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Pereira C, Calado AM, Sampaio AC. The effect of benzyl isothiocyanate on Candida albicans growth, cell size, morphogenesis, and ultrastructure. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:153. [PMID: 32939678 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that may become pathogenic and even lethal to the host. Over the last few decades, antifungal resistance has increased, promoting screening of the antifungal potential of old and new substances. This study investigates the antifungal potential of isothiocyanates (ITCs) against C. albicans oral isolates. A preliminary susceptibility disk diffusion test (DD) was performed using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocynanate (BITC) and phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) at a fixed concentration range (0.001-0.1 M). Because C. albicans isolates were more susceptible to BITC and PEITC, their effect on cell size and on germ tube formation (GTF) were tested. The most promising molecule, BITC, was further tested for effects on cell viability, oxidative stress and for ultrastructure. ITCs, especially the aromatic ones, had a significant type-, dose- and isolate-dependent anti-Candida activity. Although BITC and PEITC had similar activity against the yeast cells, BITC had a more pronounced effect on cell size and GTF. Furthermore, BITC appears to induce oxidative stress and promote changes in the cell ultrastructure, interfering with cell wall structure. Our work showed that aromatic ITCs have the potential to effect C. albicans cells in multiple ways, including size, shape and GTF (BITC and PEITC), oxidative stress, and ultrastructure (BITC). Overall, our results suggest that BITC may be effectively used against C. albicans to modulate its growth, and control or suppress its invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheila Pereira
- Department of Biology and Environment, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Calado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Sampaio
- Department of Biology and Environment, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Moreira-Oliveira SS, Amaral-Machado L, de Oliveira WN, Alencar ÉN, Zatta KC, de Souza LBFC, Medeiros ADC, Chaves GM, Egito EST. Buccal Bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E257. [PMID: 30513861 PMCID: PMC6320908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC) is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms of the genus Candida, leading to lesions in the buccal cavity. Its treatment consists of the administration of topical or systemic antifungal agents, which may compromise the patient compliance due to its side effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. In this scenario, bullfrog oil, an animal oil composed of a pool of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, is introduced as a potential antifungal raw material. Thus, the aim of this work was to produce a mucoadhesive emulsified system able to deliver the bullfrog oil in the buccal cavity to treat the OC. The emulsion was produced and characterized by visual inspection, droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential over the course of 60 days. In addition, its mucoadhesive ability was evaluated using an in vitro mucin model. The antifungal activity, evaluated by the broth microdilution assay and the biocompatibility, performed against human erythrocytes, were also carried out. The emulsion showed a droplet size of 320.79 ± 35.60 nm, a PdI of 0.49 ± 0.08, and a zeta potential of -38.53 ± 6.23 mV, with no significant changes over 60 days. The mucoadhesive properties of the system was improved by the use of pharmaceutical excipients. The antifungal activity showed that the bullfrog oil and the emulsion were able to inhibit the growth of different Candida species. Furthermore, the emulsion showed no significant hemolytic effect. Overall, the system showed suitable physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility, with substantial in vitro antifungal activity, suggesting that this system can be further investigated for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susiane S Moreira-Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Amaral-Machado
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Wógenes Nunes de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Éverton N Alencar
- Laboratory of Dispersed Systems (LaSiD), UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristine Zatta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga-2752-Santana, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Luanda B F C de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Aldo da Cunha Medeiros
- Department of Surgery, UFRN Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Eryvaldo S T Egito
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Dispersed Systems (LaSiD), UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Praia de Areia Branca, 8948, Natal 59094-450, RN, Brazil.
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