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Hadi Z, Mahmud M, Seemungal BM. Brain Mechanisms Explaining Postural Imbalance in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Brain Connect 2024; 14:144-177. [PMID: 38343363 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Persisting imbalance and falls in community-dwelling traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors are linked to reduced long-term survival. However, a detailed understanding of the impact of TBI upon the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance is lacking. To understand the state of the art concerning the brain mechanisms mediating imbalance in TBI, we performed a systematic review of the literature. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched and peer-reviewed research articles in humans, with any severity of TBI (mild, moderate, severe, or concussion), which linked a postural balance assessment (objective or subjective) with brain imaging (through computed tomography, T1-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-photon emission computed tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and evoked potentials) were included. Out of 1940 articles, 60 were retrieved and screened, and 25 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. Results: The most consistent finding was the link between imbalance and the cerebellum; however, the regions within the cerebellum were inconsistent. Discussion: The lack of consistent findings could reflect that imbalance in TBI is due to a widespread brain network dysfunction, as opposed to focal cortical damage. The inconsistency in the reported findings may also be attributed to heterogeneity of methodology, including data analytical techniques, small sample sizes, and choice of control groups. Future studies should include a detailed clinical phenotyping of vestibular function in TBI patients to account for the confounding effect of peripheral vestibular disorders on imbalance and brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeem Hadi
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Mahmud
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry M Seemungal
- Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kraus M, Hassannia F, Dabiri S, Vergara Olmos G, Rutka JA. Central Vestibular Dysfunction in Head Injury. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 53:19160216241250354. [PMID: 38888938 PMCID: PMC11155370 DOI: 10.1177/19160216241250354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to provide an overview of dizziness post head injury in those with prominent features for central vestibular dysfunction (CVD) in comparison to those with a post-traumatic peripheral vestibular etiology. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. SETTING University Health Network (UHN) Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) database from 1988 to 2018 were evaluated for post-traumatic dizziness. METHODS The UHN WSIB neurotology database (n = 4291) between 1998 and 2018 was retrospectively studied for head-injured workers presenting with features for CVD associated with trauma. All patients had a detailed neurotological history and examination, audiovestibular testing that included video nystagmography (VNG) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs). Imaging studies including routine brain and high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scans and/or intracranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were available for the majority of injured workers. RESULTS Among 4291 head-injured workers with dizziness, 23 were diagnosed with features/findings denoting CVD. Complaints of imbalance were significantly more common in those with CVD compared to vertigo and headache in those with peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Atypical positional nystagmus, oculomotor abnormalities and facial paralysis were more common in those with CVD. CONCLUSION Symptomatic post-traumatic central vestibular injury is uncommon. It occurred primarily following high-impact trauma and was reflective for a more severe head injury where shearing effects on the brain often resulted in diffuse axonal injury. Complaints of persistent imbalance and ataxia were more common than complaints of vertigo. Eye movement abnormalities were highly indicative for central nervous system injury even in those with minimal change on CT/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordechai Kraus
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka Medical School, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Southern Israel
| | - Fatemeh Hassannia
- Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sasan Dabiri
- Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriela Vergara Olmos
- Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Alexander Rutka
- Division of Otology/Neurotology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Šarkić B, Douglas JM, Simpson A. A cross-sectional survey of non-specialist Australian audio-vestibular clinical practice for traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:611-628. [PMID: 38167366 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2022.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored non-specialist audiological clinical practice in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and whether such practices incorporated considerations of TBI-related complexities pertaining to identification, diagnosis and management of associated auditory and vestibular disturbances. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey exploring clinical practice, TBI-related training and information provision was distributed to audiologists across Australia via Audiology Australia and social media. Fifty audiologists, 80% female and 20% male, participated in this study. Years of professional practice ranged from new graduate to more than 20 years of experience. RESULTS Clear gaps of accuracy in knowledge and practice across all survey domains relating to the identification, diagnosis and management of patients with auditory and/or vestibular deficits following TBI were evident. Further, of the surveyed audiologists working in auditory and vestibular settings, 91% and 86%, respectively, reported not receiving professional development for the diagnosis and management of post-traumatic audio-vestibular deficits. CONCLUSION Inadequate resources, equipment availability and TBI-related training may have contributed to the gaps in service provision, influencing audiological management of patients with TBI. A tailored TBI approach to identification, diagnosis and management of post-traumatic auditory and vestibular disturbances is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Šarkić
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacinta M Douglas
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Summer Foundation, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Simpson
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- College of Health & Human Services, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
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Yeates KO, Räisänen AM, Premji Z, Debert CT, Frémont P, Hinds S, Smirl JD, Barlow K, Davis GA, Echemendia RJ, Feddermann-Demont N, Fuller C, Gagnon I, Giza CC, Iverson GL, Makdissi M, Schneider KJ. What tests and measures accurately diagnose persisting post-concussive symptoms in children, adolescents and adults following sport-related concussion? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:780-788. [PMID: 37316186 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine what tests and measures accurately diagnose persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) in children, adolescents and adults following sport-related concussion (SRC). DESIGN A systematic literature review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus through March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Original, empirical, peer-reviewed findings (cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series) published in English and focused on SRC. Studies needed to compare individuals with PPCS to a comparison group or their own baseline prior to concussion, on tests or measures potentially affected by concussion or associated with PPCS. RESULTS Of 3298 records screened, 26 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, including 1016 participants with concussion and 531 in comparison groups; 7 studies involved adults, 8 involved children and adolescents and 11 spanned both age groups. No studies focused on diagnostic accuracy. Studies were heterogeneous in participant characteristics, definitions of concussion and PPCS, timing of assessment and the tests and measures examined. Some studies found differences between individuals with PPCS and comparison groups or their own pre-injury assessments, but definitive conclusions were not possible because most studies had small convenience samples, cross-sectional designs and were rated high risk of bias. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of PPCS continues to rely on symptom report, preferably using standardised symptom rating scales. The existing research does not indicate that any other specific tool or measure has satisfactory accuracy for clinical diagnosis. Future research drawing on prospective, longitudinal cohort studies could help inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zahra Premji
- Libraries, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chantel T Debert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre Frémont
- Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sidney Hinds
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smirl
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Barlow
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Sports Neuroscience, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colm Fuller
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sports Medicine Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Trauma Center, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher C Giza
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Smith RM, Burgess C, Tahtis V, Marsden J, Seemungal BM. Why are patients with acute traumatic brain injury not routinely assessed or treated for vestibular dysfunction in the UK? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067967. [PMID: 36592999 PMCID: PMC9809272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vestibular dysfunction is common in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (aTBI). Persisting vestibular symptoms (ie, dizziness and imbalance) are linked to poor physical, psychological and socioeconomic outcomes. However, routine management of vestibular dysfunction in aTBI is not always standard practice. We aimed to identify and explore any healthcare professional barriers or facilitators to managing vestibular dysfunction in aTBI. DESIGN A qualitative approach was used. Data were collected using face to face, semi-structured interviews and analysed using the Framework approach. SETTING Two major trauma centres in London, UK. PARTICIPANTS 28 healthcare professionals participated: 11 occupational therapists, 8 physiotherapists and 9 surgical/trauma doctors. RESULTS Vestibular assessment and treatment were not routinely undertaken by trauma ward staff. Uncertainty regarding responsibility for vestibular management on the trauma ward was perceived to lead to gaps in patient care. Interestingly, the term dizziness was sometimes perceived as an 'invisible' and vague phenomenon, leading to difficulties identifying or 'proving' dizziness and a tendency for making non-specific diagnoses. Barriers to routine assessment and treatment included limited knowledge and skills, a lack of local or national guidelines, insufficient training and concerns regarding the practical aspects of managing vestibular dysfunction. Of current trauma ward staff, therapists were identified as appropriate healthcare professionals to adopt new behaviours regarding management of a common form of vestibular dysfunction (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo). Strategies to support this behaviour change include heightened clarity around role, implementation of local or national guidelines, improved access to training and multidisciplinary support from experts in vestibular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study has highlighted that role and knowledge barriers exist to multidisciplinary management of vestibular dysfunction in aTBI. Trauma ward therapists were identified as the most appropriate healthcare professionals to adopt new behaviours. Several strategies are proposed to facilitate such behaviour change. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN91943864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Smith
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Burgess
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Barry M Seemungal
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Centre for Vestibular Neurology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Taylor RL, Wise KJ, Taylor D, Chaudhary S, Thorne PR. Patterns of vestibular dysfunction in chronic traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:942349. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.942349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDizziness and imbalance are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). While these symptoms are often attributed to vestibular dysfunction, the relative contribution of peripheral vs. central mechanisms is unclear. This study investigated the prevalence of semicircular canal and otolith abnormalities in a cohort of patients with chronic TBI and symptoms of dizziness or imbalance. The relationship between vestibular, oculomotor and posturography results was further explored.MethodsClinical records of patients attending the New Zealand Dizziness and Balance Centre from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed for consideration in the study. Inclusion required: an age of 18–80 years, a diagnosed TBI, and vestibular assessment using three-dimensional video head impulses (vHIT), cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (c and o VEMPs, respectively) and caloric testing. Severe TBI, pre-existing vestibular diagnoses, and incomplete test results were excluded. Rates of abnormalities were determined for each test and compared with results of oculomotor function testing and postural control, measured using the sensory organization test (SOT).ResultsOf 158 reviewed records, 99 patients aged 49 ± 15 years (59 female) fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the study. The median time between the head injury and the clinical assessment was 12 (IQR 6–21) months. Abnormalities involving one or more components of the vestibular labyrinth and/or nerve divisions were identified in 33 of 99 patients (33.3%). The horizontal semicircular canal was most frequently affected (18.2%), followed by the saccule (14.1%), utricle (8.1%), posterior (7.1%) and anterior (2.0%) semicircular canals. Vestibular test abnormalities were associated with skull-base fractures, superior canal dehiscence, and focal ear trauma. Oculomotor dysfunction and postural instability were recorded in 41.1 and 75.5% of patients, respectively. Postural instability correlated with abnormal oculomotor function (p = 0.008) but not peripheral vestibular hypofunction (p = 0.336).ConclusionsDizziness and/or imbalance in chronic TBI was associated with impaired postural stability for tasks requiring high levels of use of vestibular and visual input for balance. Vestibular hypofunction identified through vHIT, VEMP and caloric testing was recorded but was less common, except when the injury involved a fractured skull-base. There was no specific pattern of end-organ or nerve involvement which characterized this group of patients.
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Swan AA, Akin FW, Amuan ME, Riska KM, Hall CD, Kalvesmaki A, Padilla S, Crowsey E, Pugh MJ. Disruptive Dizziness Among Post-9/11 Veterans With Deployment-Related Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2022; 37:199-212. [PMID: 34320551 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify disruption due to dizziness symptoms following deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) and factors associated with receiving diagnoses for these symptoms. SETTING Administrative medical record data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). PARTICIPANTS Post-9/11 veterans with at least 3 years of VA care who reported at least occasional disruption due to dizziness symptoms on the comprehensive TBI evaluation. DESIGN A cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. MAIN MEASURES International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes of dizziness, vestibular dysfunction, and other postconcussive conditions; neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Increased access to or utilization of specialty care at the VA was significant predictors of dizziness and/or vestibular dysfunction diagnoses in the fully adjusted model. Veterans who identified as Black non-Hispanic and those with substance use disorder diagnoses or care were substantially less likely to receive dizziness and vestibular dysfunction diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Access to specialty care was the single best predictor of dizziness and vestibular dysfunction diagnoses, underscoring the importance of facilitating referrals to and utilization of specialized, comprehensive clinical facilities or experts for veterans who report disruptive dizziness following deployment-related TBI. There is a clear need for an evidence-based pathway to address disruptive symptoms of dizziness, given the substantial variation in audiovestibular tests utilized by US providers by region and clinical specialty. Further, the dearth of diagnoses among Black veterans and those in more rural areas underscores the potential for enhanced cultural competency among providers, telemedicine, and patient education to bridge existing gaps in the care of dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Swan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio (Dr Swan and Ms Crowsey); South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio (Dr Swan); James H Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee (Drs Akin and Hall); Departments of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology (Dr Akin) and Rehabilitative Sciences (Dr Hall), East Tennessee State University, Johnson City; Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (IDEAS 2.0), VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah (Mss Amuan and Padilla and Drs Kalvesmaki and Pugh); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Mss Amuan and Padilla and Drs Kalvesmaki and Pugh); Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Riska); and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Riska)
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Šarkić B, Douglas JM, Simpson A. 'I had nothing. It's just life experience that helped me through that situation': Australian audiologists' perspectives on audiological clinical practice for traumatic brain injury and rehabilitation. Brain Inj 2022; 36:886-897. [PMID: 35758048 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Australian Audiologists' perspectives on standard non-specialized clinical practice in the context of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) were examined, including the perceived barriers to optimal service provision. DESIGN A qualitative research design utilizing semi-structured interviews was conducted using purposive sampling. Nine participants were interviewed about their understanding of the impact of TBI on hearing and balance; identification, diagnosis and management of auditory and vestibular dysfunction following TBI; barriers to service delivery; training relating to complex clients (i.e., TBI); and awareness of referral pathways. RESULTS Three major themes, each with subthemes, were evident in the data. The major themes reflected general considerations of audiological professional culture and specific issues related to knowledge of TBI and clinical practice with patients. Analysis revealed that professional culture seemed to act as a contextual barrier and interacted with the perceived lack of TBI related knowledge to hinder optimal clinical practice in this patient population. CONCLUSION Application of the biopsychosocial model, including interdisciplinary care in the management of patients with TBI, is needed. An improvement in theoretical and practical knowledge encompassing the wide-ranging effects of TBI is critical for the optimal audiological service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Šarkić
- Discipline of Audiology, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jacinta M Douglas
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Summer Foundation, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Simpson
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,College of Health and Human Services, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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Marroney N, Beattie J, Hildebrand N, Flint T, Smith RM. Does training therapists to manage benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in patients with acute traumatic brain injury reduce vestibular neurology referrals? Brain Inj 2022; 36:822-826. [PMID: 35133230 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2034955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dizziness is common in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (aTBI). However, patients are not always managed by the ward team but instead are referred to a visiting vestibular neurology team or referred for outpatient follow-up. We aimed to ascertain whether training trauma ward therapists to manage a common form of post-traumatic dizziness (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [BPPV]) reduced referrals to a visiting vestibular neurology team. DESIGN Referrals of patients with aTBI with complaints of dizziness to the visiting vestibular neurology team were audited from the Major Trauma Centre at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Ward therapists subsequently received training on management of BPPV. Referrals to the vestibular neurology service were re-audited. Therapist confidence in assessing and treating BPPV was also assessed pre and post-training. RESULTS Pre-training, referral rate to the visiting vestibular neurology service was eight patients per month. Following training, referrals to the vestibular neurology service reduced by 35%. Therapist confidence improved significantly following training. CONCLUSIONS Training trauma ward therapists to manage BPPV reduced referrals to a visiting vestibular neurology service. Further research is necessary to assess implications for service and patient level parameters, such as length of stay and time to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Marroney
- Physiotherapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jenna Beattie
- Occupational Therapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Natalie Hildebrand
- Physiotherapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Flint
- Physiotherapy Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rebecca M Smith
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Tarnutzer AA, Weber KP, Bockisch CJ, Straumann D, Feddermann-Demont N. Vestibular performance in high-level soccer and ice hockey players: Sport-specific norm values and implications. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:81-88. [PMID: 34509343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantitative vestibular testing in athletes after sports-related concussion (SRC) has become more popular due to accompanying injuries of the peripheral-vestibular organs that require targeted treatment. Sports-specific normative values are currently not available. Taking into account potential adaptational mechanisms, we obtained sports-specific, age- and peak-head-velocity-corrected normative values of peripheral-vestibular function and postural-stability in football (soccer, FB) and ice-hockey (IH) players. DESIGN Retrospective single-center case-control study. METHOD Pre-seasonal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) gains and cumulative-saccadic-amplitudes were obtained using the video-head-impulse test and performance in the balance-error-scoring-system (BESS) was recorded and compared in high-level FB-players (n = 510, 197 females) and IH-players (n = 210, males only) (age-range = 13-39y) and in healthy normals (n = 49, 22 females). Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized linear model. RESULTS aVOR-gain values were significantly higher for FB-players than for IH-players (1.07 ± 0.21 vs. 0.98 ± 0.13, p < 0.001) and controls (1.07 ± 0.21 vs. 0.97 ± 0.17, p < 0.001). Significant age-related changes in aVOR-gains were only observed for the anterior and posterior canals in the IH-players. Cumulative-saccadic-amplitudes were clearly below established cut-off values (0.73°/trial). BESS scores were significantly higher in IH-players than in FB-players (15.4 ± 5.1 vs. 11.2 ± 4.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The significantly better performance of the FB players in the vertical aVOR-gains and the BESS compared to the IH-players could be related to sports-specific differences influencing visuo-vestibular and balance performance. Therefore, we recommend using the established normative aVOR-gain values for high-level FB-players, whereas in IH obtaining individual pre-seasonal (baseline) aVOR-gain values is proposed. Further studies should add sports-specific normative aVOR-gain values for IH and other sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Andrea Tarnutzer
- Schulthess Klinik, Swiss Concussion Center, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland; Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Neurology, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Peter Weber
- Schulthess Klinik, Swiss Concussion Center, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Bockisch
- Schulthess Klinik, Swiss Concussion Center, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Ophthalmology, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Straumann
- Schulthess Klinik, Swiss Concussion Center, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Switzerland
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- Schulthess Klinik, Swiss Concussion Center, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, Switzerland
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Šarkić B, Douglas JM, Simpson A, Vasconcelos A, Scott BR, Melitsis LM, Spehar SM. Frequency of peripheral vestibular pathology following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of literature. Int J Audiol 2021; 60:479-494. [PMID: 32907431 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1811905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the frequency of occurrence of peripheral vestibular dysfunction in adults who have sustained non-blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) as measured through the standard audiological vestibular test battery. DESIGN A systematic search of English language literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, hand-searching of reference lists and SCOPUS author search was conducted from January 1, 1990 to May 14, 2019. STUDY SAMPLES Twenty-three out of 417 originally identified articles were retained. TBI and peripheral vestibular findings were extracted and synthesised. RESULTS Quality appraisal using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) revealed Level 2b as the highest level of evidence. None of the primary studies explored vestibular deficits in acute settings, with data collected from tertiary institutions and in 20 of 23 studies retrospectively. Although retrospective studies provided important data, they fail to control for numerous threats to internal validity. BPPV was the most frequently identified peripheral vestibular deficit following TBI, diagnosed in 39.7% of 239 participants across six of 23 studies. CONCLUSIONS Further prospective longitudinal research into comparative recovery trajectories in patients across TBI severity levels would provide additional information to guide clinical diagnosis, prognosis and management of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Šarkić
- Discipline of Audiology, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacinta M Douglas
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Summer Foundation, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Simpson
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Vasconcelos
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bethany R Scott
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren M Melitsis
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Spehar
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Storløs B, Roaldsen KS, Soberg HL, Kleffelgaard I. Patient-specific functioning related to dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury – A cross sectional study using an ICF perspective. COGENT MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2021.1932247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Storløs
- Traumatic Brain Injury Unit, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1453 Bjørnemyr, Norway
| | - Kirsti Skavberg Roaldsen
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1453 Bjørnemyr, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Box 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, 23 100, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helene Lundgaard Soberg
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Box 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingerid Kleffelgaard
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Dizziness and Balance Disorders in a Traumatic Brain Injury Population: Current Clinical Approaches. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-021-00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Feddermann-Demont N, Chiampas G, Cowie CM, Meyer T, Nordström A, Putukian M, Straumann D, Kramer E. Recommendations for initial examination, differential diagnosis, and management of concussion and other head injuries in high-level football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1846-1858. [PMID: 32557913 PMCID: PMC9290574 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Head injuries can result in substantially different outcomes, ranging from no detectable effect to transient functional impairments to life‐threatening structural lesions. In high‐level international football (soccer) tournaments, on average, one head injury occurs in every third match. Making the diagnosis and determining the severity of a head injury immediately on‐pitch or off‐field is a major challenge for team physicians, especially because clinical signs of a brain injury can develop over several minutes, hours, or even days after the injury. A standardized approach is useful to support team physicians in their decision whether the player should be allowed to continue to play or should be removed from play after head injury. A systematic, football‐specific procedure for examination and management during the first 72 hours after head injuries and a graduated Return‐to‐Football program for high‐level players have been developed by an international group of experts based on current national and international guidelines for the management of acute head injuries. The procedure includes seven stages from the initial on‐pitch examination to the graduated Return‐to‐Football program. Details of the assessments and the consequences of different outcomes are described for each stage. Criteria for emergency management (red flags), removal from play (orange flags), and referral to specialists for further diagnosis and treatment (persistent orange flags) are provided. The guidelines for return to sport after concussion‐type head injury are specified for football. Thus, the present paper presents a comprehensive procedure for team physicians after a head injury in high‐level football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Feddermann-Demont
- University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georges Chiampas
- US Soccer Federation, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Emergency and Orthopedics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Margot Putukian
- University Health Services, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dominik Straumann
- University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Efraim Kramer
- Division of Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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van Gils A, Stone J, Welch K, Davidson LR, Kerslake D, Caesar D, McWhirter L, Carson A. Management of mild traumatic brain injury. Pract Neurol 2020; 20:213-221. [DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2018-002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and associated with a range of diffuse, non-specific symptoms including headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, hypersomnolence, attentional difficulties, photosensitivity and phonosensitivity, irritability and depersonalisation. Although these symptoms usually resolve within 3 months, 5%–15% of patients are left with chronic symptoms. We argue that simply labelling such symptoms as ‘postconcussional’ is of little benefit to patients. Instead, we suggest that detailed assessment, including investigation, both of the severity of the ‘mild’ injury and of the individual symptom syndromes, should be used to tailor a rehabilitative approach to symptoms. To complement such an approach, we have developed a self-help website for patients with mild TBI, based on neurorehabilitative and cognitive behavioural therapy principles, offering information, tips and tools to guide recovery: www.headinjurysymptoms.org.
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16
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Impact of anti-epileptic drug choice on discharge in acute traumatic brain injury patients. J Neurol 2020; 267:1774-1779. [PMID: 32130500 PMCID: PMC7293662 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Anti-epileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis in the first-seven days post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to reduce seizure frequency acutely. AED efficacy is equivalent; therefore, choice of AED may rest with their side-effects. We hypothesise that AEDs that impair balance will prolong recovery, shown by a longer hospital stay. We compared length of hospital stay (and reported dizziness) in TBI patients receiving the commonest AEDs used in our TBI patients, Phenytoin (which may cause imbalance), and Levetiracetam (which does not affect balance). Method A retrospective observational study was performed on TBI patients admitted to a Major Trauma Unit between October 2013 and June 2018. 100 of 278 patients treated with phenytoin or levetiracetam monotherapy for seizure prophylaxis were included. The inclusion criteria of admission Glasgow Coma Score of 14 or more and length of stay less than 3 weeks minimised confounding variables such as non-ambulant patients. Length of hospital stay and incidence of dizziness were assessed. Results The length of hospital stay was longer for patients on Phenytoin versus Levetiracetam, i.e., 10.74 vs. 7.58 days (p = 0.015; unpaired, two-sided t test). Dizziness reported by patients on phenytoin was 24% and levetiracetam was 8% (p = 0.018; Chi-squared test). Conclusion In this cohort, using Phenytoin for acute TBI, seizure prophylaxis was associated with longer length of stay and more dizziness compared to Levetiracetam. Given their equivalent AED efficacy in acute TBI seizure prophylaxis, our data suggest that Levetiracetam is preferable to Phenytoin for early seizure prophylaxis in TBI. This requires evaluation in larger, prospective studies.
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17
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Mucci V, Meier C, Bizzini M, Romano F, Agostino D, Ventura A, Bertolini G, Feddermann-Demont N. Combined Optokinetic Treatment and Vestibular Rehabilitation to Reduce Visually Induced Dizziness in a Professional Ice Hockey Player After Concussion: A Clinical Case. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1200. [PMID: 31849804 PMCID: PMC6896248 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The appropriate detection and therapy of concussion symptoms are of great importance to avoid long-term impairment and absence from pre-concussive activities, such as sport, school or work. Post-traumatic headache and dizziness are known as risk factors of persistent symptoms after a concussion. Dizziness has even been classified as a predictor for symptom persistence. One type of dizziness, which has never been considered is visually induced dizziness (VID) often develops as a consequence of vestibular impairment. This manuscript presents the clinical case of a 25-year-old male, professional ice hockey player, whereby a therapeutic approach to VID after concussion is demonstrated. Case: A detailed interdisciplinary clinical and laboratory-assisted neurological, neurovestibular and ocular-motor examination was performed 20 days post-concussion, which indicated VID symptoms. Thus, the player qualified for a 5-day combined vestibular, balance and optokinetic therapy, which aimed to reduce the player's increased sensitivity to visual information. Each treatment day consisted of two sessions: vestibular/ocular-motor training and exposure to optokinetic stimuli combined with postural control exercises. The optokinetic stimulus was delivered in the form of a rotating disk. VID symptoms were recorded daily via posturography and a visual analog scale prior to the optokinetic sessions. The player improved over the course of each treatment day and was able to return to ice hockey 15 days after the final treatment session. Three months later the player reported no symptoms in the follow up questionnaire. Conclusion: The combination of vestibular, balance and optokinetic therapy led to remission of VID symptoms in a professional ice hockey player after multiple concussions, within a short time frame after his last concussion. Thus, this case study highlights the significant benefit of treating post-concussive VID symptoms utilizing a multi-modal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mucci
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Meier
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fausto Romano
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Agostino
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni Bertolini
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- Swiss Concussion Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Vestibular dysfunction in acute traumatic brain injury. J Neurol 2019; 266:2430-2433. [PMID: 31201499 PMCID: PMC6765474 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the commonest cause of disability in under-40-year-olds. Vestibular features of dizziness (illusory self-motion) or imbalance which affects 50% of TBI patients at 5 years, increases unemployment threefold in TBI survivors. Unfortunately, vestibular diagnoses are cryptogenic in 25% of chronic TBI cases, impeding therapy. We hypothesized that chronic adaptive brain mechanisms uncouple vestibular symptoms from signs. This predicts a masking of vestibular diagnoses chronically but not acutely. Hence, defining the spectrum of vestibular diagnoses in acute TBI should clarify vestibular diagnoses in chronic TBI. There are, however, no relevant acute TBI data. Of 111 Major Trauma Ward adult admissions screened (median 38-years-old), 96 patients (87%) had subjective dizziness (illusory self-motion) and/or objective imbalance were referred to the senior author (BMS). Symptoms included: feeling unbalanced (58%), headache (50%) and dizziness (40%). In the 47 cases assessed by BMS, gait ataxia was the commonest sign (62%) with half of these cases denying imbalance when asked. Diagnoses included BPPV (38%), acute peripheral unilateral vestibular loss (19%), and migraine phenotype headache (34%), another potential source of vestibular symptoms. In acute TBI, vestibular signs are common, with gait ataxia being the most frequent one. However, patients underreport symptoms. The uncoupling of symptoms from signs likely arises from TBI affecting perceptual mechanisms. Hence, the cryptogenic nature of vestibular symptoms in TBI (acute or chronic) relates to a complex interaction between injury (to peripheral and central vestibular structures and perceptual mechanisms) and brain-adaptation, emphasizing the need for acute prospective, mechanistic studies.
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19
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Romano F, Bertolini G, Agostino D, Straumann D, Ramat S, Feddermann-Demont N. Functional Head Impulse Test in Professional Athletes: Sport-Specific Normative Values and Implication for Sport-Related Concussion. Front Neurol 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 31130909 PMCID: PMC6509415 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dizziness, slow visual tracking, or blurred vision following active head (or body) movements are among the most common symptoms reported following sport-related concussion, often related to concurrent dysfunctions of the vestibular system. In some cases, symptoms persist even if bedside and auxiliary standard vestibular tests are unremarkable. New functional tests have been developed in recent years to objectify neurological alterations that are not captured by standard tests. The functional head impulse test (fHIT) requires the patient to recognize an optotype that is briefly flashed during head rotations with various angular accelerations (2,001–6,000 deg/s2) and assesses the proportion if correct answers (pca). 268 active professional athletes (23.70 ± 5.32y) from six different sports were tested using fHIT. Pca were analyzed both pooling head acceleration in the range of 2,001–6,000 deg/s2 and computing a single pca value for each 1,000 deg/s2 bin in the range 2,001–8,000 deg/s2. No significant difference (p = 0.159) was found between responses to head impulses in the plane of horizontal (pca: 0.977) and vertical semicircular canals (pca: 0.97). The sport practiced had a major effect on the outcome of the fHIT. Handball players achieved a better performance (p < 0.001) than the whole athlete group, irrespective of the direction of head impulses. The pca achieved by athletes practicing snowboard, bob and skeleton were instead significantly below those of the whole athlete group (p < 0.001) but only when vertical head impulses were tested. Overall, pca declined with increasing head acceleration. The decline was particularly evident in the range not included in the standard fHIT exam, i.e., 6,001–8,000 deg/s2 for horizontal and 5,001–8,000 deg/s2 for vertical head impulses. When vertical head impulses were tested, athletes practicing snowboard, bob and skeleton (non-ball sports) showed, beside the lower overall pca, also a steeper decline as a function of vertical head acceleration. The findings suggest that: (1) functional VOR testing can help understanding sport-specific VOR requirements; (2) the fHIT is able to detect and objectify subtle, sport-specific changes of functional VOR performance; (3) if sport-specific normative values are used, the fHIT test procedure needs to be optimized, starting from the highest acceleration to minimize the number of head impulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Romano
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bertolini
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik Straumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ramat
- Department of Computer, Electric and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Papathanasiou ES, Cronin T, Seemungal B, Sandhu J. Electrophysiological testing in concussion: A guide to clinical applications. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700218812634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in concussion is difficult since it is often unwitnessed, the patient’s recall is unreliable and initial clinical examination is often unrevealing, correlating poorly with the extent of brain injury. At present, there are no objective biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in concussion. Thus, a sensitive gold standard test is required to enable the effective and safe triage of patients who present to the acute services. As well as triage, objective monitoring of patients’ recovery over time and separate from clinical features that patients may develop following the injury (e.g. depression and migraine) is also needed. In contrast to neuroimaging, which is widely used to investigate traumatic brain injury patients, electrophysiology is readily available, is cheap and there are internationally recognized standardised methodologies. Herein, we review the existing literature on electrophysiological testing in concussion and mild traumatic brain injury; specifically, electroencephalogram, polysomnography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, electro- and videonystagmography, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, visually evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios S Papathanasiou
- Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Clinic B, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas Cronin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Barry Seemungal
- Division of Brain Sciences, St Mary’s and Charing Cross Hospitals, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaswinder Sandhu
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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21
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Sargeant M, Sykes E, Saviour M, Sawhney A, Calzolari E, Arthur J, McGoldrick A, Seemungal BM. The utility of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool in hospitalized traumatic brain injury patients. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700218808121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version is a sports screening tool that is often used to support return to play decisions following a head injury. The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version is presumed to identify brain dysfunction (implying a degree of brain injury); however, the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool has never been validated with patients with definite acute brain injury. In this study, we found that all three Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version domains – symptoms, cognitive and balance assessments – were sensitive in discriminating traumatic brain injury patients (all with abnormal acute neuroimaging) from healthy controls. Through a correlation matrix (Bonferroni corrected), we found no correlation between the subjective (symptoms) and objective (examination) Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version assessments, e.g. complaints of imbalance and memory dysfunction were not correlated, respectively, with performance on testing balance and memory function. When relaxing the correction for multiple comparisons we found that of all Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version symptoms, a feeling of ‘pressure in the head’ had the largest number of co-correlations (including affective symptoms) and overwhelmingly in a pattern indicative of migraine. Taken together, that objective and subjective assessments in the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version are poorly correlated, could suggest that symptoms in the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd version poorly reflect brain injury but rather indicate non-brain injury processes such as migraine. It follows that the current prominent orthodoxy of resting athletes following a head injury until their symptoms settle for fear of exacerbating brain injury may be unfavourable for their recovery – at least in some cases. Prospective clinical studies would be required to assess patient recovery from concussion with early active investigation and treatment versus rest – a notion supported by recent international consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sargeant
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Sykes
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Saviour
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Sawhney
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Calzolari
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Arthur
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - BM Seemungal
- Brain and Vestibular Group, Neuro-Otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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22
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Kinne BL, Bott JL, Cron NM, Iaquaniello RL. Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation on concussion-induced vertigo: a systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2018.1517032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonni Lynn Kinne
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jamie Lynn Bott
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Marie Cron
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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23
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Kleffelgaard I, Soberg HL, Tamber AL, Bruusgaard KA, Pripp AH, Sandhaug M, Langhammer B. The effects of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness and balance problems in patients after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2018; 33:74-84. [PMID: 30056743 DOI: 10.1177/0269215518791274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of group-based vestibular rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University Hospital (recruitment and baseline assessments) and Metropolitan University (experimental intervention). SUBJECTS: A total of 65 patients (45 women) with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (mean age 39.4 ± 13.0 years) were randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 33) or control group ( n = 32). INTERVENTION: Group-based vestibular rehabilitation for eight weeks. Participants were tested at baseline (3.5 ± 2.1 months after injury) and at two post-intervention follow-ups (2.7 ± 0.8 and 4.4 ± 1.0 months after baseline testing). MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome: Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Secondary outcome: High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool. Other outcomes: Vertigo Symptom Scale; Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; and Balance Error Scoring System. Between-group differences were analyzed with a linear mixed-model analysis for repeated measurements. RESULTS: At baseline, no group differences were revealed (personal factors, clinical characteristics and outcome measures). At the first follow-up, statistically significant mean differences in favor of the intervention were found in the primary (-8.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): -16.6 to -0.9) and secondary outcomes (3.7 points, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0). At the second follow-up, no significant between-group differences were found. No significant between-group differences in the other outcomes were found at the two follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The intervention appeared to speed up recovery for patients with dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury. However, the benefits had dissipated two months after the end of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingerid Kleffelgaard
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Lundgaard Soberg
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Tamber
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Are Hugo Pripp
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,4 Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Birgitta Langhammer
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,6 Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate vestibular function in adults with chronic epilepsy of unknown etiology in the inter-ictal period. BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a chronic medical disorder. Life-long therapy may be required in one-third of patients. Epilepsy is associated with comorbid somatic conditions which impairs patients' quality of life. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 28 with generalized tonic clonic (GTC) convulsions and 14 and 3 with temporal (TLE) and frontal lobe (FLE) epilepsies with secondary generalization (all were on regular carbamazepine therapy) and 40 healthy control subjects. The patients' mean age was 34.97 ± 7.35 years and the duration of illness was 18.75 ± 7.99 years. All underwent videonystagmography (VNG). RESULTS Compared with controls, patients had frequent vestibular symptoms including dizziness (62.22%) (p = 0.0001) and sense of imbalance (44.44%) (p = 0.0001). Eleven patients (24.44%) had central vestibular dysfunction (p = 0.0001); 9 (20%) had mixed vestibular dysfunction and one (2.22%) had peripheral vestibular dysfunction (p = 0.0001). Abnormalities were observed in saccadic (44.4%) and pursuit (42.2%) eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus (42.2%) and positioning/positional (11.11%) and caloric (13.33%) testing. TLE and FLE were associated with more VNG abnormalities than GTC. No significant differences were observed in the demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with and without VNG abnormalities. CONCLUSION Vestibular manifestations are frequent in patients with epilepsy. This may be a result of the permanent damaging effect of chronic epilepsy on the vestibular cortical areas and/or a toxic effect from prolonged carbamazepine therapy on the peripheral and central vestibular systems.
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