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Liu Z, Zhang H, Liu S, Hou Y, Chi G. The Dual Role of Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes and Their Contents in the Process of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:33-42. [PMID: 36373321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Millions of patients worldwide are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the number of patients with AD is increasing. However, current treatment can only improve symptoms but cannot cure the disease. Astrocytes, glial cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in support, nutrition, protection, and information transmission in the nervous system. Pathological changes in astrocytes are closely associated with the development and progression of AD. As carriers for material and information exchange between astrocytes and other neural cells, astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) have been widely studied in recent years, and ADE secretion has been shown to be increased in patients with AD and animal models of AD. ADEs contain a variety of substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The contents of ADEs can effectively control oxidative stress and detoxification during the early development of AD, thereby playing positive and negative roles in the occurrence and development of AD. In this review, we elaborate on the functions of ADEs and their components in AD and discuss their applications in AD research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiji Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li L, Yu X, Sheng C, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Han Y, Jiang J. A review of brain imaging biomarker genomics in Alzheimer’s disease: implementation and perspectives. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:42. [PMID: 36109823 PMCID: PMC9476275 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with phenotypic changes closely associated with both genetic variants and imaging pathology. Brain imaging biomarker genomics has been developed in recent years to reveal potential AD pathological mechanisms and provide early diagnoses. This technique integrates multimodal imaging phenotypes with genetic data in a noninvasive and high-throughput manner. In this review, we summarize the basic analytical framework of brain imaging biomarker genomics and elucidate two main implementation scenarios of this technique in AD studies: (1) exploring novel biomarkers and seeking mutual interpretability and (2) providing a diagnosis and prognosis for AD with combined use of machine learning methods and brain imaging biomarker genomics. Importantly, we highlight the necessity of brain imaging biomarker genomics, discuss the strengths and limitations of current methods, and propose directions for development of this research field.
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Benkert H, Bhatia S, Mirza-Davies A, Tan ZX, Harrison JR. Challenges in diffusion MRI meta-analysis: A discussion of "Genetic influences on white matter and metabolism abnormal change in Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis for neuroimaging research on presenilin 1 mutation". Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106279. [PMID: 33091654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Benkert
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Sanchita Bhatia
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anastasia Mirza-Davies
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhao Xuan Tan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Judith R Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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Wang H, Sun R, Shi Y, Xia M, Zhao J, Yang M, Ma L, Sun Y, Li G, Zhang H, Qin W, Zhang J. Probable Novel PSEN1 Gln222Leu Mutation in a Chinese Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:764-769. [PMID: 31385772 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190806161342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of occurrence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing around the world. However, there is still no significant breakthrough in the study of its etiology and pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To screen Alzheimer's disease pathogenic genes, which may be conducive to the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease And predict the pathogenicity by various computer software. METHODS Clinical and neuroimaging examination, Whole Exome Sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were performed in the proband. Mutation sites were verified in 158 subjects. RESULTS We reported a proband carrying a probably novel pathogenic mutation, which clinically manifests as progressive memory loss, visual-spatial disorders, apraxia, psychobehavioral disorders, and temperamental and personality changes. Whole Exome Sequencing detected a novel missense mutation at codon 222 (Q222L), which is a heterozygous A to T point mutation at position 665 (c.665A>T) in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 leading to a glutamine-to-leucine substitution. The mutation was also identified by Sanger sequencing in one family member; nevertheless, it was not detected in the other 7 unaffected family members, 50 sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients and 100 control subjects. CONCLUSION A novel mutation in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 gene (Gln222Leu) in a Chinese family with early-onset Alzheimer's disease has been reported, besides, it was predicted that the missense mutation was probably a novel pathogenic mutation that was reported for the first time in a Chinese family with early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingrong Xia
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gai Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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