1
|
Guo F, Zheng H, Cao H, Wang Y, Zhi Y, Liu H, Li B, Wu J, Zhang K, Gao Y. Bergenin inhibits hepatic fat deposition by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby attenuating alcoholic liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113169. [PMID: 39298826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent liver condition that arises from prolonged and excessive alcohol intake. Bergenin (BER) is an effective phytotherapeutic agent that exhibits pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. To establish an in vivo model of ALD, C57BL/6 mice were continuously fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered alcohol gavage for 8 weeks, while concurrently administering BER and evaluated for therapeutic effects. After modeling, the therapeutic effects of BER were evaluated by observing histopathological changes and the detection of relevant biochemical indicators in mice. In addition, RNA sequencing of liver tissues was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes and to investigate the associated signaling pathways in order to elucidate the protective mechanisms of BER. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways and the cytochrome P450 metabolism of exogenous substances. Subsequently, HepG2 was co-treated with sodium oleate (NaOA) and ethanol to establish an in vitro model, and the specific mechanism by which BER ameliorates ALD was further analyzed in depth. AMPK inhibitor, Compound C (CC), was demonstrated to significantly inhibit the regulation of lipid metabolism by BER in vitro. Finally, the differentially expressed genes selected were validated through qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Collectively, our findings revealed that BER effectively alleviated liver injury caused by alcohol and HFD in mice, significantly suppressing lipid deposition in ALD, enhancing alcohol metabolism, and mitigating oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongwang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yueping Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sobotka D, Herold A, Perkonigg M, Beer L, Bastati N, Sablatnig A, Ba-Ssalamah A, Langs G. Improving Vessel Segmentation with Multi-Task Learning and Auxiliary Data Available Only During Model Training. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2024; 114:102369. [PMID: 38518411 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2024.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver vessel segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging data is important for the computational analysis of vascular remodeling, associated with a wide spectrum of diffuse liver diseases. Existing approaches rely on contrast enhanced imaging data, but the necessary dedicated imaging sequences are not uniformly acquired. Images without contrast enhancement are acquired more frequently, but vessel segmentation is challenging, and requires large-scale annotated data. We propose a multi-task learning framework to segment vessels in liver MRI without contrast. It exploits auxiliary contrast enhanced MRI data available only during training to reduce the need for annotated training examples. Our approach draws on paired native and contrast enhanced data with and without vessel annotations for model training. Results show that auxiliary data improves the accuracy of vessel segmentation, even if they are not available during inference. The advantage is most pronounced if only few annotations are available for training, since the feature representation benefits from the shared task structure. A validation of this approach to augment a model for brain tumor segmentation confirms its benefits across different domains. An auxiliary informative imaging modality can augment expert annotations even if it is only available during training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sobotka
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Herold
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Perkonigg
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Bastati
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Sablatnig
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Ouyang H, Zhu J. Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195146. [PMID: 37361209 PMCID: PMC10289001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
4
|
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102530. [PMID: 36289791 PMCID: PMC9599689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to a spectrum of liver manifestations ranging from fatty liver diseases, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis with chronic inflammation primarily due to excessive alcohol use. Currently, ALD is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease-associated mortality worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of ALD has been intensively investigated, the present understanding of its biomarkers in the context of early clinical diagnosis is not complete, and novel therapeutic targets that can significantly alleviate advanced forms of ALD are limited. While alcohol abstinence remains the primary therapeutic intervention for managing ALD, there are currently no approved medications for treating ALD. Furthermore, given the similarities and the differences between ALD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in terms of disease progression and underlying molecular mechanisms, numerous studies have demonstrated that many therapeutic interventions targeting several signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, hormonal regulation, and hepatocyte death play a significant role in ALD treatment. Therefore, in this review, we summarized several key molecular targets and their modes of action in ALD progression. We also described the updated therapeutic options for ALD management with a particular emphasis on potentially novel signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
5
|
The Credible Role of Curcumin in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mammals. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101405. [PMID: 36291614 PMCID: PMC9599178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or lack of adequate antioxidant defenses causes DNA mutations in mitochondria, damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and alters membrane permeability and mitochondrial defense mechanisms. All these alterations are linked to the development of numerous diseases. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric plant rhizomes, exhibits numerous biological activities (i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial). In recent years, many researchers have shown evidence that curcumin has the ability to reduce the oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s antioxidant mechanism and significance in oxidative stress reduction and suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction in mammals. We also discuss the research gaps and give our opinion on how curcumin research in mammals should proceed moving forward.
Collapse
|
6
|
Differential Expression Profiles of mRNA and Noncoding RNA and Analysis of Competitive Endogenous RNA Regulatory Networks in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:3200932. [PMID: 35844837 PMCID: PMC9282983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease caused by multiple factors, and there is no approved pharmacotherapy. The pathogenesis of NASH remains underexplored. In this study, differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) were obtained by analyzing NASH-related circRNA datasets, and then, corresponding target microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were predicted to construct a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network. On this basis, a total of 38 circRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 10 mRNAs were screened out. The present study reveals novel circRNA biomarkers of NASH and reports a potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that might provide insights for further investigation into the underlying pathogenesis of NASH.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu Y, Du G, Li G, Peng X, Zhang Z, Zhai Y. The miR-122 inhibition alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation in NAFLD cell model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:385-389. [PMID: 31311339 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1640744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence showed that the expression of miR-122 was abnormal in NAFLD patients; however, the role of miR-122 on lipid accumulation and inflammation in NAFLD is not clear. METHODS RT-qPCR was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-122 and pro-inflammatory cytokines following transfected with miR-122 inhibitor or treated with oleic acid (OA). Detection of lipid accumulation was performed by triglyceride content test and oil red o staining assay. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels of TLR7, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κBp65. RESULTS We found that the OA promoted lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κBp65 signalling pathway, which were restored following transfected with miR-122 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that miR-122 inhibition alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation in L02 cell induced by OA may through inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κBp65 signalling pathway. The protective mechanism of miR-122 inhibition in NAFLD must be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoping Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xuetao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yingji Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Hu J, Liu L, Yan M, Zhang Q, Song X, Lin Y, Zhu D, Wei Y, Fu Z, Hu L, Chen Y, Li X. Gly-tRF enhances LCSC-like properties and promotes HCC cells migration by targeting NDFIP2. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:502. [PMID: 34537070 PMCID: PMC8449465 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence demonstrates that tRFs (tRNA-derived small RNA fragments) and tiRNAs (tRNA-derived stress-induced RNA), an emerging category of regulatory RNA molecules derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs), are dysregulated in in various human cancer types and play crucial roles. However, their roles and mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are still unknown. Methods The expression of glycine tRNA-derived fragment (Gly-tRF) was measured by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis and sphere formation assays were used to determine the properties of LCSCs. Transwell assays and scratch wound assays were performed to detect HCC cell migration. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate the abundance change of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Dual luciferase reporter assays and signalling pathway analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of Gly-tRF functions. Results Gly-tRF was highly expressed in HCC cell lines and tumour tissues. Gly-tRF mimic increased the LCSC subpopulation proportion and LCSC-like cell properties. Gly-tRF mimic promoted HCC cell migration and EMT. Loss of Gly-tRF inhibited HCC cell migration and EMT. Mechanistically, Gly-tRF decreased the level of NDFIP2 mRNA by binding to the NDFIP2 mRNA 3′ UTR. Importantly, overexpression of NDFIP2 weakened the promotive effects of Gly-tRF on LCSC-like cell sphere formation and HCC cell migration. Signalling pathway analysis showed that Gly-tRF increased the abundance of phosphorylated AKT. Conclusions Gly-tRF enhances LCSC-like cell properties and promotes EMT by targeting NDFIP2 and activating the AKT signalling pathway. Gly-tRF plays tumor-promoting role in HCC and may lead to a potential therapeutic target for HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02102-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,School of Life Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengchao Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongjian Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zongli Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liming Hu
- School of Life Science of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niture S, Lin M, Rios-Colon L, Qi Q, Moore JT, Kumar D. Emerging Roles of Impaired Autophagy in Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2021; 2021:6675762. [PMID: 33976943 PMCID: PMC8083829 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that eliminates dysfunctional cytosolic biomolecules through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy are not fully understood, recent work indicates that dysfunctional/impaired autophagic functions are associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy prevents NAFLD and AFLD progression through enhanced lipid catabolism and decreasing hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and increased inflammation. However, as both diseases progress, autophagy can become impaired leading to exacerbation of both pathological conditions and progression into HCC. Due to the significance of impaired autophagy in these diseases, there is increased interest in studying pathways and targets involved in maintaining efficient autophagic functions as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize how impaired autophagy affects liver function and contributes to NAFLD, AFLD, and HCC progression. We will also explore how recent discoveries could provide novel therapeutic opportunities to effectively treat these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Minghui Lin
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China 750021
| | - Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - John T. Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC 27707, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choudhary NS, Duseja A. Genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:2. [PMID: 33409397 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences and difference in the severity and progression of liver disease among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) suggests the involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors in their pathogenesis. This article reviews the genetic and epigenetic modifiers in patients with NAFLD and ALD. Evidence regarding the genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers of NAFLD and ALD was reviewed by searching the available literature. Both genome wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies pertaining to the pathogenesis in both diseases were included. Clinical implications of the available information are also discussed. Several studies have shown association of both NAFLD and ALD with I148M PNPLA3 variant. In addition to the higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis, the I148M PNPLA3 variant is also associated with severity of liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TM6SF2 is the other genetic variant shown to be significantly associated with hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD and ALD. The Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) genetic variant is also associated with both NAFLD and ALD. In addition to these mutations, several variants related to the genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, fibrosis have also been shown to be the disease modifiers in patients with NAFLD and ALD. Epigenetics involving several micro RNAs and DNA methylation could also modify the disease course in NAFLD and ALD. In conclusion the available literature suggests that genetics and epigenetics are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and ALD which may affect the disease prevalence, severity and response to treatment in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Choudhary
- Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Delhi (NCR), India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramos LF, Silva CM, Pansa CC, Moraes KCM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular and cellular interplays of the lipid metabolism in a steatotic liver. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:25-40. [PMID: 32892668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1820321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects ~25% of world population and cases have increased in recent decades. These anomalies have several etiologies; however, obesity and metabolic dysfunctions are the most relevant causes. Despite being considered a public health problem, no effective therapeutic approach to treat NAFLD is available. For that, a deep understanding of metabolic routes that support hepatic diseases is needed. AREAS COVERED This review covers aspects of the onset of NAFLD. Thereby, biochemistry routes as well as cellular and metabolic effects of the gut microbiota in body's homeostasis and epigenetics are contextualized. EXPERT OPINION Recently, the development of biological sciences has generated innovative knowledge, bringing new insights and perspectives to clarify the systems biology of liver diseases. A detailed comprehension of epigenetics mechanisms will offer possibilities to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for NAFLD. Different epigenetic processes have been reported that are modulated by the environment such as gut microbiota, suggesting strong interplays between cellular behavior and pathology. Thus, a more complete description of such mechanisms in hepatic diseases will help to clarify how to control the establishment of fatty liver, and precisely describe molecular interplays that potentially control NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia F Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Caio M Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Camila C Pansa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências , Rio Claro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhan ZY, Wu M, Shang Y, Jiang M, Liu J, Qiao CY, Ye H, Lin YC, Piao MH, Sun RH, Zhang ZH, Jiao JY, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Taxifolin ameliorate high-fat-diet feeding plus acute ethanol binge-induced steatohepatitis through inhibiting inflammatory caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Food Funct 2020; 12:362-372. [PMID: 33325949 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking and a high-fat diet (HFD) promote steatohepatitis in the comorbidity of NAFLD and AFLD. Taxifolin (TAX) is a rich dihydroxyflavone compound found in onions, milk thistle and Douglas fir. We aimed to explore the intervention mechanism of TAX on chronic steatohepatitis induced by HFD feeding plus acute ethanol binge. We established an in vivo model by HFD feeding plus a single dose of ethanol binge, and established an in vitro model by oleic acid or palmitic acid on HepG2 cells to induce lipid accumulation. TAX regulated lipid synthesis by inhibiting the expression of SREBP1 and upregulating the PPARγ level. In addition, TAX inhibited the expression of P2X7R, IL-1β, and caspase-1. Moreover, TAX reduced the expression of caspase-1 activation; thereby inhibiting the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. TAX also improved the inflammatory response caused by caspase-1 activation in steatotic hepatocytes. TAX exhibited an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and caspase-1-related pyroptosis. Collectively, TAX has therapeutic potential as an intervention of steatohepatitis induced by alcohol combined with HFD and for preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver degeneration targeting caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yong-Ce Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Rong-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jing-Ya Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China and Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Role of Exosomes in the Crosstalk between Adipocytes and Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091988. [PMID: 32872417 PMCID: PMC7563540 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport bioactive materials between cells and organs. The cargo delivered by exosomes can alter a wide range of cellular responses in recipient cells and play an important pathophysiological role in human cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for example, adipocyte- and tumor-secreted factors contained in exosomes contribute to the creation of a chronic inflammatory state, which contributes to disease progression. The exosome-mediated crosstalk between adipocytes and liver cancer cells is a key aspect of a dynamic tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the role of increased adiposity and the role of adipocyte-derived exosomes (AdExos) and HCC-derived exosomes (HCCExos) in the modulation of HCC progression. We also discuss recent advances regarding how malignant cells interact with the surrounding adipose tissue and employ exosomes to promote a more aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
|
14
|
Idalsoaga F, Kulkarni AV, Mousa OY, Arrese M, Arab JP. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Two Intertwined Entities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:448. [PMID: 32974366 PMCID: PMC7468507 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with a prevalence of 25-30%. Since its first description in 1980, NAFLD has been conceived as a different entity from alcohol-related fatty liver disease (ALD), despite that, both diseases have an overlap in the pathophysiology, share genetic-epigenetic factors, and frequently coexist. Both entities are characterized by a broad spectrum of histological features ranging from isolated steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Distinction between NAFLD and ALD is based on the amount of consumed alcohol, which has been arbitrarily established. In this context, a proposal of positive criteria for NAFLD diagnosis not considering exclusion of alcohol consumption as a prerequisite criterion for diagnosis had emerged, recognizing the possibility of a dual etiology of fatty liver in some individuals. The impact of moderate alcohol use on the severity of NAFLD is ill-defined. Some studies suggest protective effects in moderate doses, but current evidence shows that there is no safe threshold for alcohol consumption for NAFLD. In fact, given the synergistic effect between alcohol consumption, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction, it is likely that alcohol use serves as a significant risk factor for the progression of liver disease in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. This also affects the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the overlapping pathophysiology of NAFLD and ALD, the current data on alcohol consumption in patients with NAFLD, and the effects of metabolic dysfunction and overweight in ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Idalsoaga
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anand V Kulkarni
- Department of Hepatology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Omar Y Mousa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN, United States
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fatty liver diseases, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic plant medicines. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:161-168. [PMID: 32245585 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic organ and controls lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Dysruption of hepatic lipid metabolism is often associated with fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of hormones, transcription factors, and inflammatory cytokines to the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and fatty liver diseases. Moreover, a significant amount of effort has been put to examine the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of many natural plant products on fatty liver diseases and metabolic diseases. We review the current understanding of insulin, thyroid hormone and inflammatory cytokines in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, focusing on several essential transcription regulators, such as Sirtuins (SIRTs), Forkhead box O (FoxO), Sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). We also discuss a few representative natural products with promising thereapeutic effects on fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Z, Xing H, Qi C, Fang M, Fu J, Zhang X. Chinese tree shrews as a primate experimental animal eligible for the study of alcoholic liver disease: characterization and confirmation by MRI. Exp Anim 2019; 69:110-118. [PMID: 31554748 PMCID: PMC7004808 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a lack of suitable fatty liver models and characterization techniques for
histopathological evaluation of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL). This work aimed to exploit an
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for characterizing an alcohol-induced fatty
liver model established in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinese). The
animals were treated with 15% alcohol for two weeks instead of drinking water to induce
AFL. Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alcohol, and
liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined, and the histopathology of the
liver was checked by hematoxylin & eosin (HE) and Oil red O staining on day 0 and on
the 4th, 7th and 14th days after alcohol feeding. MRI was used to trace the
histopathological changes in the liver of tree shrews in real time. Compared with the
control group, the levels of ALT, AST, and MDA significantly increased in the
alcohol-induced group and were positively correlated with the induction time. HE and Oil
red O staining revealed that a moderate fatty lesion occurred in the liver on the 4th day
and that a serious AFL was successfully induced on the 14th day. MRI further confirmed the
formation of AFL. MRI, as noninvasive examination technique, provides an alternative tool
for accurate characterization of AFL in live subjects. It is comparable to HE or Oil red O
staining for histopathological examination, but is more suitable by virtue of its high
flexibility and compliance. The AFL model of tree shrews combined with MRI
characterization can work as a platform for studying fatty liver diseases and medications
for their treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Qi
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Fang
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Fu
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Potential Use of Metabolic Cofactors in Treatment of NAFLD. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071578. [PMID: 31336926 PMCID: PMC6682907 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu M, Li M, Zhou W, Yang Y, Li F, Zhang L, Ji G. Qianggan extract improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating lncRNA/circRNA immune ceRNA networks. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:156. [PMID: 31269941 PMCID: PMC6609373 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Qianggan formula have been confirmed to be effective on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal chow diet group; methionine-and-choline-deficient diet (MCD) group, and Qianggan extract (QG) intervention group (0.4 g/kg daily) that fed with MCD. The efficacy of QG was biochemically and histologically evaluated. The expression profiles of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were examined using microarray and verified by RT-qPCR. Results QG significantly improved the phenotypic characteristics of NASH, as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and liver inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased. By the cutoff of a 1.5-fold change and P < 0.05, 6193 mRNAs, 5692 lncRNAs and 4843 circRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between the MCD and normal groups, and 514 mRNAs, 1182 lncRNAs and 443 circRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between the QG and MCD groups. The intersections (244 mRNAs, 259 lncRNAs and 98 circRNAs) among the three groups were chosen for analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that most overlapping mRNAs were related to immune functions such as natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Pathway interactions, protein-protein interactions and molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis identified numerous immune-related hub genes e.g. natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1(Ncr1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (Cxcl9), Klra1, and Cd28. Finally, two lncRNAs (Sngh1 and Slc36a3os) and four circRNAs (circ_0009029, circ_0004572, circ_0009212 and circ_0009453) in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed by Cytoscape, and immune-related mRNAs (e.g., Cd28, Cd8a, Il15, and Klrk1) were involved in the ceRNA networks. Conclusions LncRNA and circRNA-associated immune ceRNA networks might be the targets of QG in alleviating NASH, and our work may provide valuable clues for exploring the mechanisms underlying the effect of QG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2577-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
19
|
Greuter T, Malhi H, Gores GJ, Shah VH. Therapeutic opportunities for alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: exploiting similarities and differences in pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95354. [PMID: 28878132 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are among the most frequent causes of chronic liver disease in the United States. Although the two entities are triggered by different etiologies - chronic alcohol consumption (ASH) and obesity-associated lipotoxicity (NASH) - they share overlapping histological and clinical features owing to common pathogenic mechanisms. These pathogenic processes include altered hepatocyte lipid metabolism, organelle dysfunction (i.e., ER stress), hepatocyte apoptosis, innate immune system activation, and hepatic stellate cell activation. Nonetheless, there are several disease-specific molecular signaling pathways, such as differential pathway activation downstream of TLR4 (MyD88-dependence in NASH versus MyD88-independence in ASH), inflammasome activation and IL-1β signaling in ASH, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in NASH, and dysregulation of different microRNAs, which clearly highlight that ASH and NASH are two distinct biological entities. Both pathogenic similarities and differences have therapeutic implications. In this Review, we discuss these pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic implications for each disease, focusing on both shared and distinct targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Greuter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mardinoglu A, Bjornson E, Zhang C, Klevstig M, Söderlund S, Ståhlman M, Adiels M, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Kilicarslan M, Hallström BM, Lundbom J, Vergès B, Barrett PHR, Watts GF, Serlie MJ, Nielsen J, Uhlén M, Smith U, Marschall HU, Taskinen MR, Boren J. Personal model-assisted identification of NAD + and glutathione metabolism as intervention target in NAFLD. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:916. [PMID: 28254760 PMCID: PMC5371732 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recruited 86 subjects with varying degrees of hepatic steatosis (HS). We obtained experimental data on lipoprotein fluxes and used these individual measurements as personalized constraints of a hepatocyte genome‐scale metabolic model to investigate metabolic differences in liver, taking into account its interactions with other tissues. Our systems level analysis predicted an altered demand for NAD+ and glutathione (GSH) in subjects with high HS. Our analysis and metabolomic measurements showed that plasma levels of glycine, serine, and associated metabolites are negatively correlated with HS, suggesting that these GSH metabolism precursors might be limiting. Quantification of the hepatic expression levels of the associated enzymes further pointed to altered de novo GSH synthesis. To assess the effect of GSH and NAD+ repletion on the development of NAFLD, we added precursors for GSH and NAD+ biosynthesis to the Western diet and demonstrated that supplementation prevents HS in mice. In a proof‐of‐concept human study, we found improved liver function and decreased HS after supplementation with serine (a precursor to glycine) and hereby propose a strategy for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Bjornson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Klevstig
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Murat Kilicarslan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Björn M Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital and INSERM CRI 866, Dijon, France
| | - Peter Hugh R Barrett
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Metabolic Research Centre, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anstee QM, Seth D, Day CP. Genetic Factors That Affect Risk of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1728-1744.e7. [PMID: 26873399 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have informed our understanding of factors contributing to the well-recognized interindividual variation in the progression and outcomes of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We discuss the mounting evidence for shared modifiers and common pathophysiological processes that contribute to development of both diseases. We discuss the functions of proteins encoded by risk variants of genes including patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2, as well as epigenetic factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We also discuss important areas of future genetic research and their potential to affect clinical management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Christopher P Day
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alcohol and the Intestine. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2573-88. [PMID: 26501334 PMCID: PMC4693248 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction in a subset of alcoholics. However, a subset of alcoholics without any of these predisposing factors can develop alcohol-mediated organ injury. The gastrointestinal tract (GI) could be an important source of inflammation in alcohol-mediated organ damage. The purpose of review was to evaluate mechanisms of alcohol-induced endotoxemia (including dysbiosis and gut leakiness), and highlight the predisposing factors for alcohol-induced dysbiosis and gut leakiness to endotoxins. Barriers, including immunologic, physical, and biochemical can regulate the passage of toxins into the portal and systemic circulation. In addition, a host of environmental interactions including those influenced by circadian rhythms can impact alcohol-induced organ pathology. There appears to be a role for therapeutic measures to mitigate alcohol-induced organ damage by normalizing intestinal dysbiosis and/or improving intestinal barrier integrity. Ultimately, the inflammatory process that drives progression into organ damage from alcohol appears to be multifactorial. Understanding the role of the intestine in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease can pose further avenues for pathogenic and treatment approaches.
Collapse
|