Trimetazidine significantly reduces cerulein-induced pancreatic apoptosis

Certolizumab Has Favorable Efficacy on Preventing Pancreas and Target Organs Damage in Acute Pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE

It was targeted to assess the efficacy of certolizumab on pancreas and target organs via biochemical parameters and histopathologic scores in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following 5 equal groups: group 1 (sham group), group 2 (AP group), group 3 (AP + low-dose certolizumab group), group 4 (AP + high-dose certolizumab group), and group 5 (placebo group). Rats in all groups were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection and amylase, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, interleukin 1β, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were studied in blood samples. Histopathological investigation of both the pancreas and target organs (lungs, liver, heart, kidneys) was performed by a pathologist blind to the groups. In silico analysis were also accomplished.

RESULTS

The biochemical results in the certolizumab treatment groups were identified to be significantly favorable compared to the AP group (P < 0.001). The difference between the high-dose group (group 4) and low-dose treatment group (group 3) was found to be significant in terms of biochemical parameters and histopathological scores (P < 0.001). In terms of the effect of certolizumab treatment on the target organs (especially on lung tissue), the differences between the low-dose treatment group (group 3) and high-dose treatment group (group 4) with the AP group (group 2) were significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Certolizumab has favorable protective effects on pancreas and target organs in AP. It may be a beneficial agent for AP treatment and may prevent target organ damage.

Favorable efficacy of adalimumab treatment in experimental acute pancreatitis model

BACKGROUND

Acute pancreatitis is a clinical picture with a wide range of symptoms from mild inflammation to multiorgan failure and death. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Adalimumab (ADA) on inflammation and apoptosis in a cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model in rats.

METHODS

Experimental cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model was created by applying 4 intraperitoneal cerulein injections at 1-h intervals. A total of 40 rats, 8 in each group, were randomly distributed into five groups. In the groups that ADA treatment was given, two different doses of ADA were administered 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg as low and high doses, respectively. The rats were sacrificed 12 h after the last intraperitoneal administration of ADA. Blood samples were obtained from each rat for amylase, IL-6, and IL-1β measurements. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains were used to undertake the histopathological analysis of the pancreas. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) method was used to evaluate apoptosis.

RESULTS

: Plasma amylase, IL-6, and IL-1β levels were significantly elevated in acute pancreatitis groups (p < 0.05). It was determined that both low (5 mg/kg) and high doses (20 mg/kg) of ADA ameliorated the parameters (plasma amylase, IL-6, and IL-1β) (p < 0.05). Although significant improvements were detected in the Schoenberg scoring system and the apoptotic index from the TUNEL method after highdose ADA treatment, no significant amelioration was observed in the histopathological examinations in the low-dose ADA group.

DISCUSSION

: It has been determined that the administration of high-dose ADA effectively alleviated the symptoms of acute pancreatitis and reduced the level of apoptosis. In line with the findings of our study, we have predicted that high-dose (20 mg/kg) ADA can be used as an effective and safe drug in the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis.

Trimetazidine alone or in combination with gemcitabine and/or abraxane decreased cell viability, migration and ATP levels and induced apoptosis of human pancreatic cells

BACKGROUND

Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic agent that can inhibit the fatty acid oxidation. It has been stated that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation may be an acceptable approach to cancer treatment.

METHODS

We examined the effects of TMZ alone or together with abraxane (ABX) and/or gemcitabine (GEM) on cell viability, apoptosis, adhesion, migration and ATP levels of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.

RESULTS

TMZ significantly reduced the cell viability at higher concentrations. Lower cell viability values were found in cells co-treated with TMZ + GEM, TMZ + ABX and GEM + ABX. The combined treatment of TMZ with ABX and/or GEM significantly increased the apoptosis rates. The highest percentages of apoptosis were found in TMZ + ABX or TMZ + ABX + GEM treatments. TMZ alone or together with ABX and/or GEM significantly reduced the ATP levels. The lowest migration rates were also found at TMZ + ABX and TMZ + ABX + GEM treatments.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study is the first study to indicate that TMZ can induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis and reduce migration and ATP levels, especially in cells co-treated with ABX and/or GEM. A combination strategy based on inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and anticancer drugs may be more effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancers.

The effect of trimethazidine on mortality in an experimental acute pancreatitis model1

BACKGROUND/AIMS

Acute pancreatitis has a high morbidty and mortality. Its physiopathogenesis has not been enlightened up to the present. This study aims to investigate trimetazidine (antiischemic, antioxidant and cardioprotective agent) 's effects on the acute pancreatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, four aqual groups are formed with 43 female Spraque-dawley type rats weighed between230-300 gr (mean 265 gr). 0.9% NaCl is injected intraperitoneally after laparotomy to the Group 1 (n=6). Group 2 (n=6) is control group that without any intervention. Acute pancreatitis is formed in Group 3 (n=16) via injection of Na-taurokolat in the common bile duct. Group 4 (n=15) is being formed pancreatitis and treated with Trimetazidine. In group 4 Trimetazidine 10 mg/kg/day drugs were given, 30 minutes, 24 and 72 hours after formation of acute pancreatitis, in three equal doses by orogastric way. In all groups, the rats have been laparatomised 72 hours later under general anesthesia and pancreas tissues has been extracted and studied histopathologically. Amylase, lipase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine tranaminase levels in the rats serum and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, glutathione peroxidase levels in the rats tissue also have been looked up.

RESULTS

Serum and tissue findings and histopathologically examination of the pancreas tissues show significant decrease in the treatment group compare to study group.

CONCLUSION

Trimetazidine protects pancreas tissue and decreases the mortality by significantly lowering the biochemical and histopathological changes in the early stages of acute pancreatitis.

Trimetazidine Increases Cell Survival and Inhibits the Activation of Inflammatory Response in Sodium Taurocholate–Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Objective:

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) in an experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) model induced with sodium taurocholate (STC).

Summary of Background Data:

At present, AP is considered a disease with no specific treatment. Preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in acinar cells may be an option for specific treatment of AP. TMZ is an anti-ischemic drug with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial modulatory effects.

Methods:

Rats were divided into 4 groups. AP was induced in the AP (n = 7) and AP + TMZ (n = 7) groups by an injection of 4% sodium taurocholate to the pancreatic duct. The sham (n = 6) and drug (n = 6) groups were designated as control groups. The AP + TMZ and drug groups were administered TMZ. Samples were taken at 72 hours, and histopathologic changes as well as biochemical parameters were analyzed.

Results:

Serum amylase, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, serum cytokine levels, and mast cell degranulation rates were elevated after induction of AP, whereas tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and cell viability rates [determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay] decreased. These parameters were found to be different in the AP group compared with those in all other groups (P &lt; 0.05). A significant improvement of all parameters was achieved with the TMZ treatment of AP. Histologically, significant differences were found between the AP and AP + TMZ groups in terms of leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, and apoptotic cell counts.

Conclusions:

In this study, we demonstrated that TMZ treatment protected the mitochondrial function and prevented the activation of the inflammatory cascade in the sodium taurocholate–induced AP model.

Trimetazidine protects retinal ganglion cells from acute glaucoma via the Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway

Acute glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision impairment characterized by the rapid elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and consequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been considered critical for the pathogenesis of RGC death in acute glaucoma. Trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-ischemic drug, possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to its therapeutic potential in tissue damage. However, the role of TMZ in acute glaucoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that treatment with TMZ significantly attenuated retinal damage and RGC death in mice with acute glaucoma, with a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine production in the retina. Furthermore, TMZ treatment directly decreased ROS production and rebalanced the intracellular redox state, thus contributing to the survival of RGCs in vitro. TMZ treatment also reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Mechanistically, the TMZ-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production in RGCs occurred via the regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1/caspase-8 pathway. Moreover, the TMZ-mediated neuroprotection in acute glaucoma was abrogated when an HO-1 inhibitor, SnPP, was used. Our findings identify potential mechanisms of RGC apoptosis and propose a novel therapeutic agent, TMZ, which exerts a precise neuroprotective effect against acute glaucoma.

The protective effect of trimetazidine against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin (CSP). The study investigated the possible protective role of trimetazidine (TMZ) against CSP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into four groups; control, TMZ, CSP, and CSP + TMZ. The CSP group showed significant deterioration in kidney function with structural changes in the form of interstitial hemorrhage, glomeruli shrinkage and peritublar capillary congestion, tubular cells vacuolation, pyknosis, shedding and necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrates, all indicating renal damage. CSP also caused a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, renal nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity and protein expression, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 levels. Treatment with TMZ before and after CSP injection produced significant improvement of kidney function and histopathology. TMZ treatment also significantly attenuated CSP-induced oxidative stress and suppressed elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and NF-κB expression and its DNA-binding activity caused by CSP administration. TMZ has a protective effect against CSP-induced nephrotoxicity mediated by reduction of oxidative stress and attenuation of CSP-induced inflammation.