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Muddebihal A, Sardana K, Khurana A, Ahuja A, Singh I. Time to revisit the purported link of leprosy reactions with infective triggers: An unnecessary economic burden for patients. Trop Doct 2024; 54:157-164. [PMID: 37920941 DOI: 10.1177/00494755231210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature on factors triggering leprosy reactions is based only on case reports and case series, and thus probably gives a biased view. We undertook a case-control study to investigate such purported trigger factors in 42 leprosy reaction patients and 40 non-reactional controls, and the cost of investigations required for the same. Detailed history, clinical evaluation and investigations for triggers were carried out. Infections (typhoid, dental caries) were the most common triggers found, followed by pregnancy. Trigger factors were commoner in the type 2 reaction (T2R) group compared to type 1 (T1R) reaction group. There was however no statistical difference between the two groups. The average estimated cost of investigations was higher in the reactional group and this difference was statistically significant. Hence, except for essential investigations required for initiating steroids, an extensive battery of investigations is unjustified unless the medical history suggests a definitive infective trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Muddebihal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Itu Singh
- Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, New Delhi, India
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2
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de Andrade Rodrigues RS, Heise EFJ, Hartmann LF, Rocha GE, Olandoski M, de Araújo Stefani MM, Latini ACP, Soares CT, Belone A, Rosa PS, de Andrade Pontes MA, de Sá Gonçalves H, Cruz R, Penna MLF, Carvalho DR, Fava VM, Bührer-Sékula S, Penna GO, Moro CMC, Nievola JC, Mira MT. Prediction of the occurrence of leprosy reactions based on Bayesian networks. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1233220. [PMID: 37564037 PMCID: PMC10411956 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1233220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leprosy reactions (LR) are severe episodes of intense activation of the host inflammatory response of uncertain etiology, today the leading cause of permanent nerve damage in leprosy patients. Several genetic and non-genetic risk factors for LR have been described; however, there are limited attempts to combine this information to estimate the risk of a leprosy patient developing LR. Here we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system that can assess LR risk using clinical, demographic, and genetic data. Methods The study includes four datasets from different regions of Brazil, totalizing 1,450 leprosy patients followed prospectively for at least 2 years to assess the occurrence of LR. Data mining using WEKA software was performed following a two-step protocol to select the variables included in the AI system, based on Bayesian Networks, and developed using the NETICA software. Results Analysis of the complete database resulted in a system able to estimate LR risk with 82.7% accuracy, 79.3% sensitivity, and 86.2% specificity. When using only databases for which host genetic information associated with LR was included, the performance increased to 87.7% accuracy, 85.7% sensitivity, and 89.4% specificity. Conclusion We produced an easy-to-use, online, free-access system that identifies leprosy patients at risk of developing LR. Risk assessment of LR for individual patients may detect candidates for close monitoring, with a potentially positive impact on the prevention of permanent disabilities, the quality of life of the patients, and upon leprosy control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Saraiva de Andrade Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira José Heise
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Olandoski
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Belone
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rossilene Cruz
- Tropical Dermatology and Venerology Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Medeiros Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and The McGill International TB Centre, Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gerson Oliveira Penna
- Tropical Medicine Centre, University of Brasília, and Fiocruz School of Government – Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Pharmacy Program, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Sisco MC, Brum Fontes AN, Lessmann LC, Rada E, Prado Palacios YY, Vasconcellos SEG, de Waard JH, Suffys PN. Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae in Venezuela. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1067439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that leads to physical disability and social discrimination. The active surveillance of new cases and vigilance for drug resistance can decrease the incidence, and improve the clinical outcomes of people affected by it. We analyzed, with molecular biology techniques, a set of skin biopsy samples from 25 Venezuelan patients. The patients had been diagnosed with leprosy in 2014 and early 2015, and 15 were relapse cases. The samples were tested for molecular drug resistance to dapsone, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones. In addition, we performed molecular epidemiology analysis through multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. We did not find evidence of drug resistance and 76% of the samples (n = 16) had isolates belonging to SNP type 3. Genotype profiles allowed us to rule out the possibility of re-infection in a patient with persistent symptoms after treatment, as well as that of household transmission in two more patients. Although our sampling is relatively small, very similar or even identical Mycobacterium leprae genotypes were observed in Miranda State. The presence of this cluster is highly suggestive of high rates of local transmission and, in turn, the need to better control this disease. Finally, the copy number distribution of minisatellite 18–8 in a considerable number of SNP type 3 strains strongly suggests the presence of a sublineage of this disease that is particular to Venezuela.
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Leprosy during 2000-2021 from Web of Science Database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148234. [PMID: 35886085 PMCID: PMC9324497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, after the essential elimination of leprosy (the prevalence of which is <1/100,000), the trends, research hotpots, and frontiers of leprosy research are not clear. This study provides a detailed overview of leprosy in terms of papers, journal, language, year, citations, h-index, author keywords, institution, and country through bibliometrics. The results are as follows: (1) The publication rate has increased in recent years, and 8892 papers were obtained. Most of the publications are in English, and the subject categories are mainly focused on “Dermatology.” The “leprosy review” published the most significant number of papers on leprosy, followed by “Plos Neglected Tropical Disease” and “International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases.” (2) Leprosy-related research was contributed to by 24,672 authors, and the ten authors with the most significant number of publications were identified. (3) The University of London (including the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) has the highest h-index, and Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz is the most productive institution. (4) Brazil, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands are the most productive countries, and the collaborative network reveals that they have established close cooperation with other countries. France has the highest average number of citations. (5) The keyword co-occurrence network identifies five highly relevant clusters representing topical issues in leprosy research (public health, leprosy vaccine, immune mechanisms, treatment, and genomics research). Overall, these results provide valuable insights for scholars, research institutions, and policymakers to better understand developments in the field of leprosy.
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5
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Prospects of Using Pharmacologically Active Compounds for the Creation of Antimycobacterial Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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LoRusso S. Infections of the Peripheral Nervous System. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021; 27:921-942. [PMID: 34623098 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes infections that affect the peripheral nervous system, including their clinical features, differential diagnoses, and treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Rates of pyomyositis have increased recently in the United States, possibly because of an increase in risk factors such as IV drug use, obesity, and diabetes. Other peripheral nervous system infections, such as diphtheria, have become more common in older patients secondary to a lack of revaccination or waning immunity. Although recommended treatment regimens for most infections remain unchanged over recent years, debate over the ideal dosing and route of administration continues for some infections such as tetanus and leprosy (Hansen disease). SUMMARY Infections of the peripheral nervous system are varied in terms of the type of infection, localization, and potential treatment. Nerve conduction studies and EMG can help determine localization, which is key to determining an initial differential diagnosis. It is important to recognize infections quickly to minimize diagnostic delays that could lead to patient morbidity and mortality.
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Li S, Wang X, Zhao Y, Yang J, Cui T, Zhao ZJ, Chen Y, Zheng Z. Association of PTPN22-C1858T Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Infection: A Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:592841. [PMID: 33717071 PMCID: PMC7950544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.592841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously published that single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601 (PTPN22 [protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22]-C1858T) might be related to increased sensibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae infection. However, the results were inconclusive despite a high degree of similarity between both parameters. Herein, we carried out this meta-analysis to systematically summarize and articulate the correlation between PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism and mycobacterial infection. The susceptibility of PTPN22-C1858T carriers with autoimmune conditions receiving immunosuppressive therapy to M. tuberculosis and M. leprae infection was determined. A systematic retrieval of studies on relevance of PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism to susceptibility of M. tuberculosis or M. leprae infection was performed in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed and Embase databases. We regarded Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the determined effect size. Finally, four and two case-control studies on tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively, were included. In all genetic models, without indicated association between PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism and tuberculosis’s susceptibility. [C versus T: OR = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09–0.50, PH = 0.887); CT versus CC: OR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.09–0.49, PH = 0.889); TT+CT versus CC: OR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.09–0.49, PH = 0.889)]. A significantly increased risk of leprosy was perceived in patients with the PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism [C versus T: OR = 2.82 (95% CI: 1.02–7.81, PH = 0.108)]. While the PTPN22-C1858T polymorphism is irrelevant to higher susceptibility to the infection of M. tuberculosis in Caucasians and Asians, it is relevant to increased susceptibility to the infection of M. leprae. However, the results of M. leprae are supposed to interpreted with prudence owing to the limited quantity of studies and heterogeneity. Further well-designed studies with sufficient populations are required to verify our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianjiao Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Nephrology and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Jarduli LR, Alves HV, de Souza VH, Uaska Sartori PV, Fava VM, de Souza FC, Marcos EVC, Pereira AC, Dias-Baptista IMF, Virmond MDCL, de Moraes MO, Mira MT, Visentainer JEL. Association of MICA and HLA-B alleles with leprosy in two endemic populations in Brazil. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:25-35. [PMID: 33151039 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is a prevalent disease in Brazil, which ranks as the country with the second highest number of cases in the world. The disease manifests in a spectrum of forms, and genetic differences in the host can help to elucidate the immunopathogenesis. For a better understanding of MICA association with leprosy, we performed a case-control and a family-based study in two endemic populations in Brazil. MICA and HLA-B alleles were evaluated in 409 leprosy patients and in 419 healthy contacts by PCR-SSOP-Luminex-based technology. In the familial study, analysis of 46 families was completed by direct sequencing of all exons and 3'/5'untranslated regions, using the Ilumina MiSeq platform. All data were collected between 2006 and 2009. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test together with a multivariate analysis. Family-based association was assessed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) software FBAT 2.0.4. We found associations between the haplotype MICA*002-HLA-B*35 with leprosy in both the per se and the multibacillary (MB) forms when compared to healthy contacts. The MICA allele *008 was associated with the clinical forms of paucibacillary (PB). Additionally, MICA*029 was associated with the clinical forms of MB. The association of MICA*029 allele (MICA-A4 variant) with the susceptibility to the MB form suggests this variant for the transmembrane domain of the MICA molecule may be a risk factor for leprosy. Two MICA and nine HLA-B variants were found associated with leprosy per se in the Colônia do Prata population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) between HLA-B markers rs2596498 and rs2507992, and high LD (R2 = .92) between these and the marker rs2442718. This familial study demonstrates that MICA association signals are not independent from those observed for HLA-B. Our findings contribute the knowledge pool of the immunogenetics of Hansen's disease and reveals a new association of the MICA*029 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ribeiro Jarduli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Hugo Vicentin Alves
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Medeiros Fava
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Teles SF, Silva EA, Souza RMD, Tomimori J, Florian MC, Souza RO, Marcos EVC, Souza-Santana FCD, Gamba MA. Association between NDO-LID and PGL-1 for leprosy and class I and II human leukocyte antigen alleles in an indigenous community in Southwest Amazon. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:296-303. [PMID: 32589879 PMCID: PMC9392080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequencies of the Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the Puyanawa indigenous reserve population and their association with the NDO-LID and ELISA PGL-1 rapid serological test was assessed. This was a cross-sectional study with an epidemiological clinical design conducted in two indigenous communities in the state of Acre, Brazil. Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to identify HLA alleles and perform serological tests. DNA was obtained using the salting out procedure. The LabType™ technique (One-Lambda-USA) was used for HLA class I (loci A*, B* and C*) and II (loci DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1*) typing. Allele frequency was obtained by direct count, and the chi-square test was used to assess the association with the NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests. The most frequent alleles in the two communities were: HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-DRB1*16:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and HLA-DQB1*03:01. The allele HLA-C*04:01 was the most common in the Barão community, and the allele HLA-C*07:01 in Ipiranga. Among individuals who presented seropositivity to the NDO-LID test, the association with alleles HLA-A*02 (43.18% vs 24.8%, p = 0.03, OR = 2.35) and HLA-B*53 (6.83% vs 0.0%, p = 0.03, OR = 8.95) was observed in the Barão community. HLA-B*15 was associated with non-seroconversion to the NDO-LID test in Ipiranga. In both communities, HLA-B*40 and HLA-C*03 were associated with positive serological response to ELISA PGL-1. The HLA class I and II alleles most frequently found in this study have already been described among Terena indigenous groups, and HLA class I contributes to seroconversion to NDO-LID and PGL-1 tests in inhabitants of the Barão and Ipiranga communities.
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da Silva CR, Sampaio LHF, Costa MB, de Paula Carneiro Cysneiros MA, Sadissou IA, de Oliveira Rodrigues Castilho ML, de Moraes JB, Donadi EA, Wastoswki IJ. Analysis of HLA-G protein expression in leprosy. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:333-337. [PMID: 32556498 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in leprosy. Biopsy and serum samples were collected from 18 patients presenting with leprosy and from healthy controls. Samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and ELISA techniques. HLA-G expression was observed in biopsy samples of all patients. The healthy control samples were consistently negative for HLA-G expression. Control plasma samples displayed significantly higher HLA-G expression than those from the patients (p < 0.01). These results are the first demonstration of the expression of HLA-G in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabela Jubé Wastoswki
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. .,Molecular Immunology Laboratory/UEG-UnU Laranjeiras, Av. Prof. Alfredo de Castro, S/N, Chácara do Governador, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74855-130, Brazil.
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11
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Uaska Sartori PV, Penna GO, Bührer-Sékula S, Pontes MAA, Gonçalves HS, Cruz R, Virmond MCL, Dias-Baptista IMF, Rosa PS, Penna MLF, Medeiros Fava V, Stefani MMA, Távora Mira M. Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1284. [PMID: 31992776 PMCID: PMC6987179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic susceptibility to leprosy has been intensively investigated over the last decades; however, there are no studies on the role of genetic variants in disease recurrence. A previous initiative identified three recurrent cases of leprosy for which none of the M. leprae strains, as obtained in the first and the second diagnosis, had any known genomic variants associated to resistance to Multidrug therapy; in addition, whole genome sequencing indicated that the same M. leprae was causing two out of the three recurrences. Thus, these individuals were suspected of being particularly susceptible to M. leprae infection, either as relapse or reinfection. To verify this hypothesis, 19 genetic markers distributed across 11 loci (14 genes) classically associated with leprosy were genotyped in the recurrent and in three matching non-recurrent leprosy cases. An enrichment of risk alleles was observed in the recurrent cases, suggesting the existence of a particularly high susceptibility genetic profile among leprosy patients predisposing to disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Verchai Uaska Sartori
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gerson O Penna
- Tropical Medicine Centre, University of Brasília, UnB - Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, S/N, Asa Norte, Brasília - DF, CEP, 70.904.970, Brasil
- Escola Fiocruz de Governo, Fiocruz Brasília, Avenida L3 Norte, s/n, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Gleba A, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 - s/n - Setor Universitário - Goiania, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria A A Pontes
- Dona Libânia Dermatology Centre, R. Pedro I, 1033 - Centro, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Heitor S Gonçalves
- Dona Libânia Dermatology Centre, R. Pedro I, 1033 - Centro, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossilene Cruz
- Tropical Dermatology and Venerology, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Av. Codajás, 24 - Cachoeirinha, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos C L Virmond
- Lauro Souza Lima Institute, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/226, s/n - Distrito Industrial Marcus Vinícius Feliz Machado, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ida M F Dias-Baptista
- Lauro Souza Lima Institute, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/226, s/n - Distrito Industrial Marcus Vinícius Feliz Machado, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Rosa
- Lauro Souza Lima Institute, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, km 225/226, s/n - Distrito Industrial Marcus Vinícius Feliz Machado, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L F Penna
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marquês do Paraná, 303, Centro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Medeiros Fava
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Bioinformatics suite ES1.5561, H4A 3J1., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariane M A Stefani
- Escola Fiocruz de Governo, Fiocruz Brasília, Avenida L3 Norte, s/n, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Gleba A, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bhatia T, Enoch J, Khan M, Mathewson S, Heymann D, Hayes R, Dar O. Setting targets for HIV/AIDS-What lessons can be learned from other disease control programmes? PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002735. [PMID: 30716068 PMCID: PMC6361469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a Collection Review, Richard Hayes and colleagues discuss metrics for assessing progress in control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the context of prior disease control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Enoch
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mishal Khan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Mathewson
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Heymann
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hayes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Osman Dar
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Dallmann-Sauer M, Correa-Macedo W, Schurr E. Human genetics of mycobacterial disease. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:523-538. [PMID: 30116885 PMCID: PMC6132723 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacteria characterized by the presence of mycolic acids within their cell walls. Claiming almost 2 million lives every year, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mycobacterial disease and is caused by infection with M. tuberculosis and, in rare cases, by M. bovis or M. africanum. The second and third most common mycobacterial diseases are leprosy and buruli ulcer (BU), respectively. Both diseases affect the skin and can lead to permanent sequelae and deformities. Leprosy is caused by the uncultivable M. leprae while the etiological agent of BU is the environmental bacterium M. ulcerans. After exposure to these mycobacterial species, a majority of individuals will not progress to clinical disease and, among those who do, inter-individual variability in disease manifestation and outcome can be observed. Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases carries a human genetic component and intense efforts have been applied over the past decades to decipher the exact nature of the genetic factors controlling disease susceptibility. While for BU this search was mostly conducted on the basis of candidate genes association studies, genome-wide approaches have been widely applied for TB and leprosy. In this review, we summarize some of the findings achieved by genome-wide linkage, association and transcriptome analyses in TB disease and leprosy and the recent genetic findings for BU susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dallmann-Sauer
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Stryjewska BM, Scollard DM. Treatment of Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy). CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-017-0128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ferrari R, Lovering RC, Hardy J, Lewis PA, Manzoni C. Weighted Protein Interaction Network Analysis of Frontotemporal Dementia. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:999-1013. [PMID: 28004582 PMCID: PMC6152613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
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The genetic analysis
of complex disorders has undoubtedly led to
the identification of a wealth of associations between genes and specific
traits. However, moving from genetics to biochemistry one gene at
a time has, to date, rather proved inefficient and under-powered to
comprehensively explain the molecular basis of phenotypes. Here we
present a novel approach, weighted protein–protein interaction
network analysis (W-PPI-NA), to highlight key functional players within
relevant biological processes associated with a given trait. This
is exemplified in the current study by applying W-PPI-NA to frontotemporal
dementia (FTD): We first built the state of the art FTD protein network
(FTD-PN) and then analyzed both its topological and functional features.
The FTD-PN resulted from the sum of the individual interactomes built
around FTD-spectrum genes, leading to a total of 4198 nodes. Twenty
nine of 4198 nodes, called inter-interactome hubs (IIHs), represented
those interactors able to bridge over 60% of the individual interactomes.
Functional annotation analysis not only reiterated and reinforced
previous findings from single genes and gene-coexpression analyses
but also indicated a number of novel potential disease related mechanisms,
including DNA damage response, gene expression
regulation, and cell waste disposal and
potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets including EP300. These
processes and targets likely represent the functional core impacted
in FTD, reflecting the underlying genetic architecture contributing
to disease. The approach presented in this study can be applied to
other complex traits for which risk-causative genes are known as it
provides a promising tool for setting the foundations for collating
genomics and wet laboratory data in a bidirectional manner. This is
and will be critical to accelerate molecular target prioritization
and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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16
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Association between STR -794 CATT5-8 and SNP -173 G/C polymorphisms in the MIF gene and Lepromatous Leprosy in Mestizo patients of western Mexico. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:985-989. [PMID: 27426952 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) is the most common presentation of leprosy in Mexico. LL patients are unable to activate an effective inflammatory response against Mycobacterium leprae probably due to the genetics of the host. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is important to trigger inflammation processes. Two polymorphisms have been reported for human MIF: STR -794 CATT5-8 and SNP -173 G/C. 7-8 CATT repeats at -794 and the C allele at -173 increase the expression of MIF. We aim to determine the association between the polymorphisms in MIF gene and LL. We carried a case and controls study with 100 Mexican LL patients and 100 healthy subjects (HS). PCR was used for genotyping of STR -794 CATT5-8 polymorphism and PCR-RFLP for -173 G/C. We found that LL patients possess high -794 CATT repeats (47.1%) more often than HS (32.7%). In conclusion, a MIF polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to LL in Western Mexican population.
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17
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Oktaria S, Effendi EH, Indriatmi W, van Hees CLM, Thio HB, Sjamsoe-Daili ES. Soil-transmitted helminth infections and leprosy: a cross-sectional study of the association between two major neglected tropical diseases in Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:258. [PMID: 27278453 PMCID: PMC4898373 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical spectrum of leprosy is dependent on the host immune response against Mycobacterium leprae or the newly discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis antigen. Helminth infections have been shown to affect the development of several diseases through immune regulation and thus may play a role in the clinical manifestations of leprosy and leprosy reactions. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of helminth infections in leprosy and its association with the type of leprosy and type 2 leprosy reaction (T2R). Methods History or episode of T2R was obtained and direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and Kato-Katz smear were performed on 20 paucibacillary (PB) and 61 multibacillary (MB) leprosy participants. Results There are more helminth-positive participants in MB leprosy compared to PB (11/61 versus 0/20, p = 0.034) and in T2R participants compared to non-T2R (8/31 versus 3/50, p = 0.018). Conclusions Our results suggest that soil-transmitted helminth infections may have a role in the progression to a more severe type of leprosy, as well as the occurrence of T2R. These findings could serve as a fundamental base for clinicians to perform parasitological feces examination in patients who have MB leprosy and severe recurrent reactions to rule out the possibility of helminth infection. Further secondary confirmation of findings are needed to support these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Oktaria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Evita Halim Effendi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wresti Indriatmi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Colette L M van Hees
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hok Bing Thio
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ramos GB, Salomão H, Francio AS, Fava VM, Werneck RI, Mira MT. Association Analysis Suggests SOD2 as a Newly Identified Candidate Gene Associated With Leprosy Susceptibility. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:475-8. [PMID: 27132285 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified several genes and genomic regions contributing to the control of host susceptibility to leprosy. Here, we test variants of the positional and functional candidate gene SOD2 for association with leprosy in 2 independent population samples. Family-based analysis revealed an association between leprosy and allele G of marker rs295340 (P = .042) and borderline evidence of an association between leprosy and alleles C and A of markers rs4880 (P = .077) and rs5746136 (P = .071), respectively. Findings were validated in an independent case-control sample for markers rs295340 (P = .049) and rs4880 (P = .038). These results suggest SOD2 as a newly identified gene conferring susceptibility to leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vinícius Medeiros Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre McGill International TB Centre Department of Human Genetics Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Renata Iani Werneck
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Leprosy—An intriguing disease. Clin Dermatol 2015; 33:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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