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Rivasi G, Coscarelli A, Capacci M, Ceolin L, Turrin G, Tortù V, D'Andria MF, Testa GD, Ungar A. Tolerability of Antihypertensive Medications: The Influence of Age. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024; 31:261-269. [PMID: 38658522 PMCID: PMC11161422 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite high prevalence of hypertension, few studies have analysed the adverse effects (AEs) of antihypertensive medications, especially in older patients. AIM To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of antihypertensive-related AEs, focusing on the influence of age on treatment tolerability. METHODS We retrospectively investigated antihypertensive-related AEs in patients evaluated at the Hypertension Clinic of Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy, between January 2017 and July 2020. Multivariable regression models were generated to analyse variables associated with AEs in the overall sample and in participants ≥75 years. RESULTS Among 622 subjects (mean age 64.8 years, 51.4% female), the most frequently reported AEs were calcium-channel blockers (CCB)-related ankle swelling (26.8%) and ACEi-induced cough (15.1%). Ankle swelling was more common in older patients (35.7% vs 22.3%, p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] 1.94, 95%CI 1.289-2.912) and was independently associated with Body Mass Index (BMI, adjOR 1.073) and angiotensin-receptor antagonists (adjOR 1.864). The association with BMI was confirmed in older patients (adjOR 1.134). ACEi-induced cough showed similar prevalence in younger and older patients (13.9% vs 15.6%, p = 0.634), being independently associated with female sex (adjOR 2.118), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, adjOR 2.488) and SNRI therapy (adjOR 8.114). The association with GERD was confirmed in older patients (adjOR 3.238). CONCLUSIONS CCB-related ankle swelling and ACEi-induced cough represent the most common antihypertensive-related AEs, also at old age. Older patients showed a two-fold increased risk of ankle swelling, that was also independently associated with BMI. ACEi-induced cough had similar prevalence at younger and old ages, being independently associated with GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rivasi
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Antonio Coscarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Capacci
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ceolin
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Turrin
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Tortù
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Flora D'Andria
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dario Testa
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Ungar
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Referral Centre for Hypertension in Older Adults, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Hajdys J, Fularski P, Leszto K, Majchrowicz G, Stabrawa M, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. New Insights into the Nephroprotective Potential of Lercanidipine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14048. [PMID: 37762350 PMCID: PMC10531189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are responsible for many crucial biological processes in the human body, including maintaining the water-electrolyte balance, pH, and blood pressure (BP), along with the elimination of toxins. Despite this, chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more and more people, is a disease that develops insidiously without causing any symptoms at first. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the existing literature on lercanidipine, with a particular focus on its nephroprotective properties. Lercanidipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine (DHP) blocker of calcium channels, and as such it possesses unique qualities such as high lipophilicity and high vascular selectivity. Furthermore, it acts by reversibly inhibiting L-type and T-type calcium channels responsible for exerting positive renal effects. It has been shown to reduce tissue inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, contributing to a decrease in proteinuria. Moreover, it exhibited antioxidative effects and increased expression of molecules responsible for repairing damaged tissues. It also decreased cell proliferation, preventing thickening of the vascular lumen. This article summarizes studies simultaneously comparing the effect of lercanidipine with other antihypertensive drugs. There is still a lack of studies on the medications used in patients with CKD, and an even greater lack of studies on those used in patients with concomitant hypertension. Therefore, further studies on lercanidipine and its potential in hypertensive patients with coexisting CKD are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Tao M, Zhou S, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Chen J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ou N, Wang G, Shao F, Aa J. Development and validation of two LC-MS/MS methods to assay urinary tylerdipine hydrochloride and its metabolites in healthy Chinese subjects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:172-179. [PMID: 30176506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For quantitative assaying tylerdipine hydrochloride, and its two primary metabolites (M2 and M4) in human urine, two sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS methods were firstly developed and validated, where multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was applied under positive electrospray ionization mode for tylerdipine and negative electrospray ionization mode for M2/M4, respectively. Urinary proteins were precipitated using acetonitrile, and deuterated isotopes of tylerdipine and M4 ([D5]‑tylerdipine and [D6]-M4) were used as internal standards. Triton X-100, a good surfactant, was used to prevent the adsorption. An Agilent Poroshell 120 column was employed for chromatographic separation of the analytes with the mobile phases of 2 mM ammonium formate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (45:55 for tylerdipine and 75:25 for the M2/M4, v/v). Flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. Calibration curves for tylerdipine, M2 and M4 in urine were linear over the ranges of 0.02-10 ng/mL, 2-1500 ng/mL and 0.5-200 ng/mL, respectively. The precision, accuracy, specificity and stability of two methods all evaluated and achieved the acceptable criteria. The LC-MS/MS methods were successfully applied to assay urinary excretion of tylerdipine and the metabolites in healthy Chinese subjects who orally received a single dose of 20 mg tylerdipine tablet. Generally, the urinary excretion of the two primary metabolites accounted for 11.7% of the total dose of tylerdipine in healthy Chinese subjects, while little tylerdipine was recovered in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sufeng Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ning Ou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Grassi G, Robles NR, Seravalle G, Fici F. Lercanidipine in the Management of Hypertension: An Update. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2017; 8:155-165. [PMID: 29472747 PMCID: PMC5820745 DOI: 10.4103/jpp.jpp_34_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), particularly dihydropyridine-CCBs, (DHP-CCBs), have an established role in antihypertensive therapy, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Two hundred and fifty-one papers published in PubMed in English between January 1, 1990, and October 31, 2016, were identified using the keyword "lercanidipine." Lercanidipine is a lipophilic third-generation DHP-CCB, characterized by high vascular selectivity and persistence in the smooth muscle cell membranes. Lercanidipine is devoid of sympathetic activation, and unlike the first and second generation of DHP-CCBs, it dilates both the afferent and the efferent glomerular arteries, while preserving the intraglomerular pressure. In addition, lercanidipine prevents renal damage induced by angiotensin II and demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties through an increasing bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide. It is associated with a regression of microvascular structural modifications in hypertensive patients. The efficacy of lercanidipine has been demonstrated in patients with different degrees of hypertension, in the young and elderly and in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. In patients with diabetes and renal impairment, lercanidipine displays a renal protection with a significant decrease of microalbuminuria and improvement of creatinine clearance. Lercanidipine is well tolerated and is associated with a very low rate of adverse events, particularly ankle edema, compared with amlodipine and nifedipine. In conclusion, lercanidipine produces a sustained blood pressure-lowering activity with a high rate of responder/normalized patients, associated with a favorable tolerability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica of the University of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gino Seravalle
- San Luca Hospital, Italian Auxological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fici
- Clinica Medica of the University of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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Fici F, Seravalle G, Koylan N, Nalbantgil I, Cagla N, Korkut Y, Quarti-Trevano F, Makel W, Grassi G. Follow-up of Antihypertensive Therapy Improves Blood Pressure Control: Results of HYT (HYperTension survey) Follow-up. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2017; 24:289-296. [PMID: 28497339 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-017-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although improved during the past few years, blood pressure control remains sub optimal. AIM The impact of follow-up assessment on blood pressure control was evaluated in a group of patients of the HYT (HYperTension survey), treated with a combination of different dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (CCBs regimen) and inhibitors of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and with uncontrolled blood pressure. This was obtained assessing (a) the rate of blood pressure control at 3 and 6 months of follow-up in the whole group of patients, (b) the rate of blood pressure control and the average blood pressure values in subjects treated with different DHP-CCBs regimen. METHODS From the 4993 patients with uncontrolled blood pressure, (BP ≥ 140/90 or ≥140/85 in patients with diabetes), 3729 (mean age 61.2 ± 11.5 years), maintained CCBs regimen combined wih RAAS blockers and were evaluated at 3 and 6 months follow-up. At each visit BP (semiautomatic device, Omron-M6, 3 measurements), heart rate, adverse events and treatment persistence were collected. RESULTS At 1st and 2nd follow-up the rate of controlled BP was 63.5 and 72.8% respectively (p < 0.05 vs 35.3% at baseline), whereas in diabetes was 32.5 and 37.9% respectively (p < 0.05 vs 20% at baseline). No differences in heart rate were observed. No differences in control rate were observed between the different CCBs regimen. The incidence of drugs related adverse events was 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that: (a) the follow-up of hypertensive patients under therapy increase the rate of blood pressure control; (b) there is no significant difference in the antihypertensive effect between different CCBs regimen;
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fici
- Clinica Medica, Università Milano Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, Monza-Milan, 20052, Italy
| | - G Seravalle
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS S. Luca Hpt, Milan, Italy
| | - N Koylan
- Anadolu Saglik Merkezi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Nalbantgil
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Cagla
- Düzen Labaratuvarları, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Korkut
- Primary Care Department, Dumlupinar University, Kutahyta, Turkey
| | - F Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Università Milano Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, Monza-Milan, 20052, Italy
| | - W Makel
- Clinical Research Facilities International B.V., Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - G Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Università Milano Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, Monza-Milan, 20052, Italy.
- IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
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Li X, Shi F, He X, Jian L, Ding L. A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of lercanidipine in human plasma and its application in a bioequivalence study in Chinese healthy volunteers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:67-72. [PMID: 27232153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of lercanidipine (LER) in human plasma. The plasma sample was deproteinized with methanol after addition of diazepam (internal standard, IS) and separated on a 38°C Hedera ODS-2 analytical column with a mobile phase of methanol and 5mM ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid at an isocratic flow rate of 400μL/min. The detection was performed on an API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ESI mode. Quantification was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions of m/z 612.2→280.2 for LER and m/z 285.1→193.1 for IS, respectively. The method exhibited high sensitivity (LLOQ of 0.015ng/mL) and good linearity over the concentration range of 0.015-8.0ng/mL. No matrix effect and carry-over effect were observed. The values on both the occasions (intra- and inter-day) were all within 15% at three concentration levels. This robust method was successfully applied in a bioequivalence study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LER in 59 healthy male Chinese volunteers after a single oral administration of 10mg LER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Selvaraj N, Adhimoolam M, Perumal DK, Rajamohammed MA. Neuroprotective Effect of Lercanidipine- A Novel Calcium Channel Blocker in Albino Mice. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:FF01-5. [PMID: 26673531 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14085.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available conventional antiepileptics do not afford cure or prophylactic treatment and henceforth there is always a quest to explore new targets for management of convulsions. In this perspective, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers have been investigated in various animal models of epilepsy. Lercanidipine, a newer dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, is a potential candidate with its favourable lipid profile and longer duration of action. OBJECTIVE (1) To evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of lercanidipine alone and in combination with standard drug in adult male Swiss albino mice. (2) To evaluate the muscle relaxant and spontaneous locomotor activity of lercanidipine in adult male Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Swiss albino mice weighing 20-30g were used to study the anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and spontaneous locomotor activity using electroconvulsometer, rotarod and actophotometer apparatus respectively. The mice were divided into six groups of six animals in each group. Group 1 and 2 served as control (vehicle treated) and standard group respectively. Standard drug used to evaluate anticonvulsant effect is phenytoin sodium 25 mg/kg I.P. whereas muscle relaxant activity and locomotor activity is diazepam 4 mg/kg I.P., Group 3 and 4 received lercanidipine 1 and 3 mg/kg I.P., respectively. Anticonvulsant models included group 5 and 6 and they were given combination of phenytoin sodium 12.5 mg/kg I.P., with lercanidipine 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p, respectively. Abolition or reduction of tonic hind limb extension was considered as index of anticonvulsant activity whereas the balancing time of the animals in rod was recorded to asses muscle relaxant activity. The locomotor activity was recorded for 5 minutes. The data were analysed with one-way Analysis of Variance followed by post-hoc 'Dunnett t-test'. RESULTS Lercanidipine given alone in a dose of 1 and 3 mg/kg had significantly reduced the tonic hind limb extension. Combination of lercanidipine (3 mg/kg) and phenytoin had offered 100% protection. The results also revealed that the test drug didn't impair the motor coordination and locomotor activity in mice. CONCLUSION The present study had demonstrated that lercanidipine could be potential novel candidate for the treatment of convulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Selvaraj
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital , Puducherry, India
| | - Mangaiarkkarasi Adhimoolam
- Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital , Puducherry, India
| | - Deepa Kameswari Perumal
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital , Puducherry, India
| | - Meher Ali Rajamohammed
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital , Puducherry, India
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Na SH, Lee HY, Hong Baek S, Jeon HK, Kang JH, Kim YN, Park CG, Ryu JK, Rhee MY, Kim MH, Hong TJ, Choi DJ, Cho SW, Cha DH, Jeon ES, Kim JJ, Shin JH, Park SH, Lee SH, John SH, Shin ES, Kim NH, Lee SY, Kwan J, Jeong MH, Kim SW, Jeong JO, Kim DW, Lee NH, Park WJ, Ahn JC, Won KH, Uk Lee S, Cho JH, Kim SK, Ahn T, Hong S, Yoo SY, Kim SY, Kim BS, Juhn JH, Kim SY, Lee YJ, Oh BH. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Lercanidipine/Valsartan Combination in Korean Patients With Essential Hypertension Not Adequately Controlled With Lercanidipine Monotherapy: A Randomized, Multicenter, Parallel Design, Phase III Clinical Trial. Clin Ther 2015; 37:1726-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wu Y, Xu M, Wang H, Xu X, Zhao S, Zhang M, Jin H, Yan J, Wang B, Gong J, Lu X, Peng J, Dai Q. Lercanidipine hydrochloride versus felodipine sustained-release for mild-to-moderate hypertension: a multi-center, randomized clinical trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2015; 31:171-6. [PMID: 25425015 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.960073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lercanidipine hydrochloride and felodipine sustained-release tablets comparison for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate primary hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was designed as a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial. A total of 281 adult patients (18-75 years) with a mild-to-moderate primary hypertension diagnosis were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to lercanidipine hydrochloride (n = 139; 81 males) or felodipine sustained-release tablets (n = 142; 87 males). Study duration was 8 weeks, including two run-in weeks and 6 weeks of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The mean seated diastolic blood pressure (BP) change from baseline to 6 weeks of treatment was the primary endpoint. Main secondary efficacy parameters were: (i) mean seated systolic BP change from baseline to 6 weeks of treatment; (ii) normalization BP rate. The incidence of adverse events was also considered. RESULTS BP monitoring showed a significant decrease compared with baseline in diastolic BP (lercanidipine: from 96 ± 4 to 83 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.0001; felodipine: from 96 ± 4 to 82 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.0001). The mean systolic BP decreased, when compared with baseline values, by 18 mmHg and 19 mmHg in the lercanidipine and felodipine arm, respectively (p < 0.0001 versus baseline for both comparisons). The normalization rates of BP were 79.5% and 87.2%, in the lercanidipine and felodipine groups, respectively (in-office monitoring; p = n.s.). In total, 73 patients experienced 103 AEs: 26.6% (37/139) in the lercanidipine group and 25.3% (36/142) in the felodipine arm (p = n.s.). The analysis of safety showed no unexpected adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall short follow-up of the present study should be taken into account, lercanidipine is an effective and safe treatment option for BP control in adult patients with mild-to-moderate primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Shanghai First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , China
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Cao TS, Huynh VM, Tran VH. Effects of lercanidipine versus amlodipine in hypertensive patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. Curr Med Res Opin 2015; 31:163-70. [PMID: 25425058 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.964855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of lercanidipine and amlodipine in the treatment of hypertensive patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An open label, controlled, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted on 104 hypertensive patients (blood pressure [BP] >130/80 mmHg) diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Enrolled subjects were randomly assigned to a 4 week treatment with lercanidipine 20 mg/day or amlodipine 10 mg/day. The treatment was administered during the acute phase of the stroke, either immediately after the diagnosis or during an observation period of maximum 6 days. RESULTS Both lercanidipine and amlodipine were able to significantly reduce mean clinical systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP), mean 24 h ambulatory BP and day-time and night-time BP. In particular, mean clinical SBP/DBP was reduced from 168.9 ± 21.6/96.2 ± 13.6 mmHg to 147.1 ± 22.0/87.1 ± 14.0 mmHg in the lercanidipine group (p < 0.001 for SBP and p < 0.01 for DBP) and from 167.1 ± 19.9/97.8 ± 14.5 mmHg to 143.3 ± 21.9/82.8 ± 14.1 mmHg in the amlodipine-treated group (p < 0.001 for both SBP and DBP). No statistical difference was observed between the two treatments in the reduction of clinical BP. The response and normalization rates registered in the two groups of patients were also similar, with no significant difference between the two drugs. In addition, both treatments reported comparable results in terms of early morning BP surge reduction and BP stabilization, measured through trough-peak ratio and smoothness index. However lercanidipine showed a better tolerability profile than amlodipine, with fewer adverse events and a lower percentage of patients suffering from side effects. CONCLUSIONS Lercanidipine is as effective as amlodipine in the reduction and stabilization of BP in hypertensive patients after a stroke, and presents some advantages in terms of safety. Larger studies are necessary to further evaluate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuc Sinh Cao
- Vinh Medical University , Vinh City, Nghe An , Vietnam
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Efficacité et tolérance de la lacidipine dans le traitement de l’hypertension artérielle en onco-hématologie pédiatrique. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:1101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Efficacy and safety of the dual L- and T-type calcium channel blocker, ACT-280778: a proof-of-concept study in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:229-35. [PMID: 25231512 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ACT-280778 is an oral, non-dihydropyridine, dual L-/T-type calcium channel blocker. This phase 2a, double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled study investigated the efficacy and safety of 10 mg ACT-280778. Patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension received once-daily placebo (n=53), ACT-280778 10 mg (n=52) or amlodipine 10 mg (n=54) for 4 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline to week 4 in placebo-adjusted mean trough sitting diastolic blood pressure (SiDBP) with ACT-280778. Tolerability was assessed by recording treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Baseline clinical characteristics were similar across groups. No significant difference was observed at week 4 in mean trough SiDBP between placebo (-9.9 (95% confidence limit (CL) -12.7, -7.0) mm Hg) and ACT-280778 (-9.5 (-12.4, -6.5) mm Hg; P=0.86); amlodipine reduced mean trough SiDBP by -16.8 (-19.0, -14.5) mm Hg, confirming assay validity. Change in mean PR interval at week 4 (pre-dose) differed between placebo (-1.0 (95% CL -4.4, 2.3) ms) and ACT-280778 (6.5 (3.5, 9.6) ms); amlodipine did not increase PR interval (1.1 (-1.6, 3.9) ms).Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) frequency was 32.1% (placebo), 32.7% (ACT-280778) and 33.3% (amlodipine). The most common TEAEs were headache, peripheral edema, hypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block. ACT-280778 (10 mg) did not lower blood pressure in mild-to-moderate hypertension.
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Elliott HL, Meredith PA. Thrapeutic equivalence in the treatment of hypertension: Can lercanidipine and nifedipine GITS be considered to be interchangeable? World J Cardiol 2014; 6:507-513. [PMID: 24976923 PMCID: PMC4072841 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To undertake a review of the evidence that nifedipine GITS and lercanidipine are therapeutically equivalent in the management of essential hypertension.
METHODS: A systematic review of the published literature was prompted by the findings of two meta-analyses which indicated that there was a lower incidence of peripheral (ankle) oedema with lercanidipine. However, neither meta-analysis gave detailed attention to comparative antihypertensive efficacy or cardiovascular protection. Accordingly, a systematic, detailed and critical review was undertaken of individual published papers. The review started with those studies incorporated into the 2 meta-analyses and then all other salient and directly relevant papers identified through the following search criteria: all randomized controlled trials in which the therapeutic profile and antihypertensive effects of lercanidipine were directly compared with those of nifedipine GITS (in hypertensive patients). The search strategy was focused on the reports of clinical trials of lercanidipine vs nifedipine GITS, which were identified through a systematic search of PubMed (from 1966 to October 2012), Embase (from 1980 to October 2012) and the Cochrane library (from 1 October 2008 to end October 2013). The search combined terms related to lercanidipine vs nifedipine GITS (including MeSH search using calcium antagonists, calcium channel blockers and dihydropyridines).
RESULTS: With regard to blood pressure (BP) control and the consistency of BP control throughout 24-h, there is limited published evidence. However, two studies using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring clearly identified the dose-dependency of BP lowering with lercanidipine and its variably sustained 24-h efficacy. In contrast, there is evidence of a consistent antihypertensive effect throughout 24 h with nifedipine GITS. The incidence of the most common “side effect”, i.e., peripheral (ankle) oedema can be estimated as follows. For every 100 patients treated with lercanidipine, 2.5 will report oedema compared to 6 patients treated with nifedipine GITS. However, 98 or 99 patients will continue treatment with nifedipine GITS, compared with 99.5 patients on lercanidipine. Finally, with regard to outcome studies of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, there is definitive outcome evidence for nifedipine GITS but there is no evidence that treatment with lercanidipine leads to reductions in CV morbidity and mortality.
CONCLUSION: There is no evidence in terms of long-term BP control and CV protection to justify the contention that lercanidipine is therapeutically equivalent to nifedipine GITS.
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Lee SA, Choi HM, Park HJ, Ko SK, Lee HY. Amlodipine and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients: meta-analysis comparing amlodipine-based versus other antihypertensive therapy. Korean J Intern Med 2014; 29:315-24. [PMID: 24851066 PMCID: PMC4028521 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This meta-analysis compared the effects of amlodipine besylate, a charged dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker (CCB), with other non-CCB antihypertensive therapies regarding the cardiovascular outcome. METHODS Data from seven long-term outcome trials comparing the cardiovascular outcomes of an amlodipine-based regimen with other active regimens were pooled and analyzed. RESULTS The risk of myocardial infarction was significantly decreased with an amlodipine-based regimen compared with a non-CCB-based regimen (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.99; p = 0.03). The risk of stroke was also significantly decreased (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.90; p < 0.00001). The risk of heart failure increased slightly with marginal significance for an amlodipine-based regimen compared with a non-CCB-based regimen (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.31; p = 0.08). However, when compared overall with β-blockers and diuretics, amlodipine showed a comparable risk. Amlodipine-based regimens demonstrated a 10% risk reduction in overall cardiovascular events (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99; p = 0.02) and total mortality (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.99; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Amlodipine reduced the risk of total cardiovascular events as well as all-cause mortality compared with non-CCB-based regimens, indicating its benefit for high-risk cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Mi Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Ko
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fadda AA, Bondock SB, Khalil AM, Tawfik EH. Synthesis of Some New 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione and Their Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, Thiazino and Benzothiazepine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; ET-35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - S. B. Bondock
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; ET-35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - A. M. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; ET-35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - Eman H. Tawfik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mansoura University; ET-35516; Mansoura; Egypt
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Cicero AF, Gerocarni B, Rosticci M, Borgh C. Blood Pressure and Metabolic Effect of a Combination of Lercanidipine with Different Antihypertensive Drugs in Clinical Practice. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-1-36-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the blood pressure (BP) and metabolic effects of lercanidipine when combined with other classes of first-line antihypertensive drugs in day-to-day clinical practice. For this study, we consecutively enrolled 162 patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension, who are partial responders to the treatment with lercanidipine over a period of 24 months. Patients were then allocated to the combination of lercanidipine (10–20 mg/day) with β-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin-II receptor blockers according to compelling indications (if any) and/or suggestions of European Society of Hypertension–European Society of Cardiology (ESH–ESC) guidelines. All the enrolled patients completed the study and no adverse drug reaction was registered during the research period. The association of a second drug with lercanidipine determined an additional BP decrease of either systolic BP or diastolic BP independently from the type of drug added (P always <0.05). The additional effect of lercanidipine appears widely distributed with no significant differences in the size of BP decrease. From the metabolic point of view, the addition of a second drug did not determine a significant variation in the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P always >0.05). Conversely, a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose and serum levels of triglycerides has been observed in patients where lercanidipine has been combined with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin-II receptor blocker. In conclusion, in our study we observed that lercanidipine-based protocols are well tolerated and efficacious in reducing BP. Moreover, the association of lercanidipine with renin–angiotensin system blockers is also associated with significant improvements in triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Beatrice Gerocarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Claudio Borgh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna
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Cicero AFG, Gerocarni B, Rosticci M, Borghi C. Blood Pressure and Metabolic Effect of a Combination of Lercanidipine with Different Antihypertensive Drugs in Clinical Practice. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 34:113-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2011.601381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Makani H, Bangalore S, Romero J, Wever-Pinzon O, Messerli FH. Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema. Am J Med 2011; 124:128-35. [PMID: 21295192 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral edema is a common adverse effect of calcium channel blockers. The addition of a renin-angiotensin system blocker, either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an ARB, has been shown to reduce peripheral edema in a dose-dependent way. METHODS We performed a MEDLINE/COCHRANE search for all prospective randomized controlled trials in patients with hypertension, comparing calcium channel blocker monotherapy with calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination from 1980 to the present. Trials reporting the incidence of peripheral edema or withdrawal of patients because of edema and total sample size more than 100 were included in this analysis. RESULTS We analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials with 17,206 patients (mean age 56 years, 55% were men) and a mean duration of 9.2 weeks. The incidence of peripheral edema with calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination was 38% lower than that with calcium channel blocker monotherapy (P<.00001) (relative risk [RR] 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.74). Similarly, the risk of withdrawal due to peripheral edema was 62% lower with calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination compared with calcium channel blocker monotherapy (P=.002) (RR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.66). ACE inhibitors were significantly more efficacious than ARBs in reducing the incidence of peripheral edema (P<.0001) (ratio of RR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64-0.84) (indirect comparison). CONCLUSION In patients with hypertension, the calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination reduces the risk of calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema when compared with calcium channel blocker monotherapy. ACE inhibitor seems to be more efficacious than ARB in reducing calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema, but head-to-head comparison studies are needed to prove this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Makani
- St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10019, USA
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Sakurai-Yamashita Y, Harada N, Niwa M. Lercanidipine Rescues Hippocampus Pyramidal Neurons from Mild Ischemia-Induced Delayed Neuronal Death in SHRSP. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:561-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bastos MF, Brilhante FV, Gonçalves TED, Pires AG, Napimoga MH, Marques MR, Duarte PM. Hypertension may affect tooth-supporting alveolar bone quality: a study in rats. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1075-83. [PMID: 20350157 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the ligature-induced bone loss (BL) and quality of tooth-supporting alveolar bone in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by histometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses and assesses the effects of lercanidipine on these parameters. METHODS Wistar rats and SHRs were assigned to one of the following groups: normotensive rats (n = 15), untreated SHRs (n = 15), and treated SHRs (n = 15). The latter group was treated daily with lercanidipine for 45 days. Two weeks after the beginning of drug administration, the first right mandibular molar received a cotton ligature, whereas the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The following parameters were analyzed in the furcation area of decalcified histologic sections: BL, bone density (BD), number of positive cells for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+), and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). RESULTS In ligated teeth, no significant differences among groups were found regarding BL, TRAP+ cells, and the ratio of RANKL/OPG+ cells (P >0.05), although the expression of RANKL was decreased in the treated SHR group (P <0.05). Increased BL and decreased BD were observed around unligated teeth of the untreated and treated SHR groups (P <0.05). In the furcation area of the unligated teeth, the untreated SHR group presented a higher number of TRAP+ cells and higher ratio of RANKL/OPG+ cells compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS SHRs present harmful alterations in the quality of tooth-supporting bone, independently of inflammation. In addition, the administration of lercanidipine for 45 days decreased the expression of bone-resorption markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira Bastos
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li CJ, Shi ZD. Calcium channel blocker. Clin Ther 2010; 32:396; author reply 397. [PMID: 20206797 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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