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Faure A, Dioguardi Burgio M, Cannella R, Sartoris R, Bouattour M, Hobeika C, Cauchy F, Trapani L, Beaufrère A, Vilgrain V, Ronot M. Imaging and prognostic characterization of fat-containing hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2024; 129:687-701. [PMID: 38512627 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-024-01807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC) is characterized by intratumoral fat with > 50% inflammatory changes. However, intratumoral fat (with or without inflammation) can also be found in not-otherwise specified HCC (NOS-HCC). We compared the imaging features and outcome of resected HCC containing fat on pathology including SH-HCC (> 50% steatohepatitic component), NOS-HCC with < 50% steatohepatitic component (SH-NOS-HCC), and fatty NOS-HCC (no steatohepatitic component). MATERIAL AND METHODS From September 2012 to June 2021, 94 patients underwent hepatic resection for fat-containing HCC on pathology. Imaging features and categories were assessed using LIRADS v2018. Fat quantification was performed on chemical-shift MRI. Recurrence-free and overall survival were estimated. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (26%) had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The median intra-tumoral fat fraction was 8%, with differences between SH-HCC and SH-NOS-HCC (9.5% vs. 5% p = 0.03). There was no difference in major LI-RADS features between all groups; most tumors were classified as LR-4/5. A mosaic architecture on MRI was rare (7%) in SH-HCC, a fat in mass on CT was more frequently depicted (48%) in SH-HCC. A combination of NASH with no mosaic architecture on MRI or NASH with fat in mass on CT yielded excellent specificity for diagnosing SH-HCC (97.6% and 97.7%, respectively). The median recurrence-free and overall survival were 58 and 87 months, with no difference between groups (p = 0.18 and p = 0.69). CONCLUSION In patients with NASH, an SH-HCC may be suspected in L4/LR-5 observations with no mosaic architecture at MRI or with fat in mass on CT. Oncological outcomes appear similar between fat-containing HCC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Faure
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Marco Dioguardi Burgio
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.
- UMR1149, Centre de Recherche Sur L'inflammation, Université Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Roberto Cannella
- Section of Radiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sartoris
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Mohamed Bouattour
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Christian Hobeika
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Francois Cauchy
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Loïc Trapani
- Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Aurélie Beaufrère
- UMR1149, Centre de Recherche Sur L'inflammation, Université Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
- UMR1149, Centre de Recherche Sur L'inflammation, Université Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP.Nord, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
- UMR1149, Centre de Recherche Sur L'inflammation, Université Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France
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Mendes Serrão E, Klug M, Moloney BM, Jhaveri A, Lo Gullo R, Pinker K, Luker G, Haider MA, Shinagare AB, Liu X. Current Status of Cancer Genomics and Imaging Phenotypes: What Radiologists Need to Know. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e220153. [PMID: 37921555 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights into tumor biology and heterogeneity within a single tumor, among primary and metastatic lesions, and among patients with the same histologic type of cancer. Large-scale genomic sequencing studies also sparked the development of new tumor classifications, biomarkers, and targeted therapies. Because of the central role of imaging in cancer diagnosis and therapy, radiologists need to be familiar with the basic concepts of genomics, which are now becoming the new norm in oncologic clinical practice. By incorporating these concepts into clinical practice, radiologists can make their imaging interpretations more meaningful and specific, facilitate multidisciplinary clinical dialogue and interventions, and provide better patient-centric care. This review article highlights basic concepts of genomics and epigenomics, reviews the most common genetic alterations in cancer, and discusses the implications of these concepts on imaging by organ system in a case-based manner. This information will help stimulate new innovations in imaging research, accelerate the development and validation of new imaging biomarkers, and motivate efforts to bring new molecular and functional imaging methods to clinical radiology. Keywords: Oncology, Cancer Genomics, Epignomics, Radiogenomics, Imaging Markers Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mendes Serrão
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Maximiliano Klug
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Brian M Moloney
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Aaditeya Jhaveri
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Roberto Lo Gullo
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Katja Pinker
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Gary Luker
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Masoom A Haider
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Atul B Shinagare
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 585 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2N2 (E.M.S., A.J., M.A.H., X.L.); Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.K.); Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, England (B.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (R.L.G., K.P.); Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.L.); Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.A.H.); and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A.B.S.)
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Sun L, Zhao H, Ding XY, Yang K, Wang GS, Chen JM, Han XY, Wan G, Zhang L, Zhou XG, Chen XM, Wang P, Xie W. Clinicopathological Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Metabolic Risk Factors. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:833-846. [PMID: 37304209 PMCID: PMC10257051 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s412129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the pathological characteristics of metabolic-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with metabolic factors. Methods Fifty-one patients with liver cancer of unknown causes were enrolled. Biopsy of the liver and staining of the liver tissues with hematoxylin-eosin as well as special and immunohistochemical stains were performed. The histological subtypes of HCC were diagnosed based on the WHO Classification of Malignant Hepatocellular Tumors. The NAFLD activity score system was adopted for assessing the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissues. Results Of the total, 42 (82.4%) patients were diagnosed with HCC, 32 had metabolic risk factors, 20 patients met the diagnostic criteria of the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC, and 40.6% (13/32) had liver cirrhosis. The incidence of cirrhosis (p = 0.033) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (p = 0.036) in patients with MAFLD-related HCC was notably higher than that in HCC patients with only metabolic risk factors. Among the 32 HCC cases with metabolic risk factors, trabecular type was the most prevalent, followed by steatohepatitis type, scirrhous type, solid type, pseudoglandular type, clear-cell type, and macrotrabecular type. The degree of tumor cells' swelling and ballooning was found to be positively related to the degree of fibrosis in the surrounding liver tissues (p = 0.011) as well as the proportion of cirrhosis (p = 0.004). Moreover, the degree of fibrosis in the surrounding liver tissues showed a negative correlation with the levels of serum cholesterol (p = 0.002), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.002), ApoA1 (p = 0.009), ApoB (p = 0.022), total protein (p = 0.015), WBC count (p = 0.006), and PLT count (p = 0.015). Conclusion Pathological characteristics of the tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissues of HCC with metabolic risk factors were found to be correlated with metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ding
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Shuang Wang
- Center of Medical Insurance, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Han
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Gang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
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Chen K, Xu Y, Dong Y, Han H, Mao F, Wang H, Song X, Luo R, Wang WP. Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Features and Clinicopathological Investigation of Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071337. [PMID: 37046555 PMCID: PMC10093104 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC) is a distinctive histologic variant of HCC for the presence of steatohepatitis. This study intended to evaluate the contrast-enhanced imaging features and clinicopathological characteristics of 26 SH-HCCs in comparison with 26 age-and-sex-matched non-SH-HCCs. The frequency of obesity (34.6%, p = 0.048) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (23.1%, p = 0.042) were significantly higher in SH-HCC patients. As seen via B-mode ultrasound (BMUS), SH-HCCs were predominantly hyperechoic (65.4%, p = 0.002) lesions, while non-SH-HCCs were mainly hypo-echoic. As seen via contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), 96.2% of SH-HCCs exhibited hyperenhancement in the arterial phase. During the portal venous and late phase, 88.5% of SH-HCCs showed late and mild washout. Consequently, most SH-HCCs and all non-SH-HCCs were categorized as LR-4 or LR-5. As seen via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a signal drop in the T1WI opposed-phase was observed in 84.6% of SH-HCCs (p = 0.000). Notably, diffuse fat in mass was detected in 57.7% (15/26) SH-HCCs (p < 0.001). As seen via contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI), most of the SH-HCCs and non-SH-HCCs exhibited heterogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase (80.8% versus 69.2%, p = 0.337). During the delayed phase, 76.9% SH-HCCs and 88.5% non-SH-HCCs exhibited hypo-enhancement. Histopathologically, the rate of microvascular invasion (MVI) was significantly lower in SH-HCCs than non-SH-HCCs (42.3% versus 73.1%, p = 0.025). The frequency of hepatic steatosis >5% in non-tumoral liver parenchyma of SH-HCCs was significantly higher than in non-SH-HCCs (88.5% versus 26.9%, p = 0.000). Additionally, the fibrotic stages of S0, S1 and S2 in SH-HCCs were significantly higher than in non-SH-HCCs (p = 0.044). During follow-up, although the PFS of SH-HCC patients was significantly longer than non-SH-HCC patients (p = 0.046), for the overall survival rate of SH-HCC and non-SH-HCC patients there was no significant difference (p = 0.162). In conclusion, the frequency of metabolism-related diseases in SH-HCC patients was significantly higher than in non-SH-HCC patients. The imaging features of SH-HCCs combined the fatty change and typical enhancement performance of standard HCC as seen via CEUS/CEMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yadan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Universitity School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhao Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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