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Ni J, Zheng J, Mo G, Chen G, Li J, Cao L, Hu B, Liu H. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory effect of a starch-like Grifola frondosa polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:109011. [PMID: 38150753 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pure Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP-1) was extracted and purified from Grifola frondosa. By HPLC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR analysis, GFP-1 was determined to be a starch-like polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 3370 kDa. It included three monosaccharides, i.e., glucose, galactose, and mannose. The backbone of GFP-1 consisted of →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ and →4,6)-α-Glcp-(1 → . The side branches were composed of →6)-α-Galp-(1→, α-Glcp-(1→, and a small amount of α-Manp-(1 → . By using a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice model, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of GFP-1. The results showed that GFP-1 increased the thymic and spleen indices, promoted the level of IgG and IgA in serum, and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in CTX-induced mice. Also, GFP-1 significantly promoted the mRNA expression of intestinal barrier factors and protected intestinal structural integrity in immunosuppressed mice. In conclusion, the data presented here suggested that GFP-1 might be a potential immune-enhancing supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ni
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Guoyan Mo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Lu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
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