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Fursultiamine Prevents Drug-Induced Ototoxicity by Reducing Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mouse Cochlea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101526. [PMID: 34679662 PMCID: PMC8533091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hearing loss is a major type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics have been known to cause ototoxicity, and excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are suggested as the common major pathology of cisplatin- and aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced ototoxicity. Fursultiamine, also called thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide, is a thiamine disulfide derivative that may have antioxidant effects. To evaluate whether fursultiamine can prevent cisplatin- and kanamycin-induced ototoxicity, we investigated their preventive potential using mouse cochlear explant culture system. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse cochlear hair cells showed that fursultiamine pretreatment reduced cisplatin- and kanamycin-induced damage to both inner and outer hair cells. Fursultiamine attenuated mitochondrial ROS accumulation as evidenced by MitoSOX Red staining and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in a JC-1 assay. In addition, fursultiamine pretreatment reduced active caspase-3 and TUNEL signals after cisplatin or kanamycin treatment, indicating that fursultiamine decreased apoptotic hair cell death. This study is the first to show a protective effect of fursultiamine against cisplatin- and aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced ototoxicity. Our results suggest that fursultiamine could act as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent against mitochondrial oxidative stress.in cochlear hair cells.
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Fessel J. Supplemental thiamine as a practical, potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease from commencing. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12199. [PMID: 34337137 PMCID: PMC8319660 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is better to attempt stopping Alzheimer's disease (AD) before it starts than trying to cure it after it has developed. A cerebral scan showing deposition of either amyloid or tau identifies those elderly persons whose cognition is currently normal but who are at risk of subsequent cognitive loss that may develop into AD. Synaptic hypometabolism is usually present in such at-risk persons. Although inadequate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may cause synaptic hypometabolism, that may not be the entire cause because, in fact, measurements in some of the at-risk persons have shown normal ATP levels. Thiamine deficiency is often seen in elderly, ambulatory persons in whom thiamine levels correlate with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Thiamine deficiency has many consequences including hypometabolism, mitochondrial depression, oxidative stress, lactic acidosis and cerebral acidosis, amyloid deposition, tau deposition, synaptic dysfunction and abnormal neuro-transmission, astrocyte function, and blood brain barrier integrity, all of which are features of AD. Although the clinical benefits of administering supplementary thiamine to patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment have been mixed, it is more likely to succeed at preventing the onset of cognitive loss if administered at an earlier time, when the number of aberrant biochemical pathways is far fewer. Providing a thiamine supplement to elderly persons who still have normal cognition but who have deposition of either amyloid or tau, may prevent subsequent cognitive loss and eventual dementia. A clinical trial is needed to validate that possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Professor of Clinical Medicine, EmeritusDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Sheng L, Cao W, Lin P, Chen W, Xu H, Zhong C, Yuan F, Chen H, Li H, Liu C, Yang M, Li X. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of Benfotiamine in Healthy Subjects. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1101-1110. [PMID: 33727798 PMCID: PMC7955752 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses (SADs/MADs) of benfotiamine were assessed after oral administration in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trials. Methods Healthy subjects were sequentially enrolled into one of five SAD (150–1200 mg) or three MAD (150, 300 or 600 mg) cohorts. In SAD study, each cohort of 12 subjects (n = 10, active; n = 2, placebo) were administrated once-daily doses. In MAD study, each cohort of 16 subjects (n = 12, active; n = 4, placebo) were administrated once-daily on day 1 and twice-daily on day 4–9, followed by a single morning dose on day 10. Results In the SAD study, the median time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) arrived 1.0 to 2.0 h for thiamine (TM), 3.5 to 8.0 h for thiamine monophosphate (TMP), and 8.0 to 24.0 h for thiamine diphosphate (TDP) after administration of benfotiamine. The area under concentration-time curve from 0 to last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) or maximum observed concentration (Cmax) of TM, TMP, and TDP was less or more dose proportional over the single dose studied except Cmax of TM. Food consumption did not increase the level of TM and TDP at baseline. TM exhibited a relatively long elimination half-life (t1/2) in all doses studied, resulting in accumulation ratio (Rac) of 1.96 to 2.11 and accumulation ratio based on Cmax (Rac, Cmax) of 1.60 to 1.88 following 7 days of multiple dosing. Comparable accumulation results were also obtained for TDP after multiple dosing. The incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) were similar between benfotiamine and placebo. The commonly reported drug-related AEs were increased ALT and urinary WBC. Conclusion Both SAD and MAD studies of benfotiamine in healthy subjects were safe and well tolerated. TM and TDP exhibited moderate accumulation on repeated administration of benfotiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shanghai Rixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Lin
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Do JY, Kim J, Kim MJ, Lee JY, Park SY, Yanai R, Lee IK, Park S, Park DH. Fursultiamine Alleviates Choroidal Neovascularization by Suppressing Inflammation and Metabolic Reprogramming. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 33107903 PMCID: PMC7594589 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the therapeutic effects of fursultiamine on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) through its modulation of inflammation and metabolic reprogramming in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Methods The anti-angiogenic effects of fursultiamine were assessed by measuring vascular leakage and CNV lesion size in the laser-induced CNV mouse model. Inflammatory responses were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and ELISA in both CNV eye tissues and in vitro cell cultures using ARPE-19 cells or primary human RPE (hRPE) cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment or hypoxia. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption in ARPE-19 cells treated with LPS with or without fursultiamine, and lactate production was measured in ARPE-19 cells subjected to hypoxia with or without fursultiamine. Results In laser-induced CNV, fursultiamine significantly decreased vascular leakage and lesion size, as well as the numbers of both choroidal and retinal inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. In LPS-treated ARPE-19 cells, fursultiamine decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion and nuclear factor kappa B phosphorylation. Furthermore, fursultiamine suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in primary hRPE cells. Interestingly, fursultiamine significantly enhanced mitochondrial respiration in the LPS-treated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, fursultiamine attenuated hypoxia-induced aberrations, including lactate production and inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, fursultiamine attenuated hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion and mitochondrial fission in primary hRPE cells that were replicated in ARPE-19 cells. Conclusions Our findings show that fursultiamine is a viable putative therapeutic for neovascular age-related macular degeneration by modulating the inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming by enhancing mitochondrial respiration in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Do
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,R&D Center, JD Bioscience, Inc., Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide promotes voluntary activity through dopaminergic activation in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10469. [PMID: 29992990 PMCID: PMC6041333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle is associated with better health in body and mind, and it is urgent that supporting agents for such lifestyles be developed. In rodents, voluntary locomotor activity as an active physical behavior may be mediated by dopaminergic neurons (DNs). Thiamine phosphate esters can stimulate DNs, and we thus hypothesized that thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), a thiamine derivative, promotes locomotor activity via DNs in rats. Acute i.p. administration of TTFD enhanced rat locomotor activity in a normal cage. In vivo microdialysis revealed that TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity was synchronized with dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Antagonism of the dopamine D1 receptor, but not D2 receptor, in the mPFC fully suppressed TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity. Finally, we found a TTFD dose-dependent increase in voluntary wheel running. Our findings demonstrate that DNs in the mPFC mediates TTFD-enhanced locomotor activity, suggesting the potential of TTFD to induce active physical behavior.
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