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Abdulhadi IG, Al-Mahdawi AM, Hamdan FB. Electrophysiological findings in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2021; 87:151-157. [PMID: 34610569 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome (RLS) manifests as an urge to move the body to relieve the discomfortable sensations, primarily when resting, sitting, laying down, or sleeping. Diagnosis of RLS relies on clinical criteria, and the immobilization test was the only instrumental tool with equivocal results. OBJECTIVES To assess different electrophysiological findings in patients with RLS, and compare the diagnostic values of these parameters in the diagnosis of RLS. METHODS 30 patients with primary RLS and 30 controls who were matched for age and gender were studied. Participant's demographics, laboratory findings, and electrophysiological test, namely nerve conduction studies (NCS), cutaneous silent period (CSP), H reflex and sympathetic skin response (SSR), F-wave latency, amplitude, F-wave duration (FWD), and the ratio between FWD and duration of the corresponding compound muscle action potential (FWD/CMAPD) were analyzed. RESULTS None of the patients showed altered NCS data. FWD of upper (12.37 ± 2.77 ms) and lower limb (21.71 ± 5.24 ms) were significantly longer in patients. Also, FWD/CMAP duration of the upper (1.03 ± 0.2) and lower limb (2.02 ± 0.55) was longer in patients. Likewise, they exhibited delayed CSP latency from TA (110.62 ± 13.73 ms) and APB (77.35 ± 12.16 ms) whereas the CSP duration from TA and APB was decreased (37.36 ± 11.59 ms; 42.55 ± 7.97 ms, respectively). The SSR latency was not different, and right-sided H reflex amplitude (5.07 ± 3.98 mV) and H/M ratio (0.65 ± 1.81) were significantly increased in the patient group. CONCLUSION The data suggest that there may be a dysfunction of the inhibitory/excitatory circuits at a spinal level; and no pathology in the peripheral nerves. The unilateral difference of H reflex amplitude and H/M ratio may suggest asymmetrical central inhibitory dysfunction. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are now needed to evaluate the pathophysiology of RLS with different neurophysiological assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farqad Bader Hamdan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Association between restless legs syndrome and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2423-2442. [PMID: 33772991 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The coexistence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom disease is relatively frequent, but its prevalence has shown a high variability across studies. In addition, several reports have shown data suggesting the presence of PN in patients with idiopathic RLS. METHODS A search was undertaken using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Databases, from 1966 to 6 December 2020, crossing the search term 'restless legs syndrome' with 'neuropathy', 'polyneuropathy' (PNP) and 'peripheral neuropathy', and the references of interest for this topic were identified; a meta-analysis was performed, according to PRISMA guidelines, and a calculation of pooled prevalences, where appropriate, was made using standard methods. RESULTS Restless legs syndrome has been reported in 5.2%-53.7% of patients with PN (average 21.5%; 95% confidence interval 18.6%-24.5%), and PN has been reported in 0%-87.5% of patients with RLS (average 41.8%; 95% confidence interval 39.9%-43.6%), both being significantly more frequent than in controls. The heterogeneity across studies could be due to differences in the diagnostic criteria used for both RLS and PN. RLS is a frequent clinical complaint in patients with PN of different aetiologies, mainly diabetic PN, uraemic PNP, familial amyloid PNP, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chronic dysimmune inflammatory PNP. Recent neurophysiological findings suggest the presence of small sensory fibre loss in patients diagnosed with idiopathic RLS, but it remains to be determined whether RLS associated with small sensory fibre loss and idiopathic RLS are different clinical entities. CONCLUSIONS Future studies including clinical and neurophysiological assessment and skin biopsy involving a large series of patients with PN and RLS are needed for a better understanding of the association between these two entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
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Tekatas A, Tekatas DD, Solmaz V, Karaca T, Pamuk ON. Small fiber neuropathy and related factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; the results of cutaneous silent period and skin biopsy. Adv Rheumatol 2020; 60:31. [PMID: 32503623 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluating small nerve fibers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using cutaneous silent period (CSP) and skin biopsy and assesssing the relationship between clinical signs, autoantibodies and neuropathic pain score. OBJECTIVE - METHODS Fifty one SLE patients and 46 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Nerve conduction studies and CSP were performed both on upper and lower limbs in subjects. Skin biopsy was performed and the number of epidermal nerve density and IL-6 staining were evaluated. RESULTS In SLE patients, CSP latencies were significantly prolonged both in lower and upper limbs and lower and upper extremity CSP durations were significantly shorter when compared to controls (p < 0.001). The number of epidermal nerve was significantly lower in SLE patients when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We detected marked small nerve fiber damage in both lower and upper limbs in SLE patients using CSP. Decreased epidermal nerve density also supports this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Tekatas
- Department of Neurology, Medikent Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | | | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Hizmet hospital, 34100, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Turan Karaca
- Department of Histology, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Omer Nuri Pamuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
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Türkoglu ŞA, Bolac ES, Yildiz S, Kalaycioglu O, Yildiz N. Presynaptic inhibition in restless legs syndrome. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:213-219. [PMID: 32108535 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1737048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition that particularly urges at night in resting and causes the need to move the legs. Although the pathophysiology has not yet been clarified, dopamine and iron metabolism and spinal cord pathologies are blamed for causing the condition. There are few studies on spinal reflex mechanisms on RLS. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of presynaptic inhibition (PreI) in the spinal cord in RLS.Methods: Fourteen patients with RLS and 14 controls with similar demographic characteristics were included in the study. Soleus muscle H-reflex (Ht) investigation was performed for subjects whose electrophysiologic investigation was normal. The Ht response was conditioned to the stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) (Hc). The test and conditioned stimulation intervals were kept between 10 ms, 20 ms, 30 ms, 40 ms, 50 ms, 75 ms, 100 ms, 150 ms and 200 ms. In each inter-stimulus interval, nonparametric repeat measurement evaluations were conducted with the percentage value of Hc/Ht. The Hc/Ht values of the study and control groups in the same intervals were compared separately.Results: A significant decrease was detected in Hc values in the control group in the repeat measurement values at 20 ms and 100 ms inter-stimulus intervals; however, there was not decrease in any intervals in the patient's group.Conclusion: The absence of any decrease in Hc reflexes for 20-100 ms intervals revealed that discernible PreI was vanished in RLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Aydin Türkoglu
- Department of Neurology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Elif Sultan Bolac
- Department of Neurology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serpil Yildiz
- Department of Neurology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Oya Kalaycioglu
- Biostatistics Unit, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Nebil Yildiz
- Department of Neurology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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Gündüz A, Aydın Ş, Kızıltan M. Cutaneous silent period: A literature review. NEUROL SCI NEUROPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/nsn.nsn_38_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Seok HY, Do SY, Motamedi GK, Cho YW. Symptom‐related changes in current perception threshold of restless legs syndrome. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12890. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Youl Seok
- Department of Neurology Dongsan Medical Center School of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Do
- Department of Neurology Dongsan Medical Center School of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Gholam K. Motamedi
- Department of Neurology Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA
| | - Yong Won Cho
- Department of Neurology Dongsan Medical Center School of Medicine Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
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Restless legs syndrome: Clinical changes in nervous system excitability at the spinal cord level. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 47:9-17. [PMID: 31212170 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complex multifactorial disorder whose aetiology has yet to be fully elucidated. Some of the features of RLS, such as processing of sensations and activation of movement, may result from a dysfunction in spinal processing giving rise to a state of spinal hyperexcitability. In the current article we review studies investigating spinal excitability in RLS patients looking specifically at electrophysiological studies of spinal activity, sensory evaluations, and spinal reflex studies. Increased spinal excitability has been shown in RLS patients based on the combined data from electrophysiological studies. Results from studies assessing sensory evaluations in RLS patients show enhanced spinal processing of nociceptive inputs possibly due to central sensitisation. However, not all sensory modalities demonstrate an increase in sensitivity. An increase in nervous system excitability would result in an increase in reflex responses in RLS patients however the data from reflex analyses in RLS patients has failed to consistently show this expected result. Overall changes to RLS spinal excitability have been demonstrated though these changes might be heterogeneous as not all afferent input appears to be affected in the same manner. There may be phase-dependent and modality-dependent alterations in spinal excitability suggesting that the theory of absolute spinal hyperexcitability in RLS patients' needs to be reconsidered.
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Kofler M, Leis A, Valls-Solé J. Cutaneous silent periods – Part 1: Update on physiological mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:588-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Cutaneous silent periods – Part 2: Update on pathophysiology and clinical utility. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:604-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Congiu P, Fantini ML, Milioli G, Tacconi P, Figorilli M, Gioi G, Pereira B, Marrosu F, Parrino L, Puligheddu M. F-Wave Duration as a Specific and Sensitive Tool for the Diagnosis of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:369-375. [PMID: 28095964 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Restless legs syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED), is a frequent condition, though its pathophysiology is not completely understood. The diagnosis of RLS/WED relies on clinical criteria, and the only instrumental tool, the suggested immobilization test, may lead to equivocal results. Recently, neurophysiological parameters related to F-wave duration have been proposed as a diagnostic aid. The aim of this study is to assess and compare the diagnostic values of these parameters in diagnosis of RLS/WED. METHODS Fifteen women affected by primary RLS/WED and 17 age- and sex- matched healthy subjects. A complete electroneurographic evaluation, including nerve conduction studies (NCS), cutaneous silent period (CSP), and F-wave parameters, namely amplitude, F-wave duration (FWD), and the ratio between FWD and duration of the corresponding compound muscle action potential (FWD/CMAPD). RESULTS No subject showed alterations of the NCS. However, FWD and FWD/CMAPD of both upper and lower limbs were significantly longer in patients than controls. Tibial FWD/CMAPD best discriminated RLS/WED patients from controls. A cutoff of 2.06 yielded a sensitivity of 69.2%, a specificity of 94.1%, a positive predictive power of 90%, and a negative predictive power of 80% (area under the curve = 0.817; 95% confidence interval = 0.674-0.959). The combination of ulnar or tibial FWD/CMAPD increases the sensitivity (85.7%) while slightly decreasing the specificity (87.5%, positive predictive value: 85.7%, negative predictive value: 87.5%). CONCLUSIONS Lower limb FWD/CMAPD ratio may represent a supportive diagnostic tool, especially in cases of evening lower leg discomfort of unclear interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gioia Gioi
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Lanza G, Bachmann CG, Ghorayeb I, Wang Y, Ferri R, Paulus W. Central and peripheral nervous system excitability in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2017; 31:49-60. [PMID: 27745789 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurophysiological techniques have been applied in restless legs syndrome (RLS) to obtain direct and indirect measures of central and peripheral nervous system excitability, as well as to probe different neurotransmission pathways. Data converge on the hypothesis that, from a pure electrophysiological perspective, RLS should be regarded as a complex sensorimotor disorder in which cortical, subcortical, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve generators are all involved in a network disorder, resulting in an enhanced excitability and/or decreased inhibition. Although the spinal component may have dominated in neurophysiological assessment, possibly because of better accessibility compared to the brainstem or cerebral components of a hypothetical dysfunction of the diencephalic A11 area, multiple mechanisms, such as reduced central inhibition and abnormal peripheral nerve function, contribute to the pathogenesis of RLS similarly to some chronic pain conditions. Dopamine transmission dysfunction, either primary or triggered by low iron and ferritin concentrations, may also bridge the gap between RLS and chronic pain entities. Further support of disturbed central and peripheral excitability in RLS is provided by the effectiveness of nonpharmacological tools, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation, in transiently modulating neural excitability, thereby extending the therapeutic repertoire. Understanding the complex interaction of central and peripheral neuronal circuits in generating the symptoms of RLS is mandatory for a better refinement of its therapeutic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Sleep Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. "Oasi Maria SS.", Troina, Italy.
| | | | - Imad Ghorayeb
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Raffale Ferri
- Sleep Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. "Oasi Maria SS.", Troina, Italy
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Özsimsek A, Koyuncuoglu HR. Electrophysiological findings of Turkish patients with restless legs syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2005-2010. [PMID: 28794635 PMCID: PMC5538691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate changes in electrophysiological findings in Turkish patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), including F-wave latency (FWL), peripheral silent period (PSP), and Hoffmann reflex. The study took place in a university hospital in Turkey and involved 30 newly diagnosed RLS patients and 30 healthy controls who were matched for age and gender. Participant's demographics (age, gender, weight, and height), laboratory findings, and electrophysiological test outcomes were gathered and analyzed. There was no significant difference in the FWL of the median and ulnar nerves, whereas the H-wave maximum amplitude and H/M ratio were significantly higher in the RLS patients than in the controls at rest. All of the PSP parameters were similar between patients and controls for the abductor pollicis brevis and gastrocnemius muscles. However, for the tibialis anterior muscle, all the PSP duration parameters were shorter in the RLS patients, whereas the PSP latency parameters were similar. The data suggest that there may be a reduction in spinal segmental inhibition at the L4-L5-S1 level, but the mechanisms of inhibition at the L4-L5 and S1 levels may be different; furthermore, there may be no pathology in the peripheral nerves. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are now needed to evaluate the pathophysiology of RLS with different neurophysiological assessment tools.
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Lanza G, Lanuzza B, Aricò D, Cantone M, Cosentino FII, Pennisi M, Bella R, Pennisi G, Ferri R. Response to the letter to the editor "Cortical excitability in restless legs syndrome". Sleep Med 2016; 21:175. [PMID: 26459686 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Lanuzza
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Debora Aricò
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cantone
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Filomena Irene Ilaria Cosentino
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Spinal Unit, Emergency Hospital "Cannizzaro", Via Messina, 829-95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pennisi
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy
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Tasdemir S, Oz O. Cortical excitability in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2016; 21:174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stetkarova I, Kofler M, Majerova V. Cutaneous silent periods in multiple system atrophy. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:327-32. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram on the cutaneous silent period: A randomized controlled study in healthy volunteers. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tekatas A, Pamuk ON. Increased frequency of restless leg syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 18:58-62. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Tekatas
- Department of Neurology; Trakya University Medical Faculty; Edirne Turkey
| | - Omer N. Pamuk
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Trakya University Medical Faculty; Edirne Turkey
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Tekatas A, Arican O, Guler S, Aynacı O, Dincer N. Pruritus: Do Aδ fibers play a role? J Dermatol 2013; 41:98-101. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozer Arican
- Dermatology; Medical Faculty; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | | | | | - Nejla Dincer
- Dermatology; Medical Faculty; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
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Umay E, Ulas U, Unlu E, Akgun H, Cakci A, Odabasi Z. Importância do período de silêncio cutâneo na fibromialgia e sua relação com as características da doença, distúrbios psicológicos e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0482-50042013000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Pujia F, Coppola G, Anastasio MG, Brienza M, Vestrini E, Valente GO, Parisi L, Serrao M, Pierelli F. Cutaneous silent period in hand muscles is lengthened by tramadol: Evidence for monoaminergic modulation? Neurosci Lett 2012; 528:78-82. [PMID: 22981885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to shed light on the neurochemical modulatory mechanisms of the noxious spinal inhibitory cutaneous silent period (CSP). We study the effects of 100mg of oral tramadol in 11 healthy volunteers. Tramadol has low affinity for opioid receptors and has the ability to inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. We elicited CSPs in the first dorsal interosseus muscle and noxious withdrawal flexor reflexes (NWR) in the right biceps femoris muscle before, 30 min and each hour up to the 6th after tramadol. Subjective pain sensation was checked on an 11-point numerical scale. Tramadol increased duration of CSP, and reduced the NWR area under the curve maximally 2h after tramadol and paralleled the reduction of subjective pain perception. We suggest that the monoaminergic action of tramadol reinforces the activity of spinal inhibitory interneurons on α-motoneurons for the hand muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pujia
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Neurology Section, Rome, Italy.
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Stetkarova I, Kofler M. Differential effect of baclofen on cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:339-45. [PMID: 22877625 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cutaneous silent period (SP) is a spinal inhibitory reflex, which suppresses activity in spinal motor nuclei. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits a cortical SP, which represents GABA(B) receptor-mediated inhibition of cortical excitability. Baclofen as a strong GABA(B) agonist effectively reduces muscle hypertonia, however, it is not known whether intrathecal baclofen (ITB) may modulate spinal inhibitory circuits. METHODS We evaluated clinical and neurophysiological effects of ITB in ten patients with severe spasticity due to spinal cord injury (n = 9) and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (n = 1). Neurophysiological assessment included H reflex and cutaneous and cortical SPs, before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after ITB bolus administration. RESULTS ITB suppressed soleus H reflex as early as 15 min after lumbar bolus injection; MAS scores declined after 1 h. Cortical SP end latency and duration increased progressively with a significant maximum 3h following ITB bolus, whereas cutaneous SP latency and duration did not change significantly. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that baclofen does not affect the cutaneous SP, but prolongs the cortical SP. SIGNIFICANCE The spinal inhibitory circuitry of the cutaneous SP is not modulated by GABA(B) receptor-mediated activity, in contrast to the cortical inhibitory circuitry of the cortical SP, which is subject to powerful GABA(B) control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Inhibition of motoneurons during the cutaneous silent period in the spinal cord of the turtle. Exp Brain Res 2012; 220:23-8. [PMID: 22580573 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The transient suppression of motor activity in the spinal cord after a cutaneous stimulus is termed the cutaneous silent period (CSP). It is not known if CSP is due to suppression of the premotor network or direct inhibition of motoneurons. This issue was examined by intracellular recordings from motoneurons in the isolated carapace-spinal cord preparation from adult turtles during rhythmic scratch-like reflex. Electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerves induced CSP-like suppression of motor nerve firing during rhythmic network activity. The stimulus that generated the CSP-like suppression of motor activity evokes a polysynaptic compound synaptic potential in motoneurons and suppressed their firing. This compound synaptic potential was hyperpolarizing near threshold for action potentials and was associated with a substantial increase in conductance during the CSP in the motor pool. These results show that direct postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons contributes to the CSP.
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