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Hah H, Lee Y, Lee HW, Jeon JY. Optic neuritis associated with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: a case report. ENCEPHALITIS 2023; 3:94-96. [PMID: 37500101 PMCID: PMC10368526 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2023.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that primarily affects the optic nerve and is often associated with multiple sclerosis. While it is rare for optic neuritis to be accompanied by autoimmune encephalitis, it can occur in some cases. A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder presented with a progressively altered mentality. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed no definite abnormal findings. Electroencephalography revealed nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Cerebrospinal fluid study and autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis antibodies were negative. The patient was diagnosed with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis and treated with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. Her condition gradually improved except for persistent blindness on the left side. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis even in the absence of identifiable pathogenic antibodies when clinical manifestations and response to immunotherapy support such a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Hah
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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2
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Liu W, Li Z, Li J, Zhou D. Clinical Characteristics of Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Overlapping with Demyelinating Diseases: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857443. [PMID: 35837405 PMCID: PMC9273846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), a common autoimmune encephalitis, can be accompanied by demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). To compare the clinical characteristics of patients with different overlapping syndromes, we searched the PubMed database and performed a systematic review. Of the 79 patients with overlapping syndromes, 15 had MS, 18 had aquaporin-4-antibody-positive NMOSD (AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD), and 46 had MOGAD. Compared with classical NMDARe, overlapping syndromes showed atypical symptoms, such as limb weakness, sensory disturbance, and visual impairments in addition to the main symptoms of NMDARe and a lower ratio of ovarian teratoma. Patients with MOGAD overlap were the youngest, while patients with MS and AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD overlap tended to be older than patients with classical NMDARe. A majority of patients with NMDARe who overlapped with MS or AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD were female, but this was not the case for patients overlapped with MOGAD. When NMDARe and demyelinating diseases occurred sequentially, the interval was the longest in patients with NMDARe overlapped with MS. A favorable outcome was observed in patients overlapping with MOGAD, but no robust comparison can be drawn with the patients overlapping with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD and MS regarding the small number of available data. The long-term prognosis of overlapping syndromes needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuoxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinmei Li, ; Dong Zhou,
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinmei Li, ; Dong Zhou,
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Liu X, Giri M, Ling W, Li T. Optic neuritis associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibody in the remission phase of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurol India 2021; 68:474-477. [PMID: 32415028 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.283754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antibodies encephalitis is also mediated by the inappropriate immunological response. We report a girl who was readmitted because of unilateral eye pain and vision impairment in the remission period of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Based on the limited available literature on the treatment of optic neuritis associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibody, she was treated with a combination of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin with clinical improvement. Optic neuritis in the remission phase of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis remains relatively uncommon. It is important to document and follow these patients to understand the pathogenesis of optic neuritis in the setting of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and formulate effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu 610045, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohan Giri
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Ling
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu 610045, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingsong Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis following neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case report. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2999-3001. [PMID: 33641051 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tappatà M, Riguzzi P, Volpi L, Albini Riccioli L, Pantieri R, Michelucci R. Long-term persistence of NMDAR antibodies after encephalitis with de novo occurrence of demyelinating disorder. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:301-303. [PMID: 32989588 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The issue of persistence of NMDAR antibodies after encephalitis is not fully elucidated and their relationship with demyelinating disorders has been suggested. A female patient showed at the age of 18 an acute neurological disorder (with psychiatric symptoms, focal seizures, orofacial dyskinesias and hypoventilation requiring ventilatory support) clinically mimicking anti-NMDAR encephalitis. At that time specific laboratory tests were not available, CSF revealed oligoclonal bands and MRI was negative. The patient had full recovery after first line immunotherapy (i.v. steroids and immunoglobulins). Fifteen years later, at the age of 33, she was hospitalized with subacute right hemiparesis and MRI disclosed multiple T2 hyperintensities in the white matter, one of them in the left midbrain showing contrast enhancement. Serum and CSF NMDAR antibodies were positive while MOG and AQP4 antibodies were negative. Intravenous methylprednisolone led to complete recovery. This case report provides evidence of a long-term persistence of NMDAR antibodies even 15 years after the encephalitis and raises the suspicion of a possible causal relationship between NMDAR antibodies and demyelinating disorders in the form of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tappatà
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riguzzi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lilia Volpi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Albini Riccioli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neuroradiology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Pantieri
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Michelucci
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Du L, Wang H, Zhou H, Chang H, Wei Y, Cong H, Xu W, Ma Y, Song T, Zhang X, Yin L. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis concomitant with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody diseases: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21238. [PMID: 32756102 PMCID: PMC7402765 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) can coexist with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-ab) disease.To characterize MOG-ab disease during NMDARe, we analyzed all the patients with MOG-ab disease and NMDARe from our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 and data from a systematical review of previously published reports. Details of the patients identified were summarized and literature was reviewed.Four of thirty (14.2%) patients with anti-NMDARe had overlapping MOG-ab disease in our department. Analyze together with previously reported cases. Thirty-two NMDARe patients had overlapping MOG-ab disease. The onset age ranged from 3 to 48 years. Twenty-four patients (74%) developed abnormal behavior or cognitive dysfunction during the episodes of anti-NMDARe. None of these patients had tumors. 84% (27/32) patients received high doses of steroids as first-line immunotherapy and 28% (9/32) received mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to prevent relapse. Twenty-six of twenty-seven (96%) had a good outcome.Steroids are the most common first-line immunotherapies in NMDARe overlapping MOG-ab disease. Most of the NMDARe patients overlapping MOG-ab disease have a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hengri Cong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangshu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuetao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Song
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Belova AN, Grygorieva VN, Rasteryaeva MV, Ruina EA, Belova EM, Solovieva VS, Boyko AN. [Anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with relapsing optic neuritis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:105-113. [PMID: 32678556 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptors (anti-NMDAR encephalitis), is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis. The disease is curable, however, the lack of timely therapy can lead to the disability of patients or to the death. Difficulties in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are caused by the heterogeneity of its manifestations, a possible overlapping with other autoimmune diseases and insufficient awareness about this form of encephalitis. This article describes the case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with recurrent optic neuritis which might be an atypical manifestation for this disease. Optic neuritis could not be explained by overlapping with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Belova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V N Grygorieva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M V Rasteryaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E A Ruina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E M Belova
- City Clinical Hospital No. 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V S Solovieva
- City Clinical Hospital No. 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A N Boyko
- Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare and chronic disabling autoimmune astrocytopathy of the central nervous system. Current advances regarding aquaporin-4 antibody function facilitate the understanding of clinical manifestations and imaging findings beyond optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The current definition of NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) includes both aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive and seronegative patients who present with characteristic findings. This review will briefly summarize the pathophysiology and the latest NMOSD diagnostic criteria and focus on the NMOSD imaging findings and its differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Che Hung
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Hou C, Wu W, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Zeng Y, Peng B, Zheng K, Li X, Chen W. Clinical analysis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with MOG antibody in children. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 42:102018. [PMID: 32234601 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features in children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG ab). METHODS Clinical data of 7 children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis combined with MOG ab(+) were collected in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January, 2016 to June, 2019. Children with NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) and MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) were randomly selected as controls. RESULTS Onset age was 6.0 (IQR 5.0-7.0) years old, male to female was 2:5. Prominent symptoms include abnormal mental behavior (7/7), sleep disorder (6/7), speech disorder (6/7), involuntary movement (4/7) and paralysis (4/7). There were significant differences between NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(+) group versus MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) and NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) group versus MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) group (P< 0.0167, Fisher exact tests) in abnormal mental behavior, sleep disorder, speech disorder and involuntary movement. 1 case developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis 1 year after recovery from MOG ab related acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). 4 cases developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MOG ab related ADEM simultaneously, with 2 cases relapsed. 2 cases were anti-NMDAR encephalitis with only MOG ab positive. In terms of MRI, there were differences in subcortical white matter, basal ganglia and brainstem (P < 0.0167, Fisher exact tests) between NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(+) group versus NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) (P < 0.0001) and NMDAR ab(+)/MOG ab(-) group versus MOG ab(+)/NMDAR ab(-) group(P<0.0001). There were significant differences in MOG antibody titer (Z = -=2.03, P = 0.042) and duration (Z = -1.97, P = 0.049) between relapsed and non-relapsed patients. 3 cases had neurological sequelae. The differences of NMDAR antibody titer (Z = -2.22, P = 0.026) and duration (Z = -2.18, P = 0.029) were significant between patients with and without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION NMDAR and MOG antibodies can coexist in children with autoimmune encephalitis. Double antibody positive subjects had more overlaps in clinical manifestations with NMDAR encephalitis, and more overlaps in MRI changes with MOG ab related disease. Higher persistent MOG antibody titer may indicate recurrence, while higher persistent NMDAR antibodies titer may cause neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Wenlin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yiru Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Bingwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Kelu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Wenxiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, The 9# Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
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Belova AN, Grygorieva VN, Rasteryaeva MV, Ruina EA, Belova EM, Solovieva VS, Boyko AN. [Anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with relapsing optic neuritis: a case report and differential diagnosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 119:137-146. [PMID: 31934999 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911910137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptors, or anti-NMDAR encephalitis, is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis. The disease is curable, however, the lack of timely therapy can lead to the disability of patients or to the death. Difficulties in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are caused by the heterogeneity of its manifestations, a possible overlapping with other autoimmune diseases and insufficient awareness about this form of encephalitis. This article presents the literature review and describes the case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with recurrent optic neuritis, which might be an atypical manifestation for this disease. Optic neuritis could not be explained by overlapping with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Belova
- FSBEI HE 'Privolzhsky Research Medical University', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V N Grygorieva
- FSBEI HE 'Privolzhsky Research Medical University', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M V Rasteryaeva
- FSBEI HE 'Privolzhsky Research Medical University', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E A Ruina
- FSBEI HE 'Privolzhsky Research Medical University', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E M Belova
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institute 'City Clinical Hospital #3', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V S Solovieva
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institute 'City Clinical Hospital #3', Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A N Boyko
- Pirogov National Russian Scientific Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia
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Pérez CA, Agyei P, Gogia B, Harrison R, Samudralwar R. Overlapping autoimmune syndrome: A case of concomitant anti-NMDAR encephalitis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 339:577124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tao S, Zhang Y, Ye H, Guo D. AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) coexisting with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis: A case report and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:185-192. [PMID: 31398657 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can coexist with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Patients with overlapping Aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD and anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive NMDAR antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rare but should not be ignored. METHODS A unique case of NMOSD coexisting with anti-NMDAR encephalitis is presented. Case reports of AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD overlapping with anti-NMDAR encephalitis with positive NMDAR antibodies in the CSF were reviewed. RESULTS A 61-year-old female presented with headache, blurred vision, dysuria, limb weakness, coma, respiratory failure, and hypotension. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal signals in the left temporal lobe, white matter around the bilateral ventricles, midbrain, medulla oblongata, cervical, and upper thoracic medulla. AQP4-IgG antibodies were positive in the serum and CSF. NMDAR antibodies were positive in the CSF. The patient's condition was stable following intravenous gamma globulin, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and symptomatic support treatments. Only a single met the criteria of NMOSD simultaneously coexisting with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in addition to our own case. CONCLUSIONS This case provides further evidence for the occurrence of NMOSD with AQP4-IgG-seropositive overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a Chinese patient. The mechanisms underlying the occurrence of double positive antibodies remains elusive. When NMOSD patients show unusual symptoms (abnormal behavior, prominent psychiatric manifestations, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction), or atypical supratentorial lesions, the coexistence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Tao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
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Rojc B, Podnar B, Graus F. A case of recurrent MOG antibody positive bilateral optic neuritis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Different biological evolution of the two associated antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 328:86-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shahmohammadi S, Doosti R, Shahmohammadi A, Mohammadianinejad SE, Sahraian MA, Azimi AR, Harirchian MH, Asgari N, Naser Moghadasi A. Autoimmune diseases associated with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 27:350-363. [PMID: 30476871 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly involves optic nerves and spinal cord. Since the introduction of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) as a separate entity, there have been many reports on its association with other disorders including systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Here, we reviewed other immune-mediated diseases associated with NMOSD and tried to categorize them. METHODS The present review was conducted using the PUBMED database based on papers from 1976 (i.e., since the first NMO comorbidity with SLE was reported) to 2017. We included all articles published in English. The keywords utilized included Neuromyelitis optica, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, Devic's disease, in combination with comorbidity or comorbidities. RESULTS Diseases with immune-based pathogenesis are the most frequently reported co-morbidities associated with NMOSD, most of which are antibody-mediated diseases. According to literature, Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are the most frequently reported diseases associated with NMOSD among systemic autoimmune diseases. Further, myasthenia gravis in neurological and autoimmune thyroid diseases in non-neurological organ-specific autoimmune diseases are the most reported comorbidities associated with NMOSD in the literature. CONCLUSIONS NMOSD may be associated with a variety of different types of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, systemic or laboratory signs which are not typical for NMOSD should be properly investigated to exclude other associated comorbidities. These comorbidities may affect the treatment strategy and may improve the patients' care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Shahmohammadi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Doosti
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abootorab Shahmohammadi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Azimi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- Iranian center for neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- Owens-gruppen Næstved/Slagelse/Ringsted Sygehuse, Region Sjælland J.B. Winsløws Vej 9, indgang B, 1. Sal 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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15
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An unusual case of anti-MOG CNS demyelination with concomitant mild anti-NMDAR encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 320:107-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Fan S, Xu Y, Ren H, Guan H, Feng F, Gao X, Ding D, Fang F, Shan G, Guan T, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Yao M, Peng B, Zhu Y, Cui L. Comparison of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) when they co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20:144-152. [PMID: 29414288 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody (ab) disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis (NMDARe). OBJECTIVES To characterize MOG-ab disease and AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD during NMDARe. METHODS We analyzed all the patients with overlapping MOG-ab disease and NMDARe (MNOS) and patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and NMDARe (ANOS) in our hospital and compared those data with data from systematically review of previously published reports. RESULTS In our cohorts, 11.9% patients with MOG-ab disease and 0.6% patients with NMOSD had overlapping NMDARe (P < 0.01). After treatment with steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of the MNOS group decreased significantly during attacks associated with or without NMDARe (P < 0.01 for both), while that of the ANOS group did not (attack: P < 0.05; attack associated with NMDARe: P > 0.05). Analyzed together with previously reported cases, 6% patients with MNOS and 40% patients with ANOS also used rituximab or cyclophosphamide after steroids and/or IVIg (P < 0.05) during attacks associated with NMDARe. CONCLUSION Compared with NMOSD, MOG-ab disease may more commonly co-exist with NMDARe. MNOS patients respond better to steroids and IVIg than do ANOS patients during attacks associated with NMDARe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjia Guan
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Neurosciences Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lynch DR, Rattelle A, Dong YN, Roslin K, Gleichman AJ, Panzer JA. Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Clinical Features and Basic Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 82:235-260. [PMID: 29413523 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In slightly more than 10 years, anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has changed from a rare paraneoplastic syndrome to the most common cause of nonviral encephalitis. It presents fulminantly with progressive psychosis, seizures, and autonomic dysfunction, leading to death if untreated. However, rapid recognition and treatment can lead to survival and a return to baseline levels of functioning in many patients. While initially associated with ovarian teratomas, it is now associated with other tumors and can reflect a postviral event. The antibodies to the NMDAR made in this syndrome are pathogenic and are directed at the extracellular domain of the GluN1 subunit. Such antibodies lead to internalization of NMDARs in model systems, leading to a physiological state characterized by NMDAR hypofunction. Analogous disorders, characterized by antibodies to other synaptic receptors, present with neurological and psychiatric dysfunction and also appear to reflect antibody-induced internalization of receptors. However, this simple pathophysiology may be too simplistic to reflect the complexity of events in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Future scientific investigations may allow a more complete understanding of this disorder and improve treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lynch
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Amy Rattelle
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yi Na Dong
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kylie Roslin
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amy J Gleichman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica A Panzer
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Han J, Yang MG, Zhu J, Jin T. Complexity and wide range of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: more than typical manifestations. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2653-2660. [PMID: 29118581 PMCID: PMC5659226 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s147360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), considered to be mediated by autoantibodies, often cause severely disabling disorders of the central nervous system, and predominantly cause optic nerve damage and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Remarkable progress has been made in deciphering NMO pathogenesis during the past decade. In 2015, the International Panel for NMO Diagnosis proposed the unifying term "NMO spectrum disorders" (NMOSD) and the updated NMOSD criteria reflects a wide range of disease and maintains reasonable specificity. Moreover, cumulative findings have indicated that NMOSD are frequently associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, thereby presenting complex clinical symptoms that make this disease more difficult to recognize. Notably, most neurologists do not heed these symptoms or comorbid conditions in patients with NMOSD. Whereas previous reviews have focused on pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis in NMOSD, we summarize the present knowledge with particular emphasis on atypical manifestations and autoimmune comorbidities in patients with NMOSD. Furthermore, we emphasized the identification of these atypical characteristics to enable a broader and better understanding of NMOSD, and improve early accurate diagnosis and therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng-Ge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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