made to prevent further deterioration. High birth weight, high parental BMI and several behavioral and family-related factors were identified and had important practical value for obesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Nan Zong
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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McAdams CB. The environment and pediatric overweight: a review for nurse practitioners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:460-7. [PMID: 20854637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this article is to review environmental determinates on eating and physical activity behaviors that lead to overweight status in the pediatric population. DATA SOURCES Selected articles on pediatric obesity and overweight and federal government publications addressing pediatric overweight, physical activity, and dietary habits. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of disease and death in the United States and is considered a major public health threat to Americans of all ages. An energy-dense diet coupled with low physical activity creates an environment conducive to obesity. Obesity warrants immediate attention and nurse practitioners (NPs) must implement proactive strategies to prevent the development of chronic disease in American children and adolescents. An initial key to successful prevention is identification of environmental supports and barriers that influence pediatric overweight. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE NPs must identify at-risk and overweight youth and translate current research findings into their practices. Designing and implementing age and family appropriate strategies that address positive and negative environmental influences is crucial to prevent or reduce the overweight epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B McAdams
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Neeley WW, Dolce C, Hatch JP, Van Sickels JE, Rugh JD. Relationship of body mass index to stability of mandibular advancement surgery with rigid fixation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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CANDILO KD, ODDY W, MILLER M, SLOAN N, KENDALL G, KLERK ND. Follow-up phone calls increase nutrient intake estimated by three-day food diaries in 13-year-old participants of the Raine study. Nutr Diet 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Allirot X, Fianu A, Papoz L, Favier F. Trends and sociocultural factors for childhood overweight in La Reunion Island. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2007; 33:347-53. [PMID: 17611136 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine time trends (study 1) and sociocultural factors associated with childhood overweight (study 2) in La Reunion Island. DESIGN Study 1: a longitudinal analysis of anthropometric data available from health services in the town of Saint-Pierre. Study 2: a case - control study. SUBJECTS Study 1: 1753 children born between 1977 and 1996. Study 2: 101 six-year old overweight children sex-matched with 101 non-overweight children. MEASUREMENTS Study 1: overweight at birth (birth weight>4 kg) and at age 4 and 6 using French references and references from the International Obesity Task Force. Study 2: parental and perinatal data, child's lifestyle and representation of food, all collected from the mother. RESULTS Study 1: a dramatic increase in the prevalence rate of overweight at 4 and at 6 is observed, more severe in girls. Study 2: multivariate logistic regressions showed that mother's overweight was the only variable significantly associated with overweight in both the sexes. The other associated factors were related to sociocultural and family features and sedentarity. Logistic probability functions derived from these data are proposed as a tool for detection of at risk families. CONCLUSION Our results show the need for a targeted prevention of overweight. We offer a proposal based on education and behaviour modification in La Reunion Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Allirot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Epidémiologie Clinique de la Réunion, GHSR, BP 350, 97448, Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
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Neeley WW, Gonzales DA. Obesity in adolescence: Implications in orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 131:581-8. [PMID: 17482076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is increasing in the United States and around the world, and it is likely that obese patients will present for orthodontic therapy in greater numbers in the future. The implications of obesity for psychosocial well-being, bone metabolism, craniofacial growth, and pubertal growth must be assessed in treating obese orthodontic patients. This review article focuses on the relevant issues concerning obesity in regard to orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell W Neeley
- Postgraduate Orthodontic Residency Program, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex, USA.
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