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Zhang N, Ye S, Wang X, Wang K, Zhong F, Yao F, Liu J, Huang B, Xu F, Wang X. Hepatic Symbiotic Bacterium L. reuteri FLRE5K1 Inhibits the Development and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Activating the IFN-γ/CXCL10/CXCR3 Pathway. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1158-1171. [PMID: 37289406 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria participate in the formation of the structure and function of the tissues and organs in which they live, and play an essential role in maintaining the balance between health and disease. Lactobacillus reuteri FLRE5K1 was isolated from the liver of healthy mice and proved to be a probiotic with anti-melanoma activity in previous studies. The relationship between hepatic symbiotic probiotics and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported yet. In the present study, L. reuteri FLRE5K1 was initially confirmed to successfully enter the liver after being administered by gavage, and the efficacy of probiotic feeding on HCC and its potential mechanism of inhibiting tumor progression were investigated by an orthotopic liver cancer model established. The results showed that L. reuteri FLRE5K1 significantly reduced the tumor formation rate and inhibited tumor growth in mice. From the perspective of mechanism, activation of the IFN-γ/CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway, as well as its positive feedback on the secretion of IFN-γ, induced the polarization of Th0 cell to Th1 cells and inhibited the differentiation of Tregs, which played a key role in the inhibitory effect of L. reuteri FLRE5K1 on the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuiwen Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangmin Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi-Oai Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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Costa JP, de Carvalho A, Paiva A, Borges O. Insights into Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Review of Checkpoint Receptor Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:964. [PMID: 39065812 PMCID: PMC11279883 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), often progresses to chronic infection, leading to severe complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HBV infection is characterized by a complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, a phenomenon commonly observed in chronic viral infections and cancer. This state of exhaustion involves elevated levels of inhibitory molecules, cells, and cell surface receptors, as opposed to stimulatory counterparts. This review aims to elucidate the expression patterns of various co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors on immune cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. By analyzing existing data, the review conducts comparisons between CHB patients and healthy adults, explores the differences between HBV-specific and total T cells in CHB patients, and examines variations between intrahepatic and peripheral immune cells in CHB patients. Understanding the mechanisms underlying immune exhaustion in CHB is crucial for developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches. This detailed analysis sheds light on the immune exhaustion observed in CHB and lays the groundwork for future combined immunotherapy strategies aimed at leveraging checkpoint receptors to restore immune function and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Panão Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando de Carvalho
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.d.C.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.d.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sun Q, Dai H, Wang S, Chen Y, Shi H. Progress in research on the role played by myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver diseases. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13312. [PMID: 38441348 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) refer to a group of immature myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive capacity upon activation by pathological conditions. Because of their potent immunosuppressive ability, MDSCs have garnered extensive attention in the past few years in the fields of oncology, infection, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Research on MDSCs in liver diseases has gradually increased, and their potential therapeutic roles will be further explored. This review presents a summary of the involvement and the role played by MDSCs in liver diseases, thus identifying their potential targets for the treatment of liver diseases and providing new directions for liver disease-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilian Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Glover A, Zhang Z, Shannon-Lowe C. Deciphering the roles of myeloid derived suppressor cells in viral oncogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161848. [PMID: 37033972 PMCID: PMC10076641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenous population of myeloid cells derived from monocyte and granulocyte precursors. They are pathologically expanded in conditions of ongoing inflammation where they function to suppress both innate and adaptive immunity. They are subdivided into three distinct subsets: monocytic (M-) MDSC, polymorphonuclear (or neutrophilic) (PMN-) MDSC and early-stage (e-) MDSC that may exhibit differential function in different pathological scenarios. However, in cancer they are associated with inhibition of the anti-tumour immune response and are universally associated with a poor prognosis. Seven human viruses classified as Group I carcinogenic agents are jointly responsible for nearly one fifth of all human cancers. These viruses represent a large diversity of species, including DNA, RNA and retroviridae. They include the human gammaherpesviruses (Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), members of the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV), Human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Each of these viruses encode an array of different oncogenes that perturb numerous cellular pathways that ultimately, over time, lead to cancer. A prerequisite for oncogenesis is therefore establishment of chronic infection whereby the virus persists in the host cells without being eradicated by the antiviral immune response. Although some of the viruses can directly modulate the immune response to enable persistence, a growing body of evidence suggests the immune microenvironment is modulated by expansions of MDSCs, driven by viral persistence and oncogenesis. It is likely these MDSCs play a role in loss of immune recognition and function and it is therefore essential to understand their phenotype and function, particularly given the increasing importance of immunotherapy in the modern arsenal of anti-cancer therapies. This review will discuss the role of MDSCs in viral oncogenesis. In particular we will focus upon the mechanisms thought to drive the MDSC expansions, the subsets expanded and their impact upon the immune microenvironment. Importantly we will explore how MDSCs may modulate current immunotherapies and their impact upon the success of future immune-based therapies.
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Zeng X, Bahabayi A, Tuerhanbayi B, Zheng M, Liu T, Xu L, Long Y, Xia C, Lu S, Song Y, Liu C. The altered HLA-DQ expression in peripheral blood T cells of chronic hepatitis B patients characterizes the function of T cells. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:340-351. [PMID: 35274405 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the expression of HLA-DQ and granulysin in peripheral blood T-cell subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) and to evaluate their significance in assisting CHB diagnosis and immune status assessment. METHODS Peripheral blood from 34 CHB patients, 36 inactive HBsAg carriers and 33 healthy controls were collected, and HLA-DQ and granulysin in a series of T-cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry. The ability to secrete IL-10 and IFN-γ and the functional T-cell subsets were measured in Treg and CD4 cells expressing HLA-DQ or not. Correlation analyses were further conducted between HLA-DQ/granulysin-related subsets and clinical indicators of HBV infection, and ROC curves were built to evaluate diagnosis efficiency of HLA-DQ-related subsets. RESULTS HLA-DQ+ percentages in circulating CD4 T cells were downregulated in CHB patients. The proportions of HLA-DQ + Tfh in CHB were upregulated while HLA-DQ+ percentages in Treg were decreased. In terms of function, the IFN-γ secretion ability of CD4 + T cells and IL-10 secretion in Tregs were stronger in HLA-DQ+ than HLA-DQ- subsets. HLA-DQ + CD4 + T cells and HLA-DQ + Treg were negatively correlated with HBV-DNA, while HLA-DQ + Tfh and Tfc cells were positively correlated with HBV-DNA and ALT. HLA-DQ + Treg/Tfh/Tfc could help to distinguish CHB from inactive HBsAg carriers. CONCLUSION HLA-DQ on T cells can characterize the function of T-cell subsets and analysis of HLA-DQ can help to evaluate immune status and assist in diagnosis of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mohan Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songsong Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Neutrophil Functional Heterogeneity and Implications for Viral Infections and Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081322. [PMID: 35456003 PMCID: PMC9025666 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neutrophils exert specialized effector functions during infection and inflammation, and that these cells can affect the duration, severity, and outcome of the infection. These functions are related to variations in phenotypes that have implications in immunoregulation during viral infections. Although the complexity of the heterogeneity of neutrophils is still in the process of being uncovered, evidence indicates that they display phenotypes and functions that can assist in viral clearance or augment and amplify the immunopathology of viruses. Therefore, deciphering and understanding neutrophil subsets and their polarization in viral infections is of importance. In this review, the different phenotypes of neutrophils and the roles they play in viral infections are discussed. We also examine the possible ways to target neutrophil subsets during viral infections as potential anti-viral treatments.
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Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) represent a living and permanent reservoir of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Millions of these CHB patients will eventually develop complications such as liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma if they are not treated properly. Accordingly, several antiviral drugs have been developed for the treatment of CHB, but these drugs can neither eradicate all forms of HBV nor contain the progression of complications in most patients with CHB. Thus, the development of new and novel therapeutics for CHB remains a pressing need. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CHB indicate that immune dysregulations may be responsible for HBV persistence and progressive liver damage in CHB. This provided the scientific and ethical basis for the immune therapy of CHB patients. Around 30 years have passed since the initiation of immune therapies for CHB in the early 1990s, and hundreds of clinical trials have been accomplished to substantiate this immune treatment. Despite these approaches, an acceptable regimen of immune therapy is yet to be realized. However, most immune therapeutic agents are safe for human usage, and many of these protocols have inspired considerable optimism. In this review, the pros and cons of different immune therapies, observed in patients with CHB during the last 30 years, will be discussed to derive insights into the development of an evidence-based, effective, and patient-friendly regimen of immune therapy for the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa 454, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa 454, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa 454, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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8
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Schoenberg MB, Li X, Li X, Han Y, Hao J, Miksch RC, Koch D, Börner N, Beger NT, Bucher JN, Schiergens TS, Guba MO, Werner J, Bazhin AV. The predictive value of tumor infiltrating leukocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2561-2570. [PMID: 33966947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgery either through resection or transplantation often provides the only chance for cure. Since hepatocarcinogenesis and postsurgical prognosis is not only dependent on cirrhosis but also on immune activation and exhaustion, many studies have investigated tumor infiltrating leukocyte (TIL) subsets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at describing the cell groups and their predictive power regarding overall (OS), disease free (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted (PROSPERO 172324). Data on CD3+, CD8+, Treg, B cells, macrophages, neutrophil and NK-cells were collected from Pubmed and related references up to December 2018. Overall (OS), disease-free (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in dependence of high vs. low infiltration rates were compared using a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Altogether data from 3541 patients enrolled in 20 publications were included. Except for Tregs and Neutrophils, heterogeneity analysis was found to be moderate to high across the studies. High CD3+, CD8+, NK-cell infiltration predicted better survival (OS, DFS and RFS; p < 0.05). Higher Treg and Neutrophil infiltration predicted lower OS and DFS. For Macrophages and B cells no difference in survival could be found. DISCUSSION As with other solid tumors immune infiltration has a great influence on survival after resection. However, a considerable publication bias cannot be ruled out in mostly retrospective analyses. Nevertheless, in light of novel immune modulatory treatments this opens a new avenue towards effective and well-tolerated adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bo Schoenberg
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rainer Christoph Miksch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Börner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Theresa Beger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Nikolaus Bucher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Simon Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kidzeru E, Gasper MA, Shao D, Edlefsen PT, Lejarcegui N, Havyarimana E, Urdahl K, Gantt S, Horton H, Jaspan H, Gervassi A. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their association with vaccine immunogenicity in South African infants. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:939-950. [PMID: 33477200 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0420-281r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in infant immune ontogeny is unknown. Here, we evaluated MDSC frequency and relationship with infant vaccine responses throughout the first year of life in a prospective cohort study. Ninety-one South African infant-mother pairs were enrolled at delivery, and blood samples were collected at 0, 6, 10, and 14 weeks, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. MDSC frequencies were quantified, and immune responses to the childhood vaccines Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), hepatitis B (HepB), and combination diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (dTaP) were measured by Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. Vaccine-specific Ab responses to HepB, dTaP, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were quantified via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MDSC frequency in mother-infant pairs was strongly correlated; the frequency of MDSC decreased in both mothers and infants during the months after delivery/birth; and by 1 year, infant MDSC frequencies rebounded to birth levels. Higher MDSC frequency at vaccination was associated with a lack of subsequent IFN-γ release in response to vaccine Ags, with the exception of BCG. With the exception of a weak, positive correlation between MDSC frequency at 6 weeks (time of initial vaccination) and peak Hepatitis B surface antigen Ab titer, Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (PMN-MDSC) was not correlated with T cell proliferation or Ab responses in this study. The potential for MDSC-mediated suppression of vaccine Ag-specific IFN-γ responses should be explored further, and considered when evaluating candidate infant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Kidzeru
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Danica Shao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas Lejarcegui
- University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Enock Havyarimana
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin Urdahl
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Soren Gantt
- University of British Columbia Department of Pediatrics and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Helen Horton
- University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Jansen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ana Gervassi
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Li B, Yan C, Zhu J, Chen X, Fu Q, Zhang H, Tong Z, Liu L, Zheng Y, Zhao P, Jiang W, Fang W. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy Employed in Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32547550 PMCID: PMC7270402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is regarded as the main etiological risk factor in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as it promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that is partially mediated by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HBV-related HCC is indeed more immunosuppressive than microenvironments not associated with viruses. And compared to TME in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected HCC, TME of HBV-related HCC is less vascularized and presents different immune components resulting in similar immunosuppression. However, few studies are focusing on the specific side effects and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in HBV-related HCC patients, as well as on the underlying mechanism. Herein, we reviewed the basic research focusing on potential TME alteration caused by HBV infection, especially in HCC patients. Moreover, we reviewed PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy clinical trials to clarify the safety and efficacy of this newly developed treatment in the particular circumstances of HBV infection. We found that patients with HBV-related HCC displayed an acceptable safety profile similar to those of non-infected HCC patients. However, we could not determine the antiviral activity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade because standard anti-viral therapies were conducted in all of the current clinical trials, which made it difficult to distinguish the potential influence of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade on HBV infection. Generally, the objective response rates (ORRs) of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy did not differ significantly between virus-positive and virus-negative patients, except that disease control rates (DCRs) were obviously lower in HBV-infected HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qihan Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li T, Zhang X, Lv Z, Gao L, Yan H. Increased Expression of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6527192. [PMID: 32258134 PMCID: PMC7097855 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6527192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
METHODS The percentages of MDSCs, IFN-γ-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of HCC patients, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and healthy controls (HC) were determined by flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. The association of the percentages of MDSCs with tumor burden, liver function parameters, systemic inflammation-related indexes, and IFN-γ-producing T cells was assessed. RESULTS The percentages of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs were significantly higher in HCC patients than those in CHB patients and HC. The level of MDSCs was correlated with indirect bilirubin and prealbumin, as well as systemic inflammation response index, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte counts. The frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD8 T cells of HCC patients was lower than that of HC. However, there was no relationship between MDSCs and IFN-γ-producing CD8 T cells. The level of IL-10 in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in CHB patients. CONCLUSION MDSCs seem to play an important role in the process leading from chronic HBV infection to HCC. Early inhibiting these cells could affect tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
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12
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Identification of an Immunosuppressive Cell Population during Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection and Its Role in Viral Persistence in the Host. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090822. [PMID: 31487968 PMCID: PMC6783970 DOI: 10.3390/v11090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains a highly important pathogen, causing major losses in the swine industry. Persistent infection is highly relevant for CSFV maintenance in the field; however, this form of infection is not fully understood. An increase in the granulocyte population has been detected in CSFV persistently infected animals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible immunosuppressive role of these cells in CSFV persistent infection. The phenotype of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from persistently infected and naïve animals was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the capacity of specific cell subsets to reduce the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) response against unspecific and specific antigen was determined using co-culture assays. The frequency of granulocytic cells was increased in cells from CSFV persistently infected pigs and they showed a phenotype similar to immunosuppressive cell populations found in persistent infection in humans. These cells from persistently infected animals were able to reduce the IFN-γ response against unspecific and specific antigen. Our results suggest that immature immunosuppressive cell populations play a role in CSFV persistent infection in swine. The information obtained by studying the role of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during CSFV persistent infection may extrapolate to other viral persistent infections in mammals.
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13
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Li TY, Yang Y, Zhou G, Tu ZK. Immune suppression in chronic hepatitis B infection associated liver disease: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3527-3537. [PMID: 31367154 PMCID: PMC6658392 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one the leading risk factors for chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), which are a major global health problem. A large number of clinical studies have shown that chronic HBV persistent infection causes the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune response involving monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells. Among these immune cells, cell subsets with suppressive features have been recognized such as myeloid derived suppressive cells(MDSC), NK-reg, T-reg, which represent a critical regulatory system during liver fibrogenesis or tumourigenesis. However, the mechanisms that link HBV-induced immune dysfunction and HBV-related liver diseases are not understood. In this review we summarize the recent studies on innate and adaptive immune cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, and further discuss the potential mechanism of HBV-induced immunosuppressive cascade in HBV infection and consequences. It is hoped that this article will help ongoing research about the pathogenesis of HBV-related hepatic fibrosis and HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Li
- Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Liver diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guo Zhou
- Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Tu
- Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Liver diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
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