Smoking and age-at-onset of both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017;
45:94-96. [PMID:
28988683 DOI:
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.09.022]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Several evidence suggest that smoking may decrease the risk of Parkinson's disease and is associated with an older age-at-onset of motor signs. The relation between smoking and age-at-onset of non-motor symptoms has never been analyzed. Objective of the study is to evaluate whether smoking habit and pack-years of smoking are associated with a delay of age-at-onset of motor signs, and of some non-motor symptoms.
METHODS
The study population consisted of 262 consecutive parkinsonian patients. Information on relevant demographic/clinical data focused on motor signs, REM sleep behavior disorder, constipation, depression, and hyposmia. Patients were stratified according to smoking habit (ever-versus never-smoker) and number of pack-years of smoking was computed. Repeatability of data on age-at-onset was checked 6 months after the initial interview in a randomly recruited subsample.
RESULTS
Smoking habit and number of pack-years smoked were associated with an older in age-at-onset of motor signs, REM sleep behavior disorder and depression. By contrast, smoking did not affect age-at-onset of hyposmia and constipation.
CONCLUSION
information from this study confirms that smoking may be associated with an older age-at-onset of motor signs, and that a similar effect can be observed on some non-motor symptoms like REM sleep behavior and depression.
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