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Martin Capon I, Gutierrez E, Huerta A, Viera E, Alvarez Nadal M, Fernández-Lucas M, Villacorta J. Relapse treatment with low-dose steroids in steroid-sensitive minimal change disease. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 4:1426156. [PMID: 39055858 PMCID: PMC11269268 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2024.1426156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background The treatment of minimal change disease (MCD) consists of a high dose of steroids for several months, implying significant drug toxicity. Nevertheless, relapses of steroid-sensitive MCD usually respond to lower doses of steroids. Methods The objective of this study was to analyze whether a low dose of steroids (LDS) is effective for the treatment of MCD relapses. Since 2018, new relapses of steroid-sensitive adult patients with MCD in three Spanish centers have been treated with LDS. The cumulative dose of steroids, the time to remission, and the relapse-free time were compared between relapses treated with LDS and previous relapses of the same patients treated with a standard dose of steroids (SDS). Results A total of 51 relapses in 31 patients were treated with LDS and compared with 48 historical relapses of the same patients treated with SDS. The mean doses of prednisone adjusted by weight for the initial treatment were 0.45 mg/kg (0.40-0.51 mg/kg) in the relapses treated with LDS and 0.88 mg/kg (0.81-1.00 mg/kg) in those treated with SDS. The mean cumulative doses of prednisone in LDS- and SDS-treated relapses were 1,191 mg (801-1,890 mg) and 3,700 mg (2,755-5,800 mg), respectively. The duration of treatment was 63 days (42-117 days) in the LDS group and was 140 days (65-195 days) in the SDS group. All patients achieved complete remission within 1 month after steroid therapy in both groups. The times to remission of the LDS and SDS groups were 19.10 ± 12.80 and 18.93 ± 12.98 days, respectively (p = 0.95). Conclusion Among the steroid-sensitive patients with MCD, relapse therapy with LDS (0.5 mg/kg) appears effective and allows minimization of the steroid cumulative dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martin Capon
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gutierrez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Huerta
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Viera
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alvarez Nadal
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Fernández-Lucas
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Villacorta
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Ma MKM, Yap DYH, Li CL, Mok MMY, Chan GCW, Kwan LPY, Lai KN, Tang SCW. Low-dose corticosteroid and mycophenolate for primary treatment of minimal change disease. QJM 2020; 113:399-403. [PMID: 31769845 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolate has been shown to be effective in glomerular disease. However, the role of mycophenolate in the first-line treatment of adult-onset idiopathic minimal change disease (MCD) has not been systematically studied in a randomized fashion. AIM To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium combined with low-dose corticosteroid as first-line treatment for MCNS. DESIGN A prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial. METHODS Twenty adult patients with biopsy proven MCD were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either enteric-coated Mycophenolate Sodium (EC-MPS) plus low-dose prednisolone (Group 1: Prednisolone 0.25 mg/kg/day, n = 10) or standard-dose prednisolone (Group 2: Prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, n = 10). RESULTS After 24 weeks of therapy, eight patients in Group 1 vs. seven of patients in Group 2 achieved complete remission (P = 0.606). Both groups showed a significant reduction of urine protein excretion (P < 0.05) and increased serum albumin (P < 0.001) vs. baseline levels. However, no significant between-group differences were demonstrated. The relapse rate was also similar in both groups. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated but there were more patient reported adverse effects in the standard-dose prednisolone group. CONCLUSION EC-MPS plus low-dose prednisolone is non-inferior to standard-dose prednisolone therapy in inducing clinical remission and preventing relapse in adult-onset idiopathic MCD and is associated with better tolerability and less adverse effects. This trial is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01185197.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K M Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Y H Yap
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - C L Li
- Renal Department, Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, Macao, China
| | - M M Y Mok
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - G C W Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - L P Y Kwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K N Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - S C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Nakano K, Nishizawa M, Fukuda N, Urasaki T, Wang X, Mitani H, Takahashi S. Mycophenolate mofetil as a successful treatment of corticosteroid-resistant immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis. Oxf Med Case Reports 2020; 2020:omaa027. [PMID: 32477577 PMCID: PMC7243717 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now widely used to many malignant diseases, but some patients suffer from immune-related adverse events during or after ICI treatments. The monoclonal antibody infliximab is usually chosen as a salvage treatment to combat corticosteroid-resistant adverse events, but infliximab is not recommended as a response to hepatitis because of the potential risk of liver failure. An alternative treatment option has not been established. We treated a head and neck cancer patient (a 50-year-old Japanese male) who suffered from corticosteroid-resistant hepatitis during treatment with nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 ICI, and that was recovered by mycophenolate mofetil salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Urasaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Koutsianas C, Thomas K, Vassilopoulos D. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in rheumatic diseases: risk and management considerations. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20912646. [PMID: 32206094 PMCID: PMC7076579 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20912646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) has been long recognized as a major treatment-related adverse event with substantial morbidity and mortality. Because HBVr is easily preventable with appropriate screening and monitoring strategies, and, when indicated, prophylactic antiviral treatment, awareness of this complication is of the utmost importance, especially in the era of biologic treatments. As a condition, it continues to be topical, in view of the emergence of novel classes of immunosuppressive drugs (i.e. Janus kinase inhibitors) acquiring licenses for a variety of rheumatic diseases. The class-specific risk of these agents for HBVr has not yet been determined. Moreover, ambiguity still exists for the management of patients planned to be treated with traditional agents, such as cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids, particularly in the setting of resolved HBV infection. Clinicians in the field of rheumatic diseases should be tailoring their practice according to the host's profile and treatment-specific risk for HBVr. In this review, the authors attempt to critically review the existing literature and provide practical advice on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsianas
- Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Thomas
- Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vassilopoulos
- Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 114 Vass. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 27, Greece
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Arora A, Anand AC, Kumar A, Singh SP, Aggarwal R, Dhiman RK, Aggarwal S, Alam S, Bhaumik P, Dixit VK, Goel A, Goswami B, Kumar A, Kumar M, Madan K, Murugan N, Nagral A, Puri AS, Rao PN, Saraf N, Saraswat VA, Sehgal S, Sharma P, Shenoy KT, Wadhawan M. INASL Guidelines on Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients receiving Chemotherapy, Biologicals, Immunosupressants, or Corticosteroids. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:403-431. [PMID: 30568345 PMCID: PMC6286881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving chemotherapy, biologicals, immunosupressants, or corticosteroids is emerging to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with current or prior exposure to HBV infection. These patients suffer a dual onslaught of illness: one from the primary disease for which they are receiving the culprit drug that led to HBV reactivation, and the other from HBV reactivation itself. The HBV reactivation not only leads to a compromised liver function, which may culminate into hepatic failure; it also adversely impacts the treatment outcome of the primary illness. Hence, identification of patients at risk of reactivation before starting these drugs, and starting treatment aimed at prevention of HBV reactivation is the best strategy of managing these patients. There are no Indian guidelines on management of HBV infection in patients receiving chemotherapy, biologicals, immunosupressants, or corticosteroids for the treatment of rheumatologic conditions, malignancies, inflammatory bowel disease, dermatologic conditions, or solid-organ or bone marrow transplantation. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) had set up a taskforce on HBV in 2016, with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines for management of various aspects of HBV infection, relevant to India. In 2017 the taskforce had published the first INASL guidelines on management of HBV infection in India. In the present guidelines, which are in continuation with the previous guidelines, the issues on management of HBV infection in patients receiving chemotherapy, biologicals, immunosupressants, or corticosteroids are addressed.
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Key Words
- ACLF, Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
- AFP, Alphafetoprotein
- ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase
- Anti-HBc, Antibodies to Hepatitis B Core Antigen
- Anti-HBs, Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
- CHB, Chronic Hepatitis B
- CHOP, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone
- CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease
- DILI, Drug-Induced Liver Injury
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- ETV, Entecavir
- GRADE, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation
- HAV, Hepatitis A Virus
- HBIG, Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
- HBV DNA, Hepatitis B Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- HBV, Hepatitis B Virus
- HBcAg, Hepatitis B Core Antigen
- HBeAg, Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen
- HBsAg, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
- HDV, Hepatitis D Virus
- HEV, Hepatitis E Virus
- HLA, Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I
- INASL, Indian National Association for Study of the Liver
- LAM, Lamivudine
- NAs, Nucleos(t)ide Analogs
- NHL, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- NK, Natural Killer
- PegIFN-α, Pegylated Interferon Alpha
- RA, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- SLE, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- TAF, Tenofovir Alafenamide
- TDF, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- TLC, Total Leucocyte Count
- ULN, Upper Limit of Normal
- cancer
- cccDNA, Covalently Closed Circular Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- chemotherapy
- hepatitis B
- immunosupressants
- liver failure
- rcDNA, Relaxed-Circular Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Arora
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivaram P. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shyam Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Alam
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Bhaumik
- Department of Medicine, Agartala Govt. Medical College (AGMC), Agartala, India
| | - Vinod K. Dixit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Bhabadev Goswami
- Department of Gastoenterology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, Fortis Flt Lt Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushal Madan
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aabha Nagral
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok and Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Amarender S. Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Padaki N. Rao
- Hepatology, Asian Institute Of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neeraj Saraf
- Hepatology, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, India
| | - Vivek A. Saraswat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Sehgal
- Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manav Wadhawan
- Hepatology & Liver Transplant (Medicine), Fortis Escorts Liver & Digestive Diseases Institute (FELDI), Fortis Escorts Hospital, Delhi, India
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Mallet V, van Bömmel F, Doerig C, Pischke S, Hermine O, Locasciulli A, Cordonnier C, Berg T, Moradpour D, Wedemeyer H, Ljungman P. Management of viral hepatitis in patients with haematological malignancy and in patients undergoing haemopoietic stem cell transplantation: recommendations of the 5th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-5). THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:606-617. [PMID: 27599653 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis affects millions of people worldwide, and host immunity is the key determinant of patient outcome. Viral hepatitis can be life threatening in patients with haematological malignancy, including haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, because of the virus itself, or through a need to decrease the dose of chemotherapy. A past or currently infected haemopoietic stem cell donor could also transmit viral hepatitis. The burden of viral hepatitis in patients with haematological malignancies and the weak evidence on which previous guidelines are based has prompted the European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia (ECIL-5) to convene a group of experts in the fields of viral hepatitis and of haematological malignancy to specifically address previously unconsidered issues and grade the available quality of evidence according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America grading system. The group recommends that all patients should be screened for hepatotropic viruses before haematological treatment and that patients or haemopoietic stem cell donors with markers of past or current viral hepatitis should be assessed by an expert. Screening, vaccination, and treatment rules are reported in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mallet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1223, Paris, France; Hepatology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port-Royal, Paris, France.
| | | | - Christopher Doerig
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Pischke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, First Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Haematology, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anna Locasciulli
- Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, Ospedale SanCamillo, Roma, Italia
| | - Catherine Cordonnier
- Haematology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Berg
- Hepatology Section, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Per Ljungman
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Haematology and Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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López-Serrano P, Briongos EDLF, Alonso EC, Pérez-Calle JL, Rodríguez CF. Hepatitis B and immunosuppressive therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases: When and how to apply prophylaxis, with a special focus on corticosteroid therapy. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:539-547. [PMID: 25848477 PMCID: PMC4381176 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently immunosuppressive and biological agents are used in a more extensive and earlier way in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic or dermatologic diseases. Although these drugs have shown a significant clinical benefit, the safety of these treatments is a challenge. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivations have been reported widely, even including liver failure and death, and it represents a deep concern in these patients. Current guidelines recommend to pre-emptive therapy in patients with immunosuppressants in general, but preventive measures focused in patients with corticosteroids and inflammatory diseases are scarce. Screening for HBV infection should be done at diagnosis. The patients who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, but do not meet criteria for antiviral treatment must receive prophylaxis before undergoing immunosuppression, including corticosteroids at higher doses than prednisone 20 mg/d during more than two weeks. Tenofovir and entecavir are preferred than lamivudine because of their better resistance profile in long-term immunosuppressant treatments. There is not a strong evidence, to make a general recommendation on the necessity of prophylaxis therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases that are taking low doses of corticosteroids in short term basis or low systemic bioavailability corticosteroids such as budesonide or beclomethasone dipropionate. In these cases regularly HBV DNA monitoring is recommended, starting early antiviral therapy if DNA levels begin to rise. In patients with occult or resolved hepatitis the risk of reactivation is much lower, and excepting for Rituximab treatment, the prophylaxis is not necessary.
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8
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Zhao L, Cheng J, Zhou J, Wu C, Chen J. Enhanced Steroid Therapy in Adult Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Intern Med 2015; 54:2101-8. [PMID: 26328632 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The best regimen for adult minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is still unknown. Due to an excessive number of adverse events caused by oral steroid monotherapy, enhanced steroid therapy (low dose of prednisolone with a short course of methylprednisolone or with another immunosuppressant) has been studied extensively for years. In this study, the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO and Cochrane Library databases were searched for clinical trials which compared enhanced steroid therapy with oral steroid monotherapy in adult MCNS and a meta-analysis was performed. Seven studies involving 357 patients were included. We found that patients treated with enhanced steroid therapy responded more quickly to complete remission (CR) [mean difference = -9.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): -12.66--6.39, p<0.00001] and showed fewer adverse events [risk radio (RR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97, p=0.03] than patients receiving oral steroid monotherapy. The CR rate (RR= 0.96, 95% CI: 0.83-1.10, p=0.53) and relapse rate (RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.57-1.34, p=0.53) were similar in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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Xuan D, Yu Y, Shao L, Wang J, Zhang W, Zou H. Hepatitis reactivation in patients with rheumatic diseases after immunosuppressive therapy--a report of long-term follow-up of serial cases and literature review. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:577-86. [PMID: 24343455 PMCID: PMC3962582 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this paper are to report hepatitis B virus reactivation in 12 patients with rheumatic disease undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and to evaluate whether pre-emptive antiviral therapy is necessary in patients receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. From January 2008 to March 2012, a total of 12 HBV-infected patients with rheumatic diseases were consecutively enrolled in the long-term follow-up. Liver function, HBV DNA, and serum aminotransferase level were tested during the follow-up. We also reviewed the published reports and summarized the clinical characteristics of HBV reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases. The medium duration of follow-up was 41 months (range 16–48). Patients were treated with prednisone, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blocking agents (TNFBA). HBV reactivation was only documented in two patients treated with prednisone without pre-emptive antiviral therapy. One hundred patients from literature review were identified as having HBV reactivation; 20.8 % of the patients receiving prednisone experienced HBV reactivation compared to only 4.46 and 9.52 % of patients treated with DMARDs or TNFBA, respectively. This long-term follow-up of serial cases suggests that pre-emptive antiviral therapy should be administered in patients receiving prednisone therapy for rheumatic disease. In contrast, DMARDs and TNFBA are relatively safe to HBV-infected patients with rheumatic diseases. Close monitoring of HBV DNA and ALT levels is necessary in the management of HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Zheng XY, Wei RB, Tang L, Li P, Zheng XD. Meta-analysis of combined therapy for adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:821-32. [PMID: 22371643 PMCID: PMC3286146 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i8.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined antiviral and immunosuppressant therapy in adult hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) patients.
METHODS: A computerized literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Chinese BioMedical Literature on disc, Chinese Medical Current Contents, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VIP (Chinese Technological Journal of Database) to collect articles between June 1980 and December 2010 on therapy with immunosuppressants, e.g., glucorticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide, combined with antivirals, e.g., interferon, lamivudine, entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil, in adult HBV-GN patients. The primary outcomes were remission of proteinuria, clearance of HBV e-antigen, and elevation of serum albumin. The secondary outcomes were blood levels of alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and HBV-DNA titer. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.1. Fixed or random effect models were employed to combine the results after a heterogeneity test. The effects of the combined therapy were analyzed for different doses of glucorticosteroid and different types of HBV-GN.
RESULTS: Twelve clinical trials with 317 patients were included. A significantly higher incidence of HBV-GN was found in male patients (relative risk = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.98-2.93). Combined therapy reduced the proteinuria significantly with a mean difference of 4.19 (95% CI: 3.86-4.53) and increased the serum albumin concentration significantly with a mean difference of -11.95 (95% CI: -12.97-10.93) without significant alterations of liver function (mean difference: 4.62, 95% CI: -2.55-11.79) and renal function (mean difference: 10.29, 95% CI: 0.14-20.45). No significant activation of HBV-DNA replication occurred (mean difference: 0.12, 95% CI: -0.37-0.62). There was no significant difference between the high dose glucorticosteroid group and the low dose glucorticosteroid group in terms of proteinuria remission (P = 0.76) and between different pathological types of HBV-GN [membranous glomerulonephritis (MN) vs mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, P = 0.68; MN vs membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, P = 0.27].
CONCLUSION: Combined antiviral and immunosuppressant therapy can improve the proteinuria in HBV-GN patients without altering HBV replication or damaging liver and renal functions.
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